TSP model for electric vehicle deliveries, considering speed, loading and road grades

The objective usually considered in sustainable transportation is to minimize pollution due to emissions, and equivalently energy consumption. Turning to electric mobility, pollution is related to electricity production technology, not considered in this research; driving range is the major concern nowadays, due to the limited capacity of batteries and long recharge times . Maximizing the driving range or the level of energy (state of charge of the battery) at destination leads to consider the main factors of energy consumption which are : vehicle weight, engine efficiency and consumption models, drive speed and acceleration, drive pattern, road grade, and payload.
We define the electric vehicle travelling salesman problem (EV-TSP) and the electric vehicle routing problem (E-VRP) based on the classical TSP and on the Pollution Routing Problem (PRP) and present models and preliminary results for those problems.