[en] We present global distributions of C2H2 and hydrogen
cyanide (HCN) total columns derived from the Infrared
Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) for the
years 2008–2010. These distributions are obtained with a fast
method allowing to retrieve C2H2 abundance globally with
a 5% precision and HCN abundance in the tropical (subtropical)
belt with a 10% (25 %) precision. IASI data are
compared for validation purposes with ground-based Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements at
four selected stations. We show that there is an overall agreement
between the ground-based and space measurements
with correlation coefficients for daily mean measurements
ranging from 0.28 to 0.81, depending on the site. Global
C2H2 and subtropical HCN abundances retrieved from IASI
spectra show the expected seasonality linked to variations in
the anthropogenic emissions and seasonal biomass burning
activity, as well as exceptional events, and are in good agreement
with previous spaceborne studies. Total columns simulated
by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers,
version 4 (MOZART-4) are compared to the ground-based
FTIR measurements at the four selected stations. The model
is able to capture the seasonality in the two species in most of
the cases, with correlation coefficients for daily mean measurements
ranging from 0.50 to 0.86, depending on the site.
IASI measurements are also compared to the distributions
from MOZART-4. Seasonal cycles observed from satellite
data are reasonably well reproduced by the model with correlation
coefficients ranging from -0.31 to 0.93 for C2H2
daily means, and from 0.09 to 0.86 for HCN daily means,
depending on the considered region. However, the anthropogenic
(biomass burning) emissions used in the model seem
to be overestimated (underestimated), and a negative global
mean bias of 1% (16 %) of the model relative to the satellite
observations was found for C2H2 (HCN).
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Duflot, V.
Wespes, C.
Clarisse, L.
Hurtmans, D.
Ngadi, Y.
Jones, N.
Paton-Walsh, C.
Hadji-Lazaro, J.
Vigouroux, C.
De Mazière, M.
Metzger, J.-M.
Mahieu, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de phys. atmosph. et solaire (GIRPAS)
Servais, Christian ; Université de Liège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de phys. atmosph. et solaire (GIRPAS)
Anderson, G. P.; Clough, S. A.; Kneizys, F. X.; Chetwynd, J. H.; and Shettle, E. P.: AFGL Atmospheric Constituent Profiles (0-120 km), Environmental Research Papers no. 954, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB Massachusetts, AFGL TR-86-0110, 1986.
Annegarn, H. J.; Otter, L.; Swap, R. J.; and Scholes, R. J.: Southern Africas ecosystem in a test-tube-A perspective on the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000), S. Afr. J. Sci.; 98, 111-113, 2002.
Clarisse, L.; Coheur, P. F.; Prata, A. J.; Hurtmans, D.; Razavi, A.; Phulpin, T.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.; and Clerbaux, C.: Tracking and quantifying volcanic SO2 with IASI, the September 2007 eruption at Jebel at Tair, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 8, 7723-7734, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7723-2008, 2008.
Clarisse L.; Clerbaux C.; Dentener F.; Hurtmans D.; and Coheur P.-F.: Global ammonia distribution derived from infrared satellite observations, Nat. Geosci.; 2, 479-483, doi:10.1038/NGEO551, 2009.
Clarisse, L.; RHoni, Y.; Coheur, P.-F.; Hurtmans, D.; and Clerbaux, C.: Thermal infrared nadir observations of 24 atmospheric gases, Geophys. Res. Lett.; 38, L10802, doi:10.1029/2011GL047271, 2011a.
Clarisse, L.; Formm, M.; Ngadi, Y.; Emmons, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Hurtmans, D.; and Coheur, P. F.: Intercontinental transport of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide and other pollutants: An infrared remote sensing case study, Geophys. Res. Lett.; 38, L19806, doi:10.1029/2011GL048976, 2011b.
Clerbaux, C.; Boynard, A.; Clarisse, L.; George, M.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.; Herbin, H.; Hurtmans, D.; Pommier, M.; Razavi, A.; Turquety, S.; Wespes, C.; and Coheur, P.-F.: Monitoring of atmospheric composition using the thermal infrared IASI/MetOp sounder, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 6041-6054, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6041-2009, 2009.
Coheur, P.-F.; Barret, B.; Turquety, S.; Hurtmans, D.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.; and Clerbaux, C.: Retrieval and characterization of ozone vertical profiles from a thermal infrared nadir sounder, J. Geophys. Res.; 110, D24303, doi:10.1029/2005JD005845, 2005.
Duflot, V.; Dils, B.; Baray, J. L.; De Maziere, M.; Attie, J. L.; Vanhaelewyn, G.; Senten, C.; Vigouroux, C.; Clain, G.; and Delmas, R.: Analysis of the origin of the distribution of CO in the subtropical southern Indian Ocean in 2007, J. Geophys. Res.; 115, D22106, doi:10.1029/2010JD013994, 2010.
Duflot, V.; Hurtmans, D.; Clarisse, L.; Rhoni, Y.; Vigouroux, C.; De Maziere, M.; Mahieu, E.; Servais, C.; Clerbaux, C.; and Coheur, P.-F.: Measurements of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acetylene (C2H2) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Atmos. Meas. Tech.; 6, 917-925, doi:10.5194/amt-6-917-2013, 2013.
Edwards D. P.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Attie, J.-L.; Emmons, L. K.; Richter, A.; Cammas, J.-P.; Gille, J. C.; Francis, G. L.; Deeter, M. N.; Warner, J.; Ziskin, D. C.; Lyjak, L. V.; Drummond, J. R.; and Burrows, J. P.: Tropospheric ozone over the tropical Atlantic: A satellite perspective, J. Geophys. Res.; 108, 4237, doi:10.1029/2002JD002927, 2003.
Edwards, D. P.; Emmons, L. K.; Gille, J. C.; Chu, A.; Attie, J.-L.; Giglio, L.; Wood, S. W.; Haywood, J.; Deeter, M. N.; Massie, S. T.; Ziskin, D. C.; and Drummond, J. R.: Satellite-observed pollution from Southern Hemisphere biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res.; 111, D14312, doi:10.1029/2005JD006655, 2006a.
Edwards, D. P.; Emmons, L. K.; Gille, J. C.; Chu, A.; Attie, J.-L.; Giglio, L.; Wood, S. W.; Haywood, J.; Deeter, M. N.; Massie, S. T.; Ziskin, D. C.; and Drummond J. R.: Satellite-observed pollution from Southern Hemisphere biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res.; 111, D14312, doi:10.1029/2005JD006655, 2006b.
Emmons, L. K.; Walters, S.; Hess, P. G.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Pfister, G. G.; Fillmore, D.; Granier, C.; Guenther, A.; Kinnison, D.; Laepple, T.; Orlando, J.; Tie, X.; Tyndall, G.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Baughcum, S. L.; and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev.; 3, 43-67, doi:10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010a.
Emmons, L. K.; Apel, E. C.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Hess, P. G.; Avery, M.; Blake, D.; Brune, W.; Campos, T.; Crawford, J.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Hall, S.; Heikes, B.; Holloway, J.; Jimenez, J. L.; Knapp, D. J.; Kok, G.; Mena-Carrasco, M.; Olson, J.; OSullivan, D.; Sachse, G.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.; Weinheimer, A.; and Wiedinmyer, C.: Impact of Mexico City emissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4 simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 10, 6195-6212, doi:10.5194/acp-10-6195-2010, 2010b.
Emmons, L. K.; Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.; Huijnen, V.; Tilmes, S.; Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J.-C.; Bouarar, I.; Turquety, S.; Long, Y.; Duncan, B.; Steenrod, S.; Strode, S.; Flemming, J.; Mao, J.; Langner, J.; Thompson, A. M.; Tarasick, D.; Apel, E. C.; Blake, D. R.; Cohen, R. C.; Dibb, J.; Diskin, G. S.; Fried, A.; Hall, S. R.; Huey, L. G.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.; Nowak, J.; Peischl, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.; and Helmig, D.: The POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP): overview and evaluation with observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 15, 6721-6744, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6721-2015, 2015.
Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Chevallier, F.; Pison, I.; Bousquet, P.; Szopa, S.; Deeter, M. N.; and Clerbaux, C.: Ten years of CO emissions as seen from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), J. Geophys. Res.; 116, D05304, doi:10.1029/2010JD014416, 2011.
Glatthor, N.; von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G. P.; Funke, B.; Koukouli, M. E.; Fischer, H.; Grabowski, U.; Hopfner, M.; Kellmann, S.; and Linden, A.: Large-scale upper tropospheric pollution observed by MIPAS HCN and C2H6 global distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 9619-9634, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9619-2009, 2009.
Glatthor, N.; Hopfner, M.; Semeniuk, K.; Lupu, A.; Palmer, P. I.; McConnell, J. C.; Kaminski, J. W.; von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G. P.; Funke, B.; Kellmann, S.; Linden, A.; and Wiegele, A.: The Australian bushfires of February 2009: MIPAS observations and GEM-AQ model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 13, 1637-1658, doi:10.5194/acp-13-1637-2013, 2013.
Glatthor, N.; Hopfner, M.; Stiller, G. P.; von Clarmann, T.; Funke, B.; Lossow, S.; Eckert, E.; Grabowski, U.; Kellmann, S.; Linden, A.; A. Walker, K.; and Wiegele, A.: Seasonal and interannual variations in HCN amounts in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by MIPAS, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 15, 563-582, doi:10.5194/acp-15-563-2015, 2015.
Gonzlez Abad, G.; Allen, N. D. C.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.; McLeod, S. D.; Manney, G. L.; Toon, G. C.; Carouge, C.; Wang, Y.; Wu, S.; Barkley, M. P.; Palmer, P. I.; Xiao, Y.; and Fu, T. M.: Ethane, ethyne and carbon monoxide concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from ACE and GEOSChem: a comparison study, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 11, 9927-9941, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9927-2011, 2011.
Granier, C.; Lamarque, J.; Mieville, A.; Muller, J.; Olivier, J.; Orlando, J.; Peters, J.; Petron, G.; Tyndall, G.; and Wallens, S.: POET, a database of surface emissions of ozone precursors, available at: http://www.pole-ether.fr/eccad (last access: 22 September 2015), 2005.
Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Harley, P.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Palmer, P. I.; and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 6, 3181-3210, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Gyawali, M.; Arnott, W. P.; Lewis, K.; and Moosmuller, H.: In situ aerosol optics in Reno, NV, USA during and after the summer 2008 California wildfires and the influence of absorbing and non-absorbing organic coatings on spectral light absorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 8007-8015, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8007-2009, 2009.
Hoskins, B. J. and M. J. Rodwell: A model of the Asian summer monsoon. Part I: the global scale, J. Atmos. Sci.; 52, 1329-1340, 1995.
Hyer E. J.; Reid, J. S.; Prins, E. M.; Hoffman, J. P.; Schmidt, C. C.; Miettinen, J. I.; and Giglio, L.: Patterns of fire activity over Indonesia and Malaysia from polar and geostationary satellite observations, Atmos. Res.; 122, 504-519, 2013.
Lamarque, J.-F.; Bond, T. C.; Eyring, V.; Granier, C.; Heil, A.; Klimont, Z.; Lee, D.; Liousse, C.; Mieville, A.; Owen, B.; Schultz, M. G.; Shindell, D.; Smith, S. J.; Stehfest, E.; Van Aardenne, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Kainuma, M.; Mahowald, N.; Mc-Connell, J. R.; Naik, V.; Riahi, K.; and van Vuuren, D. P.: Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 10, 7017-7039, doi:10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010.
Lamarque, J.-F.; Emmons, L. K.; Hess, P. G.; Kinnison, D. E.; Tilmes, S.; Vitt, F.; Heald, C. L.; Holland, E. A.; Lauritzen, P. H.; Neu, J.; Orlando, J. J.; Rasch, P. J.; and Tyndall, G. K.: CAM-chem: description and evaluation of interactive atmospheric chemistry in the Community Earth System Model, Geosci. Model Dev.; 5, 369-411, doi:10.5194/gmd-5-369-2012, 2012.
Lewis S. L.; Brando, P. M.; Phillips, O. L.; van der Heijden, G. M. F.; and Nepstad, D.: The 2010 Amazon Drought, Science, 331, p. 554, doi:10.1126/science.1200807, 2011.
Li, Q.; Jacob, D. J.; Yantosca, R. M.; Heald, C. L.; Singh, H. B.; Koike, M.; Zhao, Y.; Sachse, G. W.; and Streets, D. G.: A global three-dimensional model analysis of the atmospheric budgets of HCN and CH3CN: Constraints from aircraft and ground measurements, J. Geophys. Res.; 108, 8827, doi:10.1029/2002JD003075, 2003.
Li, Q.; Palmer, P. I.; Pumphrey, H. C.; Bernath, P.; and Mahieu, E.: What drives the observed variability of HCN in the troposphere and lower stratosphere?, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 8531-8543, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8531-2009, 2009.
Logan, J. A.; Prather, M. J.; Wofsy, S. C.; and McElroy, M. B.: Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective, J. Geophys. Res.; 86, 7210-7254, 1981.
Lupu, A.; Kaminski, J. W.; Neary, L.; McConnell, J. C.; Toyota, K.; Rinsland, C. P.; Bernath, P. F.;Walker, K. A.; Boone, C. D.; Nagahama, Y.; and Suzuki, K.: Hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere: GEM-AQ simulation and comparison with ACE-FTS observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 4301-4313, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4301-2009, 2009.
Magi, B. I.; Rabin, S.; Shevliakova, E.; and Pacala, S.: Separating agricultural and non-agricultural fire seasonality at regional scales, Biogeosciences, 9, 3003-3012, doi:10.5194/bg-9-3003-2012, 2012.
Mahieu, E.; Duchatelet, P.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.; De Maziere, M.; Demoulin, P.; Rinsland, C. P.; Servais, C.; and Walker, K. A.: Retrievals of C2H2 from high-resolution FTIR solar spectra recorded at the Jungfraujoch station (46.5- N) and comparison with ACE-FTS observations, Geophys. Res. Abstract, 10, http://hdl.handle.net/2268/15191 (last access: 23 September 2015),2008.
Park, M.; Randel, W. J.; Emmons, L. K.; Bernath, P. F.; Walker, K. A.; and Boone, C. D.: Chemical isolation in the Asian monsoon anticyclone observed in Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE-FTS) data, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 8, 757-764, doi:10.5194/acp-8-757-2008, 2008.
Parker, R. J.; Remedios, J. J.; Moore, D. P.; and Kanawade, V. P.: Acetylene C2H2 retrievals from MIPAS data and regions of enhanced upper tropospheric concentrations in August 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 11, 10243-10257, doi:10.5194/acp-11-10243-2011, 2011.
Parrington, M.; Palmer, P. I.; Henze, D. K.; Tarasick, D. W.; Hyer, E. J.; Owen, R. C.; Helmig, D.; Clerbaux, C.; Bowman, K. W.; Deeter, M. N.; Barratt, E. M.; Coheur, P.-F.; Hurtmans, D.; Jiang, Z.; George, M.; and Worden, J. R.: The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 12, 2077-2098, doi:10.5194/acp-12-2077-2012, 2012.
Paton-Walsh, C.; Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Forgan, B. W.; Wilson, S. R.; Jones, N. B.; and Edwards, D. P.: Trace gas emissions from savanna fires in northern Australia, J. Geophys. Res.; 115, D16314, doi:10.1029/2009JD013309, 2010.
Pfister, G. G.; Emmons, L. K.; Hess, P. G.; Honrath, R.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Val Martin, M.; Owen, R. C.; Avery, M. A.; Browell, E. V.; Holloway, J. S.; Nedelec, P.; Purvis, R.; Ryerson, T. B.; Sachse, G. W.; and Schlager, H.: Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires, J. Geophys. Res.; 111, D24S07, doi:10.1029/2006JD007695, 2006.
Pfister, G. G.; Emmons, L. K.; Hess, P. G.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Thompson, A. M.; and Yorks, J. E.: Analysis of the summer 2004 ozone budget over the United States using Inter continental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations, J. Geophys. Res.; 113, D23306, doi:10.1029/2008JD010190, 2008.
Pfister, G. G.; Parrish, D. D.;Worden, H.; Emmons, L. K.; Edwards, D. P.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Diskin, G. S.; Huey, G.; Oltmans, S. J.; Thouret, V.; Weinheimer, A.; and Wisthaler, A.: Characterizing summertime chemical boundary conditions for airmasses entering the US West Coast, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 11, 1769-1790, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1769-2011, 2011.
Pumphrey, H. C.; Santee, M. L.; Livesey, N. J.; Schwartz, M. J.; and Read,W. G.: Microwave Limb Sounder observations of biomassburning products from the Australian bush fires of February 2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 11, 6285-6296, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6285-2011, 2011.
Randel W. J.; Park, M.; Emmons, L.; Kinnison, D.; Bernath, P.; Walker, K. A.; Boone, C.; and Pumphrey, H.: Asian Monsoon Transport of Pollution to the Stratosphere, Science, 328, 611-613, 10.1126/science.1182274, 2010.
RHoni, Y.; Clarisse, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Hurtmans, D.; Duflot, V.; Turquety, S.; Ngadi, Y.; and Coheur, P.-F.: Exceptional emissions of NH3 and HCOOH in the 2010 Russian wildfires, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 13, 4171-4181, doi:10.5194/acp-13-4171-2013, 2013.
Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Stephen, T. M.; Pougatchev, N. S.; Fishman, J.; David, S. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Novelli, P. C.; Jones, N. B.; and Connor, B. J.: Infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of free tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal variations and evidence for enhanced emissions from the Southeast Asian tropical fires of 1997-1998, J. Geophys. Res.; 104, 18667-18680, 1999.
Rinsland, C. P.; Meier, A.; Griffith, D. W. T.; and Chiou, L. S.: Ground-based measurements of tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN from Australia at 34- S latitude during 1997-1998, J. Geophys. Res.; 106, 20913-20924, 2001.
Rinsland C. P.; Jones, N. B.; Connor, B. J.; Wood, S. W.; Goldman, A.; Stephen, T. M.; Murcray, F. J.; Chiou, L. S.; Zander, R.; and Mahieu, E.: Multiyear infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of HCN, CO, C2H6, and C2H2 tropospheric columns above Lauder, New Zealand (45- S latitude), J. Geophys. Res.; 107, 4185, doi:10.1029/2001JD001150, 2002.
Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding: Theory and Practice, Series on Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics Vol. 2, World Scientific Publishing CO.; Singapore, 2000.
Rodgers, C. D. and Connor, B. J.: Intercomparison of remote sounding instruments, J. Geophys. Res.; 108, 4116-4129, 2003.
Sancho, P.; De La Cruz, J.; Diaz, A.; Martin, F.; Hernandez, E.; Valero, F.; and Albarran, B.: A five-year climatology of backtrajectories from the Izana baseline station, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Atmos. Environ.; 26, 1081-1096, 1992.
Sauvage, B.; Thouret, V.; Cammas, J.-P.; Gheusi, F.; Athier, G.; and Nedelec, P.: Tropospheric ozone over Equatorial Africa: regional aspects from the MOZAIC data, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 5, 311-335, doi:10.5194/acp-5-311-2005, 2005.
Singh, H. B.; Salas, L.; Herlth, D.; Kolyer, R.; Czech, E.; Viezee, W.; Li, Q.; Jacob, D. J.; Blake, D.; Sachse, G.; Harward, C. N.; Fuelberg, H.; Kiley, C. M.; Zhao, Y.; and Kondo, Y.: In situ measurements of HCN and CH3CN over the Pacific Ocean: sources, sinks and budgets, J. Geophys. Res.; 108, 8795, doi:10.1029/2002JD003006, 2003.
Standard Atmosphere: National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration S/T 76-1562, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1976.
Tilmes, S.; Emmons, L. K.; Law, K. S.; Ancellet, G.; Schlager, H.; Paris, J.-D.; Fuelberg, H. E.; Streets, D. G.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Diskin, G. S.; Kondo, Y.; Holloway, J.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Campos, T.; Nedelec, P.; and Panchenko, M. V.: Source contributions to Northern Hemisphere CO and black carbon during spring and summer 2008 from POLARCAT and START08/preHIPPO observations and MOZART-4, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.; 11, 5935-5983, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-5935-2011, 2011.
Van Damme, M.; Clarisse, L.; Heald, C. L.; Hurtmans, D.; Ngadi, Y.; Clerbaux, C.; Dolman, A. J.; Erisman, J. W.; and Coheur, P. F.: Global distributions, time series and error characterization of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) from IASI satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 14, 2905-2922, doi:10.5194/acp-14-2905-2014, 2014.
van der Werf, G. R.; Randerson, J. T.; Giglio, L.; Collatz, G. J.; Kasibhatla, P. S.; and Arellano Jr.; A. F.: Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 6, 3423-3441, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3423-2006, 2006.
van derWerf G. R.; Randerson, J. T.; Giglio L.; Collatz, G. J.; Mu, M.; Kasibhatla, P. S.; Morton, D. C.; DeFries, R. S.; Jin, Y.; van Leeuwen, T. T., Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires 1997-2009). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 11707-11735, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010, 2010
Viatte, C.; Strong, K.; Hannigan, J.; Nussbaumer, E.; Emmons, L. K.; Conway, S.; Paton-Walsh, C.; Hartley, J.; Benmergui, J.; and Lin, J.: Identifying fire plumes in the Arctic with tropospheric FTIR measurements and transport models, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 15, 2227-2246, doi:10.5194/acp-15-2227-2015, 2015.
Vigouroux, C.; Stavrakou, T.; Whaley, C.; Dils, B.; Duflot, V.; Hermans, C.; Kumps, N.; Metzger, J.-M.; Scolas, F.; Vanhaelewyn, G.; Muller, J.-F.; Jones, D. B. A.; Li, Q.; and De Maziere, M.: FTIR time-series of biomass burning products (HCN, C2H6, C2H2, CH3OH, and HCOOH) at Reunion Island (21-S, 55-E) and comparisons with model data, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 12, 10367-10385, doi:10.5194/acp-12-10367-2012, 2012.
Volkamer, R.; Ziemann, P. J.; and Molina, M. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Acetylene (C2H2): seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 1907-1928, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1907-2009, 2009.
Walker, J. C.; Dudhia, A.; and Carboni, E.: An effective method for the detection of trace species demonstrated using the MetOp Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech.; 4, 1567-1580, doi:10.5194/amt-4-1567-2011, 2011.
Wespes, C.; Emmons, L.; Edwards, D. P.; Hannigan, J.; Hurtmans, D.; Saunois, M.; Coheur, P.-F.; Clerbaux, C.; Coffey, M. T.; Batchelor, R. L.; Lindenmaier, R.; Strong, K.;Weinheimer, A. J.; Nowak, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Crounse, J. D.; and Wennberg, P. O.: Analysis of ozone and nitric acid in spring and summer Arctic pollution using aircraft, ground-based, satellite observations and MOZART-4 model: source attribution and partitioning, At-mos. Chem. Phys.; 12, 237-259, doi:10.5194/acp-12-237-2012, 2012.
Wiedinmyer, C.; Quayle, B.; Geron, C.; Belote, A.; McKenzie, D.; Zhang, X.; ONeill, S.; and Wynne, K.: Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ.; 40, 3419-3432, 2006.
Wiedinmyer, C.; Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.; Emmons, L. K.; Al-Saadi, J. A.; Orlando, J. J.; and Soja, A. J.: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev.; 4, 625-641, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011, 2011.
Wiegele, A.; Glatthor, N.; Hopfner, M.; Grabowski, U.; Kellmann, S.; Linden, A.; Stiller, G.; and von Clarmann, T.: Global distributions of C2H6, C2H2, HCN, and PAN retrieved from MIPAS reduced spectral resolution measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech.; 5, 723-734, doi:10.5194/amt-5-723-2012, 2012.
Xiao, Y.; Jacob, D. J.; and Turquety, S.: Atmospheric acetylene and its relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.; 112, D12305, doi:10.1029/2006JD008268, 2007.
Yienger, J. J.; Galanter, M.; Holloway, T. A.; Phadnis, M. J.; Guttikunda, S. K.; Carmichael, G. R.; Moxim, W. J.; and Levy II, H.: The episodic nature of air pollution transport from Asia to North America, J. Geophys. Res.; 105, 26931-26945, doi:10.1029/2000JD900309, 2000.
Yulianti N. and Hayasaka, H.: Recent Active Fires under El Nino Conditions in Kalimantan, Indonesia, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 685-696, 2013.
Zander, R.; Rinsland, C. P.; Ehhalt, D. H.; Rudolph, J.; and Demoulin, P. H.: Vertical Column Abundances and Seasonal Cycle of Acetylene, C2H2, above the Jungfraujoch Station, Derived from IR Solar observations, J. Atmos. Chem.; 13, 359-372, 1991.
Zhang, Q.; Streets, D. G.; Carmichael, G. R.; He, K. B.; Huo, H.; Kannari, A.; Klimont, Z.; Park, I. S.; Reddy, S.; Fu, J. S.; Chen, D.; Duan, L.; Lei, Y.; Wang, L. T.; and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys.; 9, 5131-5153, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009, 2009.
Zhao, Y.; Strong, K.; Kondo, Y.; Koike, M.; Matsumi, Y.; Irie, H.; Rinsland, C. P.; Jones, N. B.; Suzuki, K.; Nakajima, H.; Nakane, H.; and Murata, I.: Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric CO, C2H6, C2H2, and HCN in northern Japan, J. Geophys. Res.; 107, 4343, doi:10.1029/2001JD000748, 2002.
