Akondé TP, Leihner DE, Steinmüller N (1997) Alley cropping on an Ultisol in subhumid Benin part 3: nutrient budget of maize, cassava and trees. Agrofor Syst 37:213–226. doi:10.1023/a:1005863818511
Amato M, Bitella G, Rossi R, Gómez JA, Lovelli S, Gomes JJF (2009) Multi-electrode 3D resistivity imaging of alfalfa root zone. Eur J Agron 31:213–222. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.005
Barbottin A, Lecomte C, Bouchard C, Jeuffroy M-H (2005) Nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in wheat. Crop Sci 45:1141–1150. doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.0361
Bayala J, Teklehaimanot Z, Ouedraogo SJ (2004) Fine root distribution of pruned trees and associated crops in a parkland system in Burkina Faso. Agrofor Syst 60:13–26. doi:10.1023/b:agfo.0000009401.96309.12
Bazié HR, Bayala J, Zombré G, Sanou J, Ilstedt U (2012) Separating competition-related factors limiting crop performance in an agroforestry parkland system in Burkina Faso. Agrofor Syst 84:377–388. doi:10.1007/s10457-012-9483-y
Besson A, Cousin I, Dorigny A, Dabas M, King D (2008) The temperature correction for the electrical resistivity measurements in undisturbed soil samples: analysis of the existing conversion models and proposal of a New model. Soil Sci 173:707–7207. doi:10.1097/SS.1090b1013e318189397f
Buchmann N, Brooks JR, Rapp KD, Ehleringer JR (1996) Carbon isotope composition of C4 grasses is influenced by light and water supply. Plant Cell Environ 19:392–402
Campbell RB, Bower CA, Richards LA (1949) Change of electrical conductivity with temperature and the relation of osmotic pressure to electrical conductivity and Ion concentration for soil Extracts1. Soil Sci Soc Am J 13:66–69. doi:10.2136/sssaj1949.036159950013000C0010x
Celano G, Palese AM, Ciucci A, Martorella E, Vignozzi N, Xiloyannis C (2011) Evaluation of soil water content in tilled and cover-cropped olive orchards by the geoelectrical technique. Geoderma 163:163–170. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.03.012
Clay DE, Clay SA, Liu Z, Reese C (2001) Spatial variability of 13C isotopic discrimination in corn. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 32:1813–1827. doi:10.1081/CSS-120000252
Clay DE, Clay SA, Lyon DJ, Blumenthal JM (2005) 13C discrimination in corn grain can be used to separate and quantify yield losses due to water and nitrogen stresses. Weed Sci 53:23–29. doi:10.1614/WS-04-070R1
Dercon G, Clymans E, Diels J, Merckx R, Deckers J (2006a) Differential 13C isotopic discrimination in maize at varying water stress and at Low to high nitrogen availability. Plant Soil 282:313–326. doi:10.1007/s11104-006-0001-8
Dercon G, Deckers J, Poesen J, Govers G, Sánchez H, Ramírez M, Vanegas R, Tacuri E, Loaiza G (2006b) Spatial variability in crop response under contour hedgerow systems in the Andes region of Ecuador. Soil Till Res 86:15–26. doi:10.1016/j.still.2005.01.017
Everson TM, Everson C, Van Niekirk W (2004) Agroforestry in rural farming systems: a case study from the Drakensberg mountains in KwaZulu-Natal. In: Lawes MJ, Eeley HAC, Shackelton CM, Geach BGS (eds) Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa: policy, people and practice. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Scottsville, pp 650–658
Farquhar G (1983) On the nature of carbon isotope discrimination in C4 species. Funct Plant Biol 10:205–226. doi:10.1071/PP9830205
Garré S, Javaux M, Vanderborght J, Pagès L, Vereecken H (2011) Three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography to monitor root zone water dynamics. Gsvadzone 10:412–424. doi:10.2136/vzj2010.0079
Garré S, Günther T, Diels J, Vanderborght J (2012) Evaluating Experimental Design of ERT for Soil Moisture Monitoring in Contour Hedgerow Intercropping Systems. gsvadzone 11: −. doi: 10.2136/vzj2011.0186.
Garré S, Coteur I, Wongleecharoen C, Kongkaew T, Diels J, Vanderborght J (2013) Noninvasive Monitoring of Soil Water Dynamics in Mixed Cropping Systems: A Case Study in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. gsvadzone 12: −. doi: 10.2136/vzj2012.0129.
Ghannoum O (2009) C4 photosynthesis and water stress. Annals Bot 103:635–644. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn093
Giller KE, Corbeels M, Nyamangara J, Triomphe B, Affholder F, Scopel E, Tittonell P (2011) A research agenda to explore the role of conservation agriculture in African smallholder farming systems. Field Crop Res 124:468–472. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.04.010
Gross N, Liancourt P, Choler P, Suding KN, Lavorel S (2010) Strain and vegetation effects on local limiting resources explain the outcomes of biotic interactions. Perspect Plant Ecol, Evol Systemat 12:9–19. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.09.001
Guo ZL, Cai CF, Li ZX, Wang TW, Zheng MJ (2009) Crop residue effect on crop performance, soil N2O and CO2 emissions in alley cropping systems in subtropical China. Agrofor Syst 76:67–80. doi:10.1007/s10457-008-9170-1
Hauser S, Kang BT (1993) Nutrient dynamics, maize yield and soil organic matter dynamics in alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala. In: Mulongoy K, Merckx R (eds) Soil organic matter dynamics and sustainability of tropical agriculture. Wiley, Chichester, pp 215–222
Henderson S, Caemmerer S, Farquhar G (1992) Short-term measurements of carbon isotope discrimination in several C4 species. Funct Plant Biol 19:263–285. doi:10.1071/PP9920263
Hilger T, Keil A, Lippe M, Panomtaranichagul M, Saint-Macary C, Zeller M, Pansak W, Dinh T, Cadisch G (2013) Soil Conservation on Sloping Land: Technical Options and Adoption Constraints. In: HL Fröhlich, P Schreinemachers, K Stahr, G Clemens (eds) Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia: Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Kang BT, Wilson GF, Sipkens L (1981) Alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam) in southern Nigeria. Plant Soil 63:165–179. doi:10.1007/BF02374595
Land Development Department (2011) Tha Yang series: Ty. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 3
Leihner DE, Ernst-Schaeben R, Akondé TP, Steinmüller N (1996) Alley cropping on an Ultisol in subhumid Benin. Part 2: changes in crop physiology and tree crop competition. Agrofor Syst 34:13–25. doi:10.1007/BF00129629
Lemaire G, Gastal F (2009) Chapter 8 - quantifying crop responses to nitrogen deficiency and avenues to improve nitrogen Use efficiency. In: Sadras V, Calderini D (eds) Crop physiology. Academic, San Diego
Lhuillier-Soundélé A, Munier-Jolain NG, Ney B (1999) Dependence of seed nitrogen concentration on plant nitrogen availability during the seed filling in pea. Eur J Agron 11:157–166. doi:10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00026-X
Lose SJ, Hilger TH, Leihner DE, Kroschel J (2003) Cassava, maize and tree root development as affected by various agroforestry and cropping systems in Bénin West Africa. Agric Ecosyst Environ 100:137–151. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00182-8
McCullough DE, Mihajlovic M, Aguilera A, Tollenaar M, Girardin P (1994) Influence of N supply on development and dry matter accumulation of an old and a new maize hybrid. Can J Plant Sci 74:471–477. doi:10.4141/cjps94-087
Meinzer FC, Zhu J (1998) Nitrogen stress reduces the efficiency of the C4 CO2 concentrating system, and therefore quantum yield, in Saccharum (sugarcane) species. J Exp Bot 49:1227–1234. doi:10.1093/jxb/49.324.1227
Michot D, Benderitter Y, Dorigny A, Nicoullaud B, King D, Tabbagh A (2003) Spatial and temporal monitoring of soil water content with an irrigated corn crop cover using surface electrical resistivity tomography. Water Resour Res 39:1138. doi:10.1029/2002WR001581
Muchow RC (1988) Effect of nitrogen supply on the comparative productivity of maize and sorghum in a semi-arid tropical environment I. Leaf growth and leaf nitrogen. Field Crops Res 18:1–16. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(88)90055-X
Mugendi DN, Nair PKR, Mugwe JN, O’Neill MK, Woomer P (1999) Alley cropping of maize with calliandra and leucaena in the subhumid highlands of Kenya: part 2. Soil-fertility changes and maize yield. Agrofor Syst 46:39–50. doi:10.1023/A:1006288301044
Ong CK, Wilson J, Deans JD, Mulayta J, Raussen T, Wajja-Musukwe N (2002) Tree–crop interactions: manipulation of water use and root function. Agric Water Manag 53:171–186. doi:10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00163-9
Pansak W, Dercon G, Hilger T, Kongkaew T, Cadisch G (2007) 13C isotopic discrimination: a starting point for new insights in competition for nitrogen and water under contour hedgerow systems in tropical mountainous regions. Plant Soil 298:175–189. doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9353-y
Pansak W, Hilger TH, Dercon G, Kongkaew T, Cadisch G (2008) Changes in the relationship between soil erosion and N loss pathways after establishing soil conservation systems in uplands of Northeast Thailand. Agric Ecosyst Environ 128:167–176. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.002
Quinkenstein A, Wöllecke J, Böhm C, Grünewald H, Freese D, Schneider BU, Hüttl RF (2009) Ecological benefits of the alley cropping agroforestry system in sensitive regions of Europe. Environ Sci Pollut 12:1112–1121. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2009.08.008
Rowe EC, Hairiah K, Giller KE, Noordwijk M, Cadisch G (1999) Testing the safety-net role of hedgerow tree roots by 15N placement at different soil depths. In: D Auclair, C Dupraz (eds) Agroforestry for Sustainable Land-Use Fundamental Research and Modelling with Emphasis on Temperate and Mediterranean Applications. Springer Netherlands
Samouëlian A, Cousin I, Tabbagh A, Bruand A, Richard G (2005) Electrical resistivity survey in soil science: a review. Soil Till Res 83: 173–193. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.10.004.
Schiltz S, Munier-Jolain N, Jeudy C, Burstin J, Salon C (2005) Dynamics of exogenous nitrogen partitioning and nitrogen remobilization from vegetative organs in Pea revealed by 15 N in vivo labeling throughout seed filling. Plant Physiol 137:1463–1473. doi:10.1104/pp. 104.056713
Topp GC, Davis JL, Annan AP (1980) Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: measurements in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resour Res 16:574–582. doi:10.1029/WR016i003p00574
van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B (1999) WaNulCAS, a model of water, nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems. Agrofor Syst 43:217–242
Vanderborght J, Huisman JA, van der Kruk J, Vereecken H (2012) Geophysical methods for field-scale monitoring of flow and transport in the root zone. Non-invasive methods for soil-plant investigations. SSSA, Madison
Wang Z, Kang S, Jensen CR, Liu F (2012) Alternate partial root-zone irrigation reduces bundle-sheath cell leakage to CO2 and enhances photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves. J Exp Bot 63:1145–1153. doi:10.1093/jxb/err331
Waxman MH, Smits LJM (1968) Electrical conductivities in oil-bearing shaly sands. Soci Petrol Engin J 8:107–122