[en] BACKGROUND: Belgian Blue cattle are famous for their exceptional muscular development or "double-muscling". This defining feature emerged following the fixation of a loss-of-function variant in the myostatin gene in the eighties. Since then, sustained selection has further increased muscle mass of Belgian Blue animals to a comparable extent. In the present paper, we study the genetic determinants of this second wave of muscle growth. RESULTS: A scan for selective sweeps did not reveal the recent fixation of another allele with major effect on muscularity. However, a genome-wide association study identified two genome-wide significant and three suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting specific muscle groups and jointly explaining 8-21% of the heritability. The top two QTL are caused by presumably recent mutations on unique haplotypes that have rapidly risen in frequency in the population. While one appears on its way to fixation, the ascent of the other is compromised as the likely underlying MRC2 mutation causes crooked tail syndrome in homozygotes. Genomic prediction models indicate that the residual additive variance is largely polygenic. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to complex traits in humans which have a near-exclusive polygenic architecture, muscle mass in beef cattle (as other production traits under directional selection), appears to be controlled by (i) a handful of recent mutations with large effect that rapidly sweep through the population, and (ii) a large number of presumably older variants with very small effects that rise slowly in the population (polygenic adaptation).
Disciplines :
Genetics & genetic processes Animal production & animal husbandry
Author, co-author :
Druet, Tom ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > GIGA-R : Génomique animale
Ahariz, Naima
Cambisano, Nadine
Tamma, Nico
Michaux, Charles ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Biostatistique, économie, sélection animale
Coppieters, Wouter ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > GIGA-R : Génomique animale
Charlier, Carole ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > GIGA-R : Génomique animale
Georges, Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > GIGA-R : Génomique animale
Language :
English
Title :
Selection in action: dissecting the molecular underpinnings of the increasing muscle mass of Belgian Blue Cattle.
Publication date :
2014
Journal title :
BMC Genomics
eISSN :
1471-2164
Publisher :
BioMed Central, United Kingdom
Volume :
15
Issue :
1
Pages :
796
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Tags :
CÉCI : Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif
Funders :
CÉCI - Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif [BE]
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