Contrasting petrogenesis of Mg–K and Fe–K granitoids and implications for post-collisional magmatism: Case study from the Late-Archean Matok pluton (Pietersburg block, South Africa)
Contrasting petrogenesis of Mg–K and Fe–K granitoids and implications for post-collisional magmatism: Case study from the Late-Archean Matok pluton (Pietersburg block, South Africa)
Altermann W., Lenhardt N. The volcano-sedimentary succession of the Archean Sodium Group, Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa: volcanology, sedimentology and geochemistry. Precambrian Research 2012, 214-215:60-81.
Anderson J.L., Bender E.E. Nature and origin of Proterozoic A-type granitic magmatism in the southwestern United States of America. Lithos 1989, 23:19-52.
Barbarin B. A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 1999, 46:605-626.
Barton J.M., Doig R., Smith C.B., Bohlender F., van Reenen D.D. Isotopic and REE characteristics of the intrusive charnoenderbite and enderbite geographically associated with the Matok Pluton, Limpopo Belt, southern Africa. Precambrian Research 1992, 55(1-4):451-467.
Barton J.M., Barton E.S., Smith C.B. Petrography, age and origin of the Schiel alkaline complex, northern Transvaal, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 1996, 22(2):133-145.
Beard J.S., Lofgren G.E. Dehydration melting and water-saturated melting of basaltic and andesitic greenstones and amphibolites at 1, 3 and 6.9kbar. Journal of Petrology 1991, 32(2):365-401.
Black R., Liégeois J.-P. Cratons, mobile belts, alkaline rocks and continental lithospheric mantle: the Pan-African testimony. Journal of the Geological Society of London 1993, 150:89-98.
Block S., Moyen J.-F., Zeh A., Poujol M., Jaguin J., Paquette J.-L. The Murchison Greenstone Belt, South Africa: accreted slivers with contrasting metamorphic conditions. Precambrian Research 2013, 227:77-98.
Bogaerts M., Scaillet B., Liégeois J.-P., Vander Auwera J. Petrology and geochemistry of the Lyndgal granodiorite (Southern Norway) and the role of fractional crystallization in the genesis of Proterozoic ferro-potassic A-type granites. Precambrian Research 2003, 124:149-184.
Bogaerts M., Scaillet B., Vander Auwera J. Phase equilibria of the Lyngdal granodiorite (Norway): implications for the origin of metaluminous ferroan granitoids. Journal of Petrology 2006, 47(12):2405-2431.
Bohlender F. Igneous and metamorphic charnockitic rocks associated with the Matok pluton and their significance in the Limpopo orogeny 1991, (Ph.D. thesis), Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Bohlender F., Van Reenen D.D., Barton J.M. Evidence for metamorphic and igneous charnockites in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt. Precambrian Research 1992, 55(1-4):429-449.
Bonin B. Do coeval mafic and felsic magmas in post-collisional to within-plate regimes necessarily imply two contrasting, mantle and crustal, sources? A review. Lithos 2004, 78:1-24.
Brandl G., Jaeckel P., Kröner A. Single zircon age for the felsic Rubbervale Formation, Murchison greenstone belt, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 1996, 99(3):229-234.
Brandl G., Cloete M., Anhaeusser C.R. Archean greenstone belts. The Geology of South Africa 2006, 9-56. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geoscience, Pretoria. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
Clemens J.D., Holloway J.R., White A.J.R. Origin of the A-type granite: experimental constraints. AmeriCanadian Mineralogist 1986, 71:317-324.
Clemens J.D., Darbyshire D.P.F., Flinders J. Sources of post-orogenic calcalkaline magmas: the Arrochar and Garabal Hill-Glen Fyne complexes, Scotland. Lithos 2009, 112:524-542.
Conceicão R.V., Green D.H. Derivation of potassic (shoshonitic) magmas by decompression melting of phlogopite+pargasite lherzolite. Lithos 2004, 72:209-229.
Coulon C., Megartsi M., Fourcade S., Maury R.C., Bellon H., Louni-Hacini A., Cotten J., Coutelle A., Hermitte D. Post-collisional transition from calc-alkaline to alkaline volcanism during the Neogene in Oranie (Algeria): magmatic expression of a slab breakoff. Lithos 2002, 62(3-4):87-110.
Crow C., Condie K.C. Geochemistry and origin of the late Archean volcanics from the Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research 1988, 42:19-37.
Dall'Agnol R., Oliveira D.C. Oxidized, magnetite-series, rapakivi-type granites of Carajas, Brazil: Implications for classification and petrogenesis of A-type granites. Lithos 2007, 93:215-233.
Dall'Agnol R., Scaillet B., Pichavant M. An experimental study of a Lower Proterozoic A-type granite from the Eastern Amazonian Craton, Brazil. Journal of Petrology 1999, 40(11):1673-1698.
Davies J.H., von Blanckenburg F. Slab breakoff: a model of lithosphere detachment and its test in the magmatism and deformation of collisional orogens. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1995, 129(1-4):85-102.
de Wit M.J., Roering C., Hart R.J., Armstrong R.A., de Ronde R.E.J., Green R.W., Tredoux M., et al. Formation of an Archaean continent. Nature 1992, 357:553-562.
Debon F., Lemmet M. Evolution of Fe/Mg Ratios in Late Variscan plutonic rocks from the external crystalline massif of the alps (France, Italy, Switzerland). Journal of Petrology 1999, 40(7):1151-1185.
Demaiffe D., Bingen B., Wertz P., Hertogen J. Geochemistry of the Lyngdal hyperites (SW Norway): comparison with the monzonorites associated with the Rogaland anorthosite complex. Lithos 1990, 24:237-250.
dePaolo D.J. A neodymium and strontium isotopic study of the Mesozoic calc-alkaline granitic batholiths of the Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 1981, 86(B11):10470-10488.
D'Souza M.J., Keshava Prasad A.V., Ravindra R. Genesis of ferropotassic A-type granitoids of Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Antarctica: Contributions to Global Earth Sciences 2006, 45-54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. D.K. Fütterer, D. Damaske, G. Kleinschmidt, H. Miller, F. Tessensohn (Eds.).
Duchesne J.C., Martin H., Baginski B., Wiszniewska J., Vander Auwera J. The origin of ferroan-potassic A-type granitoids: the case of the hornblende-biotite granite suite of the Mesoproterozoic Mazury complex, northeastern Poland. Canadian Mineralogist 2010, 48(4):947-968.
Duretz T., Gerya T.V. Slab detachment during continental collision: Influence of crustal rheology and interactions with lithospheric delamination. Tectonophysics 2013, 602:124-140.
Eby G.N. Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Geology 1992, 20:641-644.
Eglington B.M., Armstrong R.A. The Kaapvaal Craton and adjacent orogens, southern Africa: a geochronological database and overview of the geological development of the craton. South African Journal of Geology 2004, 107:13-32.
Evans B.W., Vance J.A. Epidote phenocrysts in dacitic dikes, Boulder County, Colorado. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 96:178-185.
Ferré E.C., Caby R., Peucat J.J., Capdevila R., Monié P. Pan-African, post-collisional, ferro-potassic granite and quartz-monzonite plutons of Eastern Nigeria. Lithos 1998, 45:255-279.
Fowler M., Rollinson H.R. Phanerozoic sanukitoids from Caledonian Scotland: implications for Archaean subduction. Geology 2012, 40(12):1079-1082.
Frost B.R., Barnes C.G., Collins W.J., Arculus R.J., Ellis D.J., Frost C.D. A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 2001, 42:2033-2048.
Halla J. Late Archean high-Mg granitoids (sanukitoids) in the southern Karelian domain, eastern Finland: Pb and Nd isotopic constraints on crust-mantle interactions. Lithos 2005, 79(1-2):161-178.
Halla J., van Hunen J., Heilimo E., Hölttä P. Geochemical and numerical constraints on Neoarchaean plate tectonics. Precambrian Research 2009, 174:155-162.
Heilimo E., Halla J., Hölttä P. Discrimination and origin of the sanukitoid series: geochemical constraints from the Neoarchean western Karelian Province (Finland). Lithos 2010, 115:27-39.
Henderson D.R., Long L.E., Barton J.M. Isotopic ages and chemical and isotopic composition of the Archaean Turfloop Batholith, Pietersburg granite-greenstone terrane, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 2000, 103(1):38-46.
Jacobsen S.B., Wasserburg G.J. Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites and achondrites, II. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1984, 67(2):137-150.
Jahn B.M., Auvray B., Shen Q.H., Liu D.Y., Zhang Z.Q., Dong Y.J., Ye X.J., Zhang Q.Z., Cornichet J., Macé J. Archaean crustal evolution in China: the Taishan complex, and evidence for juvenile crustal addition from long-term depleted mantle. Precambrian Research 1988, 38:381-403.
Janoušek V., Farrow C.M., Erban V. Interpretation of whole-rock geochemical data in igneous geochemistry: introducing Geochemical Data Toolkit (GCDkit). Journal of Petrology 2006, 47:1255-1259.
Kemp A.I.S., Hawkesworth C.J. Granitic perspectives on the generation and secular evolution of the continental crust. The Crust. Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, 349-410. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford. R.L. Rudnick (Ed.).
Keskin M., Genç Ş.C., Tüysüz O. Petrology and geochemistry of post-collisional Middle Eocene volcanic units in North-Central Turkey: evidence for magma generation by slab breakoff following the closure of the Northern Neotethys Ocean. Lithos 2008, 104:267-305.
Kouankap Nono G.D., Nzenti J.P., Suh C.E., Ganno S. Geochemistry of ferriferous, high-K calc-alkaline granitoids from the Banefo-Mvoutsaha Massif (NE Bafoussam), Central Domain of the Pan-African Fold Belt, Cameroon. Open Geology Journal 2010, 4:15-28.
Kramers J.D., Kreissig K., Jones M.Q.W. Crustal heat production and style of metamorphism: a comparison between two Archaean high-grade provinces in the Limpopo belt, South Africa. Precambrian Research 2001, 112:149-163.
Kramers J.D., McCourt S., van Reenen D.D. The Limpopo Belt. The Geology of South Africa 2006, 209-236. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geoscience, Pretoria. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
Kreissig K., Nagler T.F., Kramers J.D., Van Reenen D.D., Smit C.A. An isotopic and geochemical study of the Kaapvaal Craton and the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt: are they juxtaposed terranes?. Lithos 2000, 50:1-25.
Kreissig K., Holzer L., Frei R., Villa I.M., Kramers J.D., Smit C.A., van Reenen D.D. Geochronology of the Hout River Shear Zone and the metamorphism in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa. Precambrian Research 2001, 109:145-173.
Kröner A., Jaeckel P., Brandl G. Single zircon ages for felsic to intermediate rocks from the Pietersburg and Giyani greenstone belts and bordering granitoid orthogneisses, northern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2000, 30(4):773-793.
Kuno H. Differentiation of basalt magmas. Basalts: The Poldervaart Treatise on Rocks of Basaltic Composition 1968, 2:623-688. Interscience, New York. H.H. Hess, A.A. Poldervaart (Eds.).
Laurent O., Martin H., Doucelance R., Moyen J.-F., Paquette J.-L. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of high-K "sanukitoids" from the Bulai pluton, Central Limpopo Belt, South Africa: implications for geodynamic changes at the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary. Lithos 2011, 123:73-91.
Laurent O., Doucelance R., Martin H., Moyen J.F. Differentiation of the late-Archaean sanukitoid series and some implications for crustal growth: insights from geochemical modelling on the Bulai pluton, Central Limpopo Belt, South Africa. Precambrian Research 2013, 227:186-203.
Laurent O., Paquette J.-L., Martin H., Doucelance R., Moyen J.F. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircons from Meso- and Neoarchean granitoids of the Pietersburg block (South Africa): crustal evolution at the northern margin of the Kaapvaal craton. Precambrian Research 2013, 230:209-226.
Laurent O., Martin H., Moyen J.F., Doucelance R., in revision. The diversity and evolution of late-Archaean granitoids: evidence for the onset of "modern-style" plate tectonics between 3.0 and 2.5Ga. Submitted to Lithos and accepted with moderate revisions.
Liégeois J.P., Navez J., Hertogen J., Black R. Contrasting origin of post-collisional high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic versus alkaline and peralkaline granitoids. The use of sliding normalization. Lithos 1998, 45:1-28.
Lobach-Zhuchenko S.B., Rollinson H., Chekulaev V.P., Savatenkov V.M., Kovalenko A.V., Martin H., Guseva N.S., Arestova N.A. Petrology of a Late Archaean, highly potassic, sanukitoid pluton from the Baltic Shield: insights into Late Archaean mantle metasomatism. Journal of Petrology 2008, 49(3):393-420.
Longhi J., Vander Auwera J., Fram M., Duchesne J.C. Some phase equilibrium constraints on the origin of Proterozoic (Massif) anorthosites and related rocks. Journal of Petrology 1999, 40(2):339-362.
Magni V., Faccenna C., van Hunen J., Funiciello F. Delamination vs. break-off: the fate of continental collision. Geophysical Research Letters 2013, 40:285-289.
Martin H., Moyen J.F., Rapp R.P. The sanukitoid series: magmatism at the Archaean-Proterozoic transition. Earth and Environmental Sciences Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 2009, 100(1-2):15-33.
McDonough W.F., Sun S.S. The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 1995, 120(3-4):223-253.
Mikkola P., Huhma H., Heilimo E., Whitehouse M. Archean crustal evolution of the Suomussalmi district as part of the Kianta Complex, Karelia: constraints from geochemistry and isotopes of granitoids. Lithos 2011, 125:287-307.
Moyen J.F., Martin H., Jayananda M., Auvray B. Late Archaean granites: a typology based on the Dharwar Craton (India). Precambrian Research 2003, 127:103-123.
Nelson D.R., Trendall A.F., de Laeter J.R., Grobler N.J., Fletcher I.R. A comparative studies of the geochemical and isotopic systematics of late Archean flood basalts from the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons. Precambrian Research 1992, 54:231-256.
Nicoli G., Stevens S., Buick I.S., Moyen J.F. A comment on "Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism from an usual corundum+orthopyroxene intergrowth bearing Al-Mg granulite from the Southern Marginal Zone, Limpopo Complex, South Africa" by Belyanin et al. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2014, (in press).
Passeraub M., Wüst T., Kreissig K., Smit C.A., Kramers J.D. Structure, metamorphism and geochronology of the Rhenosterkoppies Greenstone Belt, Northern Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 1999, 102:323-334.
Peccerillo A., Taylor S.R. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1976, 58(1):63-81.
Peucat J.J., Capdevila R., Drareni A., Mahdjoub Y., Kahouri M. The Eglab massif in the West African Craton (Algeria), an original segment of the Eburnean orogenic belt: petrology, geochemistry and geochronology. Precambrian Research 2005, 136:309-352.
Pin C., Briot D., Bassin C., Poitrasson F. Concomitant separation of strontium and samarium-neodymium for isotopic analysis in silicate samples, based on specific extraction chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta 1994, 298(2):209-217.
Poujol M., Robb L.J., Respaut J.-P., Anhaeusser C.R. 3.07-2.97Ga greenstone belt formation in the northeastern Kaapvaal Craton: implications for the origin of the Witwatersrand Basin. Economical Geology 1996, 91:1455-1461.
Prouteau G., Scaillet B., Pichavant M., Maury R. Evidence for mantle metasomatism by hydrous silicic melts derived from subducted oceanic crust. Nature 2001, 410:197-200.
Rämö O.T., Haapala I. One hundred years of rapakivi granite. Mineralogy and Petrology 1995, 52:129-185.
Rapopo M. Petrogenesis of the Matok pluton, South Africa: implications on the heat source that induced regional metamorphism in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt 2010, (MSc. thesis), University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Rapp R.P., Watson E.B. Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8-32kbar: Implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 1995, 36(4):891-931.
Rapp R.P., Norman M.D., Laporte D., Yaxley G.M., Martin H., Foley S.F. Continent formation in the Archean and chemical evolution of the cratonic lithosphere: melt-rock reaction experiments at 3-4GPa and petrogenesis of Archean Mg-diorites (sanukitoids). Journal of Petrology 2010, 51(6):1237-1266.
Robb L.J., Brandl G., Anhaeusser C.R., Poujol M. Archean granitoid intrusions. The Geology of South Africa 2006, 57-94. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geoscience, Pretoria. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
Roberts M.P., Clemens J.D. Origin of high-potassium, calc-alkaline, I-type granitoids. Geology 1993, 21:825-828.
Roering C., van Reenen D.D., Smit C.A., Barton J.M., de Beer J.H., de Wit M.J., Stettler E.H., van Schalkwyk J.F., Stevens G., Pretorius S. Tectonic model for the evolution of the Limpopo Belt. Precambrian Research 1992, 55:539-552.
Rogers R.D., Karason H., van der Hilst R.D. Epeirogenic uplift above a detached slab in northern Central America. Geology 2002, 30(11):1031-1034.
Shaw D.M. Trace element fractionation during anatexis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1976, 34:237-243.
Sial A.N., Vasconcelos P.M., Ferreira V.P., Pessoa R.R., Brasilino R.G., Morais Neto J.M. Geochronological and mineralogical constraints on depth of emplacement and ascension rates of epidote-bearing magmas from northeastern Brazil. Lithos 2008, 105:225-238.
Singh J., Johannes W. Dehydration melting of tonalites. 2. Compositions of melts and solids. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1996, 125:26-44.
Sisson T., Ratajeski K., Hankins W., Glazner A. Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2005, 148:635-661.
Skjerlie K.P., Johnston A.D. Vapour-absent melting from 10 to 20kbar of crustal rocks that contain multiple hydrous phases: implications for anatexis in the deep to very deep continental crust and active continental margins. Journal of Petrology 1996, 37:661-691.
Skridlaite G., Wiszniewska J., Duchesne J.C. Ferro-potassic A-type granites and related rocks in NE Poland and S Lithuania: west of the East European Craton. Precambrian Research 2003, 124:305-326.
Smit C.A., Roering C., van Reenen D.D. The structural framework of the southern margin of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa. Precambrian Research 1992, 55(1-4):51-67.
Smit C.A., van Reenen D.D., Gerya T.V., Perchuk L.L. P-T conditions of decompression of the Limpopo high-grade terrane: record from shear zones. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 2001, 19:249-268.
Smithies R.H., Howard H.M., Evins P.M., Kirkland C.L., Kelsey D.E., Hand M., Wingate M.T.D., Collins A.S., Belousova E. High-temperature granite magmatism, crust-mantle interaction and the mesoproterozoic intracontinental evolution of the Musgrave Province, Central Australia. Journal of Petrology 2011, 52(5):931-958.
Steenfelt A., Garde A.A., Moyen J.-F. Mantle wedge involvement in the petrogenesis of Archaean grey gneisses in West Greenland. Lithos 2005, 79:207-228.
Stevens G., van Reenen D.D. Constraints on the form of the P-T loop in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa. Precambrian Research 1992, 55(1-4):279-296.
Tagne-Kamga G. Petrogenesis of the Neoproterozoic Ngondo Plutonic complex (Cameroon, west central Africa): a case of late-collisional ferro-potassic magmatism. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2003, 36:149-171.
Tatsumi Y., Suzuki T. Tholeiitic vs. calc-alkalic differentiation and evolution of arc crust: constraints from melting experiments on a basalt from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc. Journal of Petrology 2009, 50(8):1575-1603.
van der Westhuizen W.A., de Bruiyn H., Meintjes P.G. The Ventersdorp Supergroup. The Geology of South Africa 2006, 187-208. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geoscience, Pretoria. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
van Hunen J., Allen M.B. Continental collision and slab break-off: a comparison of 3-D numerical models with observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 302(1-2):27-37.
van Reenen D.D., Smit C.A. The Limpopo Metamorphic Belt, South Africa: 1. Geological setting and relationship of the granulite complex with the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe Cratons. Petrology 1996, 4(6):562-570.
van Reenen D.D., Barton J.M., Roering C., Smit C.A., van Schalkwyk J.F. Deep crustal response to continental collision: the Limpopo belt of southern Africa. Geology 1987, 15:11-14.
Vander Auwera J., Bogaerts M., Liégeois J.P., Demaiffe D., Wilmart E., Bolle O., Duchesne J.C. Derivation of the 1.0-0.9Ga ferro-potassic A-type granitoids of southern Norway by extreme differentiation from basic magmas. Precambrian Research 2003, 124:107-148.
Vander Auwera J., Bogaerts M., Bolle O., Longhi J. Genesis of intermediate igneous rocks at the end of the Sveconorwegian (Grenvillian) orogeny (S Norway) and their contribution to intracrustal differentiation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2007, 156:721-743.
Vander Auwera J., Bolle O., Bingen B., Liégeois J.-P., Bogaerts M., Duchesne J.-C., de Waele B., Longhi J. Sveconorwegian massif-type anorthosites and related granitoids result from post-collisional melting of a continental arc root. Earth Science Reviews 2011, 107:375-397.
Watkins J.M., Clemens J.D., Treloar P.J. Archaean TTGs as sources of younger granitic magmas: melting of sodic metatonalites at 0.6-1.2GPa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2007, 154:91-110.
Watson E.B., Harrison T.M. Zircon saturation revisited: temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1983, 64:295-304.
Whalen J.B., Currie K.L., Chappell B.W. A-type granite: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 95:407-419.
Wolf M.B., Wyllie P.J. Dehydration-melting of amphibolite at 10kbar: the effects of temperature and time. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1994, 115:369-383.
Wones D.R. Significance of the assemblage titanite+magnetite+quartz in granitic rocks. American Mineralogist 1989, 74:744-749.
Workman R.K., Hart S.R. Major and trace element composition of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 231(1-2):53-72.
Zeh A., Gerdes A., Barton J.M. Archean accretion and crustal evolution of the Kalahari Craton-the zircon age and Hf isotope record of granitic rocks from Barberton/Swaziland to the Francistown Arc. Journal of Petrology 2009, 50:933-966.
Zeh A., Jaguin J., Poujol M., Boulvais P., Block S., Paquette J.-L. Juvenile crust formation in the northeastern Kaapvaal Craton at 2.97Ga-implications for Archean terrane accretion, and the source of the Pietersburg gold. Precambrian Research 2013, 233:20-43.
Zen E., Hammarstrom J.M. Magmatic epidote and its petrologic significance. Geology 1984, 12:515-518.