Oil dispersion; Formulation; Phytophthora megakarya; Cacao black pod disease; Trichoderma asperellum; Biological control
Abstract :
[en] In African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao black pod disease caused by hytophthora
megakarya is a priority. Introducing biological control agents as part of a P. megakarya control strategy is highly desirable, especially in a perspective of pesticide reduction. Trichoderma species are among the most used biological control agents. In Cameroon, Trichoderma asperellum formulated in wettable powder has produced positive effects against this disease. However, with this type of formulation, shelf-life and persistence of conidia on pods are limited. Our study therefore sought to develop a new T. asperellum formulation that would be more effective and better suited to the conditions of field application by small-scale producers in Cameroon. We selected a soybean oil-based oil dispersion, in which the half-life of the conidia reached 22.5 weeks, versus 5 weeks in aqueous suspension. Tested on detached pods, the formulation completely inhibited the development of the disease. When sprayed in the field on cacao clones highly sensitive to P. megakarya, the formulation resulted in 90% protection
of treated pods after 1 week, and 50% after 3.2 weeks. The formulations exercised a measurable effect for up to 7 weeks, versus 2 weeks in the case of an aqueous conidial suspension and 5 weeks for that of a conventional fungicide (Kocide). Trichoderma asperellum formulated in oil dispersion has therefore great potential for the control of cacao black pod disease with less recourse to synthetic fungicides.
Mbarga, J.B.; Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), B.P. 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon > Laboratoire Régional de Lutte Biologique et de Microbiologie Appliquée
Begoude, B.A.D.
Ambang, Z.
Meboma, M.
Kuate, J.
Schiffers, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Chimie et bio-industries > Analyse, qual. et risques - Labo. de Chimie analytique
Ewbank, W.
Dedieu, L.
ten Hoopen, G.M.
Language :
English
Title :
A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya
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