[en] A very sensitive X-ray investigation of the giant H II region N11 in the Large Megallanic Cloud was performed using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The 300 ks observation reveals X-ray sources with luminosities down to 10[SUP]32[/SUP] erg s[SUP]–1[/SUP], increasing the number of known point sources in the field by more than a factor of five. Among these detections are 13 massive stars (3 compact groups of massive stars, 9 O stars, and one early B star) with log (L [SUB]X[/SUB]/L [SUB]BOL[/SUB]) ~–6.5 to –7, which may suggest that they are highly magnetic or colliding-wind systems. On the other hand, the stacked signal for regions corresponding to undetected O stars yields log (L [SUB]X[/SUB]/L [SUB]BOL[/SUB]) ~–7.3, i.e., an emission level comparable to similar Galactic stars despite the lower metallicity. Other point sources coincide with 11 foreground stars, 6 late-B/A stars in N11, and many background objects. This observation also uncovers the extent and detailed spatial properties of the soft, diffuse emission regions, but the presence of some hotter plasma in their spectra suggests contamination by the unresolved stellar population.
Research Center/Unit :
LiSRI - Liège Space Research Institute - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Nazé, Yaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Wang, Q. Daniel; Department of Astronomy, B619E-LGRT, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Chu, You-Hua; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Gruendl, Robert; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Oskinova, Lida; Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany)
Language :
English
Title :
A Deep Chandra Observation of the Giant H II Region N11. I. X-Ray Sources in the Field
Publication date :
01 August 2014
Journal title :
Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
ISSN :
0067-0049
eISSN :
1538-4365
Publisher :
University of Chicago Press, United States - Illinois
Barbá, R. H., Rubio, M., Roth, M. R., & García, J. 2003, AJ, 125, 1940
Berghoefer, T. W., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Danner, R., & Cassinelli, J. P. 1997, A&A, 322, 167
Cardelli, J. A., Clayton, G. C., & Mathis, J. S. 1989, ApJ, 345, 245
Cioni, M.-R., Loup, C., & Habing, H. J. et al. 2000, A&AS, 144, 235
Clark, D. M., Eikenberry, S. S., & Brandl, B. R. et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 798
Cutri, R. M., Skrutskie, M. F., & van Dyk, S. et al. 2003, yCat, 2246, 0
Dey, A., Soifer, B. T., & Desai, V. et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 943
Donley, J. L., Rieke, G. H., Pérez-González, P. G., & Barro, G. 2008, ApJ, 687, 111
Dunne, B. C., Points, S. D., & Chu, Y.-H. 2001, ApJS, 136, 119
Evans, C. J., Lennon, D. J., Smartt, S. J., & Trundle, C. 2006, A&A, 456, 623, (ELST)
Evans, N. R., DeGioia-Eastwood, K., & Gagné, M. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 13
Feigelson, E., Broos, P., & Gaffney, J. A., III et al. 2002, ApJ, 574, 258
Fitzpatrick, E. L. 1986, AJ, 92, 1068
Gagné, M., Oksala, M. E., & Cohen, D. H. et al. 2005, ApJ, 628, 986, (erratum, ApJ, 634, 712)
Getman, K. V., Flaccomio, E., & Broos, P. S. et al. 2005, ApJS, 160, 319
Gruendl, R. A. & Chu, Y.-H. 2009, ApJS, 184, 172
Güdel, M. & Nazé, Y. 2009, A&ARv, 17, 309
Harnden, F. R., Jr., Branduardi, G., & Gorenstein, P. et al. 1979, ApJL, 234, L51
Hatano, H., Kadowaki, R., & Nakajima, Y. et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2653
Helfand, D. J. & Moran, E. C. 2001, ApJ, 554, 27
Heydari-Malayeri, M., Charmandaris, V., & Deharveng, L. et al. 2001, A&A, 372, 527
Johnson, S. P., Wilson, G. W., & Wang, Q. D. et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 662
Kato, D., Nagashima, C., & Nagayama, T. et al. 2007, PASJ, 59, 615
Kim, D.-W., Protopapas, P., & Trichas, M. et al. 2012, ApJ, 747, 107
Kozłowski, S. & Kochanek, C. S. 2009, ApJ, 701, 508
Lasker, B. M., Lattanzi, M. G., & McLean, B. J. et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 735
Long, K. S. & White, R. L. 1980, ApJL, 239, L65
Lucke, P. B. & Hodge, P. W. 1970, AJ, 75, 171
Mac Low, Chang, T. H., & Chu, Y.-H. et al. 1998, ApJ, 493, 260
Martins, F. & Plez, B. 2006, A&A, 457, 637
Meyer, M. R., Calvet, N., & Hillenbrand, L. A. 1997, AJ, 114, 288
Mokiem, M. R., de Koter, A., & Evans, C. J. et al. 2007, A&A, 465, 1003
Monet, D. G., Levine, S. E., & Canzian, B. et al. 2003, AJ, 125, 984
Moretti, A., Campana, S., Lazzati, D., & Tagliaferri, G. 2003, ApJ, 588, 696
Nazé, Y. 2009, A&A, 506, 1055
Nazé, Y., Antokhin, I. I., & Rauw, G. et al. 2004, A&A, 418, 841
Nazé, Y., Broos, P. S., & Oskinova, L. et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 7
Nazé, Y., Chu, Y.-H., & Points, S. D. et al. 2001, AJ, 122, 921
Nazé, Y., Mahy, L., & Damerdji, Y. et al. 2012a, A&A, 546, A37
Nazé, Y., Rauw, G., Sana, H., & Corcoran, M. F. 2013, A&A, 555, A83
Nazé, Y., Zhekov, S. A., & Walborn, N. R. 2012b, ApJ, 746, 142
Oestreicher, M. O., Gochermann, J., & Schmidt-Kaler, T. 1995, A&AS, 112, 495
Oskinova, L. M. 2005, MNRAS, 361, 679
Oskinova, L. M., Hamann, W.-R., Cassinelli, J. P., Brown, J. C., & Todt, H. 2011, AN, 332, 988
Oskinova, L. M., Ignace, R., Hamann, W.-R., Pollock, A. M. T., & Brown, J. C. 2003, A&A, 402, 755
Oskinova, L. M., Sun, W., & Evans, C. J. et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 73
Owocki, S. P., Sundqvist, J. O., Cohen, D. H., & Gayley, K. G. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 3379
Pallavicini, R., Golub, L., & Rosner, R. et al. 1981, ApJ, 248, 279
Parker, J. W., Garmany, C. D., Massey, P., & Walborn, N. R. 1992, AJ, 102, 1205
Rauw, G., Vreux, J.-M., & Stevens, I. R. et al. 2002, A&A, 388, 552
Robrade, J. & Schmitt, J. H. M. M. 2011, A&A, 531, A58
Rosado, M., Laval, A., & Le Coarer, E. et al. 1996, A&A, 308, 588
Sana, H. & Evans, C. J. 2011, IAU Symp. 272, Active OB Stars: Structure, Evolution, Mass Loss, and Critical Limits, ed. C. Neiner, G. Wade, G. Meynet, & G. Peters (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 474
