Mesoscale structures from magnetocapillary self-assembly

When identical soft ferromagnetic particles are suspended at some water-air interface, capillary
attraction is balanced by magnetic repulsion induced by a vertical magnetic field. By adjusting the magnetic field strength, the equilibrium interdistance between particles can be tuned. The aim of this paper is to study the ordering of particles for large assemblies. We have found an upper size limit above which the assembly collapses due to capillary effects. Before reaching this critical number of particles, defects are always present and limit the perfect ordering expected for that system. This is due to the curvature of the interface induced by the weight of the self-assembly.