Bulk superconductor; Magnetic measurement; Trapped field; Ferromagnet
Abstract :
[en] Large grain, bulk Y–Ba–Cu–O (YBCO) high temperature superconductors (HTS) have significant potential for use in a variety of practical applications that incorporate powerful quasi-permanent magnets. In the present work, we investigate how the trapped field of such magnets can be improved by combining bulk YBCO with a soft FeNi, ferromagnetic alloy. This involves machining the alloy into components of various shapes, such as cylinders and rings, which are attached subsequently to the top surface of a solid, bulk HTS cylinder. The effect of these modifications on the magnetic hysteresis curve and trapped field of the bulk superconductor at 77 K are then studied using pick-up coil and Hall probe measurements. The experimental data are compared to finite element modelling of the magnetic flux distribution using Campbell’s algorithm.
Initially we establish the validity of the technique involving pick-up coils wrapped around the bulk superconductor to obtain its magnetic hysteresis curve in a non-destructive way and highlight the difference between the measured signal and the true magnetization of the sample. We then consider the properties of hybrid ferromagnet/superconductor (F/S) structures. Hall probe measurements, together with the results of the model, establish that flux lines curve outwards through the ferromagnet, which acts, effectively, like a magnetic short circuit. Magnetic hysteresis curves show that the effects of the superconductor and the ferromagnet simply add when the ferromagnet is saturated fully by the applied field. The trapped field of the hybrid structure is always larger than that of the superconductor alone below this saturation level, and especially when the applied field is removed. The results of the study show further that the beneficial effects on the trapped field are enhanced when the ferromagnet covers the entire surface of the superconductor for different ferromagnetic components of various shapes and fixed volume.
Research center :
SUPRATECS - Services Universitaires pour la Recherche et les Applications Technologiques de Matériaux Électro-Céramiques, Composites, Supraconducteurs - ULiège
Philippe, Matthieu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Capteurs et systèmes de mesures électriques
Fagnard, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Capteurs et systèmes de mesures électriques
Kirsch, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Electronique et microsystèmes
Xu, Zhihan; University of Cambridge > Engineering Department > Bulk Superconductivity Group
Dennis, Anthony; University of Cambridge > Engineering Department > Bulk Superconductivity Group
Shi, Yunhua; University of Cambridge > Engineering Department > Bulk Superconductivity Group
Cardwell, David A; University of Cambridge > Engineering Department > Bulk Superconductivity Group
Vanderheyden, Benoît ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Electronique et microsystèmes
Vanderbemden, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Capteurs et systèmes de mesures électriques
Language :
English
Title :
Magnetic characterisation of large grain, bulk Y–Ba–Cu–O superconductor–soft ferromagnetic alloy hybrid structures
A.Y. Aladyshkin, A.V. Silhanek, W. Gillijns, and V.V. Moshchalkov Nucleation of superconductivity and vortex matter in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 2009 053001
V. Vlasko-Vlasov, A. Buzdin, A. Melnikov, U. Welp, D. Rosenmann, L. Uspenskaya, V. Fratello, and W. Kwok Domain structure and magnetic pinning in ferromagnetic/superconducting hybrids Phys. Rev. B 85 2012 064505
K. Xu, K. Tsuzuki, S. Hara, D. Zhou, Y. Zhang, M. Murakami, D. Nishio-Hamane, and M. Izumi Microstructural and superconducting properties in single-domain Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors with in situ formed Fe 3O4 ferrimagnetic particles Supercond. Sci. Technol. 24 2011 085001
A. Palau, H. Parvaneh, N.A. Stelmashenko, H. Wang, J.L. Macmanus-Driscoll, and M.G. Blamire Hysteretic vortex pinning in superconductor-ferromagnet nanocomposites Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 2007 117003
N. Pompeo, K. Torokhtii, C. Meneghini, S. Mobilio, R. Loria, C. Cirillo, E.A. Ilyina, C. Attanasio, S. Sarti, and E. Silva Superconducting and structural properties of Nb/PdNi/Nb trilayers J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 26 2013 1939 1943
D. Stamopoulos, E. Aristomenopoulou, E. Manios, and D. Niarchos The superconducting magnetoresistance effect in Ni80Fe 20-Nb-Ni80Fe20 and Co-Nb-Co trilayers: requisites for tailoring its magnitude J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 26 2013 1931 1938
V.A. Kashurnikov, A.N. Maksimova, I.A. Rudnev, and A.P. Sotnikova Nonlinear interaction of a ferromagnet with a high-temperature superconductor J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 116 2013 476 485
Y.A. Genenko, H. Rauh, and A. Snezhko Novel design of a smart magnet/superconductor heterostructure Physica C 372-376 Part 3 2002 1389 1393 (Pubitemid 34867660)
M.D. Sumption, E. Lee, E.W. Collings, X.L. Wang, and S.X. Dou Suppression of ac (hysteretic) loss by magnetic shielding of MgB2/Fe superconductors: the pseudo-Meissner effect AIP Conf. Proc. 614 2002 824 831
F. Gömöry, M. Vojenciak, E. Pardo, M. Solovyov, and J. Šouc AC losses in coated conductors Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 2010 034012
M.D. Ainslie, T.J. Flack, and A.M. Campbell Calculating transport AC losses in stacks of high temperature superconductor coated conductors with magnetic substrates using FEM Physica C 472 2012 50 56
M.D. Ainslie, W. Yuan, and T.J. Flack Numerical analysis of AC loss reduction in HTS superconducting coils using magnetic materials to divert flux IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 2013 4700104
P. Krüger, F. Grilli, M. Vojenciak, V.M.R. Žermeño, E. Demencik, and S. Farinon Superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures exhibit potential for significant reduction of hysteretic losses Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 2013 202601
Y.A. Genenko Magnetic shielding for improvement of superconductor performance Phys. Status Solidi A 189 2002 469 473 (Pubitemid 34292269)
M. Tomita, and M. Murakami High-temperature superconductor bulk magnets that can trap magnetic fields of over 17 T at 29 K Nature 421 2003 517 520 (Pubitemid 36168440)
S. Nariki, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami Melt-processed Gd-Ba-Cu-O superconductor with trapped field of 3 T at 77 K Supercond. Sci. Technol. 18 2005 S126 S130
J.H. Durrell, C.E.J. Dancer, A. Dennis, Y. Shi, Z. Xu, A.M. Campbell, N. Hari Babu, R.I. Todd, C.R.M. Grovenor, and D.A. Cardwell A trapped field of 3 T in bulk MgB2 fabricated by uniaxial hot pressing Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25 2012 112002
H. Teshima, M. Morita, T. Arayashiki, T. Naito, and H. Fujishiro 10 T class trapped field properties of a large Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor Phys. Proc. 45 2013 61 64
B. Li, D. Zhou, K. Xu, S. Hara, K. Tsuzuki, M. Miki, B. Felder, Z. Deng, and M. Izumi Materials process and applications of single grain (RE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk high-temperature superconductors Physica C 482 2012 50 57
X. Granados, M. Torner, T. Puig, and X. Obradors Magnetization of ferromagnetic-SC heterostructures for trapped field low power motors IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 2007 1629 1632 (Pubitemid 47166222)
D. Zhou, M. Izumi, M. Miki, B. Felder, T. Ida, and M. Kitano An overview of rotating machine systems with high-temperature bulk superconductors Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25 2012 103001
S.B. Kim, T. Ikegami, J. Matsunaga, Y. Fujii, and H. Onodera The levitation characteristics of the magnetic substances using trapped HTS bulk annuli with various magnetic field distributions Physica C 494 2013 270 275
I. Sakai, and T. Higuchi Dynamic properties of magnetic levitation system using high-temperature superconductors IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 21 2011 1515 1518
T.A. Coombs, A.M. Campbell, I. Ganney, W. Lo, T. Twardowski, and B. Dawson Superconducting bearings in flywheels Mater. Sci. Eng. B 53 1998 225 228
F.N. Werfel, U. Floegel-Delor, R. Rothfeld, T. Riedel, B. Goebel, D. Wippich, and P. Schirrmeister Superconductor bearings, flywheels and transportation Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25 2012 014007
K. Nakagawa, Y. Ohaku, J. Tamada, F. Mishima, Y. Akiyama, M.K. Osako, H. Nakagami, and S. Nishijima Study on magnetic gene transfer using HTS bulk magnet Physica C 494 2013 262 264
T. Oka, H. Fukazawa, S. Fukui, J. Ogawa, T. Sato, M. Ooizumi, M. Tsujimura, and K. Yokoyama Collection of Ni-bearing material from electroless plating waste by magnetic separation with HTS bulk magnet Physica C 496 2014 58 62
X. Granados, E. Bartolomé, X. Obradors, M. Tornes, L. Rodrigues, W. Gawalek, M. McCulloch, D. Dew Hughes, A. Campbell, T. Coombs, M. Ausloos, and R. Cloots Iron-YBCO heterostructures and their application for trapped field superconducting motor J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 43 2006 788 791 (Pubitemid 44102518)
S. Kim, T. Nakano, R. Takano, and S.-Y. Hahn Study on trapped field characteristics of HTS bulk annuli with iron rings for ferromagnetic shimming of a compact NMR magnet IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 2009 2273 2276
N. Del-Valle, S. Agramunt-Puig, C. Navau, and A. Sanchez Shaping magnetic fields with soft ferromagnets: Application to levitation of superconductors J. Appl. Phys. 111 2012 013921
H. Fujishiro, D. Furuta, K. Yaegashi, T. Naito, and N. Yoshimoto Large and spatial magnetic field modulation using superconducting bulk magnet and silicon steel Physica C 470 2010 1856 1859
M. Ghodsi, T. Ueno, H. Teshima, H. Hirano, and T. Higuchi The characteristics of trapped magnetic flux inside bulk HTS in the mixed-μ levitation system Physica C 445-448 2006 343 346 (Pubitemid 44293297)
G. Ma, J. Wang, S. Wang, M. Liu, H. Jing, Y. Lu, and Q. Lin A novel propulsion method for high-Tc superconducting maglev vehicle Physica C 468 2008 7 11
H. Ikuta, H. Ishihara, Y. Yanagi, Y. Itoh, and U. Mizutani Extracting the utmost from the high performance of Sm-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors by pulse field magnetization Supercond. Sci. Technol. 15 2002 606 612 (Pubitemid 34459301)
B.M. Smolyak, G.V. Ermakov, and M.S. Zakharov Retardation of the magnetic relaxation in high-temperature superconductors near a ferromagnet J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 24 2011 325 329
J.-F. Fagnard, M. Dirickx, M. Ausloos, G. Lousberg, B. Vanderheyden, and P. Vanderbemden Magnetic shielding properties of high-Tc superconducting hollow cylinders: model combining experimental data for axial and transverse magnetic field configurations Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 2009 105002
G.P. Lousberg, J.-F. Fagnard, M. Ausloos, P. Vanderbemden, and B. Vanderheyden Numerical study of the shielding properties of macroscopic hybrid ferromagnetic/superconductor hollow cylinders IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 20 2010 33 41
L. Gozzelino, R. Gerbaldo, G. Ghigo, F. Laviano, A. Agostino, E. Bonometti, M. Chiampi, A. Manzin, and L. Zilberti Magnetic shielding properties of MgB2Fe superimposed systems J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 26 2013 1513 1516
J. Prat-Camps, A. Sanchez, and C. Navau Superconductor-ferromagnetic metamaterials for magnetic cloaking and concentration Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26 2013 074001
G.P. Lousberg, J.-F. Fagnard, X. Chaud, M. Ausloos, P. Vanderbemden, and B. Vanderheyden Magnetic properties of drilled bulk high-temperature superconductors filled with a ferromagnetic powder Supercond. Sci. Technol. 24 2011 035008
N. Hari Babu, M. Kambara, Y.-H. Shi, D.A. Cardwell, C.D. Tarrant, and K.R. Schneider Processing and microstructure of single grain, uranium-doped Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor Supercond. Sci. Technol. 15 2002 104 110 (Pubitemid 34096924)
N. Hari Babu, K. Iida, Y. Shi, and D.A. Cardwell Processing of high performance (LRE)-Ba-Cu-O large, single-grain bulk superconductors in air Physica C 445-448 2006 286 290 (Pubitemid 44308729)
E.H. Brandt Superconductor disks and cylinders in an axial magnetic field. I. Flux penetration and magnetization curves Phys. Rev. B 58 1998 6506 6522 (Pubitemid 128490439)
Y.B. Kim, C.F. Hempstead, and A.R. Strnad Critical persistent currents in hard superconductors Phys. Rev. Lett. 9 1962 306 309
Z. Xu, R. Lewin, A.M. Campbell, D.A. Cardwell, and H. Jones Theoretical simulation studies of pulsed field magnetisation of (RE)BCO bulk superconductors J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 234 2010 012049
Z. Xu, R. Lewin, A.M. Campbell, D.A. Cardwell, and H. Jones Simulation studies on the magnetization of (RE)BCO bulk superconductors using various split-coil arrangements Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25 2012 025016
A.M. Campbell A new method of determining the critical state in superconductors Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 2007 292
A.M. Campbell The interaction distance between flux lines and pinning centres J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 4 1971 3186
W.S. Seow, R.A. Doyle, J.D. Johnson, D. Kumar, R. Somekh, D.J.C. Walker, and A.M. Campbell The elastic regime of vortices in superconducting YBCO and multilayer YBCO/PrBCO films Physica C 241 1995 71 82
A.M. Campbell DC magnetisation and flux profile techniques R.A. Hein, T.L. Francavilla, D.H. Liebenberg, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems 1991 Plenum Press New York 129 155
A. Sanchez, and C. Navau Magnetic properties of finite superconducting cylinders. I. Uniform applied field Phys. Rev. B 64 2001 214506
A. Sanchez, and C. Navau Critical-current density from magnetization loops of finite high-Tc superconductors Supercond. Sci. Technol. 14 2001 444 447 (Pubitemid 32698114)
F.M. Araujo-Moreira, C. Navau, and A. Sanchez Meissner state in finite superconducting cylinders with uniform applied magnetic field Phys. Rev. B 61 2000 634 639
P. Laurent, J.-F. Fagnard, B. Vanderheyden, N. HariBabu, D.A. Cardwell, M. Ausloos, and P. Vanderbemden An ac susceptometer for the characterization of large, bulk superconducting samples Meas. Sci. Technol. 19 2008 085705
D.A. Cardwell, M. Murakami, M. Zeisberger, W. Gawalek, R. Gonzalez-Arrabal, M. Eisterer, H.W. Weber, G. Fuchs, G. Krabbes, A. Leenders, H.C. Freyhardt, X. Chaud, R. Tournier, and N. Hari Babu Round robin measurements of the flux trapping properties of melt processed Sm-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors Physica C 412-414 Part 1 2004 623 632
R. Gonzalez-Arrabal, M. Eisterer, and H.W. Weber Study of inhomogeneities in the flux density distribution of big monolithic (RE)Ba2Cu 3O7-δ melt-textured superconductors J. Appl. Phys. 93 2003 4734 4738
I.-G. Chen, J. Liu, R. Weinstein, and K. Lau Characterization of YBa 2Cu3O7, including critical current density Jc, by trapped magnetic field J. Appl. Phys. 72 1992 1013 1020
G.P. Lousberg, J.-F. Fagnard, J.G. Noudem, M. Ausloos, B. Vanderheyden, and P. Vanderbemden Measurement of the magnetic field inside the holes of a drilled bulk high-Tc superconductor Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 2009 045009
G.P. Lousberg, J.-F. Fagnard, E. Haanappel, X. Chaud, M. Ausloos, B. Vanderheyden, and P. Vanderbemden Pulsed-field magnetization of drilled bulk high-temperature superconductors: flux front propagation in the volume and on the surface Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 2009 125026
A. Gurevich, and H. Küpfer Time scales of the flux creep in superconductors Phys. Rev. B 48 1993 6477 6487
Y. Mawatari Magnetic field distributions around superconducting strips on ferromagnetic substrates Phys. Rev. B 77 2008 104505
A. Sanchez, N. Del-Valle, C. Navau, and D.-X. Chen Influence of magnetic substrate in the transport critical current of superconducting tapes Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 2010 072504
