Maghuin-Rogister, Guy ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA)
Vleminckx, C
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Pussemier, L
Huyghebaert, A
Language :
English
Title :
Risk ranking priority of carcinogenic and/or genotoxic environmental contaminants in food in Belgium
Publication date :
2014
Journal title :
Food Additives and Contaminants. Part A. Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment
Agence Française de Sécuirté Sanitaire des Aliments. 2007. Opinion of the French Food Safety Agency (Afssa) on the establishment of relevant maximum levels for non-dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (NDL-PCB) in some foodstuffs. Request No. 2006-SA-0305. Maisons-Alfort: Agence Française de Sécuirté Sanitaire des Aliments.
Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail. 2011. Étude de l'alimentation totale française 2 (EAT 2). Tome 2 Résidus de pesticides, additifs, acrylamide, hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Rapport d'expertise.
[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2004. Toxicological profile for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [Internet]. US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp68.pdf
[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2005. Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) [Internet]. US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, [cited 2013 Oct 25] Available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp43.pdf
[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) priority list of hazardous substances. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Ahmed FE. 1999. Safety standards for food contaminants. In: Moffat CF, Whittle KJ, editors. Environmental contaminants in food. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd; p. 545
Åkesson A, Julin B, Wolk A. 2008. Long-term dietary cadmium intake and postmenopausal endometrial cancer incidence: a population-based prospective cohort study. Cancer Res. 68:6435-6441.
Baan R, Grosse Y, Straif K, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Freeman C, Galichet L, et al. 2009. A review of human carcinogens -part F: chemical agents and related occupations. Lancet Oncol. 10:1143-1144.
Baars AJ, Theelen RMC, Janssen PJCM, Hesse JM, van Apeldoorn ME, Meijerink MCM, Verdam L, Zeilmaker MJ. 2001. Re-evaluation of human-toxicological maximum permissible risk levels. Report 711 701 025. Bilthoven: RIVM, Rijsinstituut voor volksgezondheid en milieu.
Barlow S, Dybing E, Edler L, Eisenbrand G, Kroes R, van den Brandt P. 2002. Food safety in Europe (FOSIE): risk assessment of chemical in food and diet. Food Chem Toxicol. 40:137-427.
Barlow S, Renwick AG, Kleiner J, Bridges JW, Busk L, Dybing E, Edler L, Eisenbrand G, Fink-Gremmels J, Knaap A, et al. 2006. Risk assessment of substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic- report of an international conference organised by EFSA and WHO with support of ILSI Europe. Food Chem Toxicol. 44:1636-1650.
Barlow SM, Grieg JB, Bridges JW, Carere A, Carpy AJM, Galli CL, Kleiner J, Knudsen I, Koeter HBWM, Levy LS, et al. 2002. Hazard identification by methods of animal-based toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol. 40:145-191.
Belpomme D, Irigaray P, Hardell L, Clapp R, Montagnier L, Epstein S, Sasco AJ. 2007. The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens. Environ Res. 105:414-429.
Boyle RW, Jonasson IR. 1973. The geochemistry of arsenic and its use as an indicator element in geochemical prospecting. J Geochem Explor. 2:251-296.
Brüschweiler BJ, Spriano D, Schlatter J. 2004. Gesundheitliche Risikobewertung der Toxaphen-Rückstände in Lebensmitteln. Mitt Lebensm Hyg. 95:162-189.
Campbell TC, Chen J, Liu C, Li J, Parpia B. 1990. Nonassociation of aflatoxin with primary liver cancer in a cross-sectional ecological survey in the People's Republic of China. Cancer Res. 50:6882-6893.
Carlisle JC, Dowling KC, Siegel DM, Alexeeff GV. 2009. A blood lead benchmark for assessing risks from childhood lead exposure. J Environ Sci Health, Part A. 44:1200-1208.
Cimenci O, Vandevijvere S, Goscinny S, Van Den Bergh M-A, Hanot V, Vinkx C, Bolle F, Van Loco J. 2013. Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to non-dioxin-like PCBs. Food Chem Toxicol. 59:670-679.
Clapp R, Howe G, LeFevre M. 2005. Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: review of recent scientific literature. Lowell (MA): The Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts, Lowell.
Colles A, Koppen G, Hanot V, Nelen V, Dewolf MC, Noël E, Malisch R, Kotz A, Kypke K, Biot P, Vinkx C, Schoeters G. 2008. Fourth WHO-coordinated survey of human milk for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): Belgian results. Chemosphere. 73:907-914.
Collins JJ, Budinsky RA, Burns CJ, Lamparski LL, Carson ML, Martin GD, Wilken M. 2006. Serum dioxin levels in former chlorophenol workers. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 16:76-84.
Cooper GS, Jones S. 2008. Pentachlorophenol and cancer risk: focusing the lens on specific chlorophenols and contaminants. Environ Health Perspect. 116:1001-1008.
Darnerud PO, Atuma S, Aune M, Bjerselius R, Glynn A, Petersson Grawé K, Becker W. 2006. Dietary intake estimations of organohalogen contaminants (dioxins, PCB, PBDE and chlorinated pesticides, e.g. DDT) based on Swedish market basket data. Food Chem Tox. 44:1597-1606.
De Vriese S, De Backer G, De Henauw S, Huybrechts I, Kornitzer K, Leveque A, Moreau M. 2005. The Belgian food consumption survey: aims, design and methods. Arch. Public Health. 63:1-65.
Demers PA, Davies HW, Friesen MC, Hertzman C, Ostry A, Hershler R, Teschke K. 2006. Cancer and occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol (Canada). Cancer Causes Control. 17:749-758.
[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. An inventory of sources and environmental releases of dioxin-like compounds in the United States for the years 1987, 1995, and 2000. Washington (DC): National Center for Environment Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. Toxicological review of pentachlorophenol. In: Support of summary information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). EPA/635/R-09/004F. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency.
[EPA] Environmental protection Agency. 2011a. Chlordane. Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemical Program. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency.
[EPA] Environmental protection Agency. 2011b. Toxaphene. Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemical Program. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency.
[EC] European Commission. 1978. Council Directive 79/117/EEC of 21 December 1978 which prohibited the placing on the market and use of plant protection products containing certain substances.
[EC] European Commission. 2000. Report of the EC Scientific Steering Committee's Working Group on Harmonisation of Risk Assessment Procedures in the Scientific Committees advising the European Commission in the area of human and environmental health-27-27 October 2000. Part 2. Appendix I- Glossary of terms.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2005a. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on a request from EFSA related to a harmonised approach for risk assessment of substances which are both genotoxic and carcinogenic (Request No EFSA-Q-2004-020). EFSA J. 280:1-31.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2005b. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the commission related to the presence of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in feed and food. EFSA J. 284:1-137.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2005c. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on request from the Commission related to gamma-HCH and other hexachlorocyclohexanes as undesirable substances in animal feed. EFSA J. 250:1-39.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2005d. Opinion of the Scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the Commission related to camphechlor as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J. 179:1-39.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2006a. Opinion of the Scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the commission related to DDT as an undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J. 433:1-69.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2006b. Opinion of the Scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on request from the Commission related to hexachlorobenzene as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J. 402:1-49.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2007a. Opinion of the Scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Commission on chlordane as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J. 582:1-52.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2007b. Opinion of the Scientific panel on contaminant in the food chain on a request from the European Commission related to heptachlor as an undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J. 478:1-48.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2009a. Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA J. 7:1351. [199pp.]
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2009b. Scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in food. EFSA J. 980:1-139.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2010a. Scientific opinion on lead in food. EFSA J. 8:1570. [147pp.]
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2010b. Scientific opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in food. EFSA J. 8:1789 [151 pp.].
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2010c. Results of the monitoring of non-dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed. EFSA J. 8:1701 [35 pp.].
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2011. Scientific opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in liver from sheep and deer. EFSA J. 9:2297 [71 pp.].
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2012a. Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population. EFSA J. 10:2551 [37 pp.].
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2012b. Scientific opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food. EFSA J. 10(12):2985 [241 pp.].
Epstein SS. 1994. Environmental and occupational pollutants are avoidable causes of breast cancer. Int J Health Serv. 24:145-150.
Epstein SS. 2004. Legislative proposals for reversing the cancer epidemic and controlling run-away industrial technologies. In: Nicolopoulou-Stomati P, Hens L, Howard CV, Van Larebeke N, editors. Cancer as an environmental disease. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher; p. 149-169.
Falandysz J. 2003. The use amount of chlordane, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in Poland. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 54(1):49-64. Polish.
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization). 1987. Pesticide residues in food-1986 evaluations. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 78/2. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues.
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 1995. Pesticide residues in food-1994. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Toxicological and Environmental Core Assessment Groups. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 127. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 2001. Pesticide residues in food - 2000. Evaluations. Part II - toxicology. Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues. Geneva: WHO.
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 2002a. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls. WHO Food Additives Series 48. Geneva: WHO.
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 2002b. Pesticide residues in food, Lindane, pp 181-186. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues; 2002 Sep 16-25; Rome. Geneva: WHO.
[FAO/WHO] Food and agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 2005. Evaluation of certain food contaminants. Sixty-fourth report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; 2005 Feb 8-17; Rome. WHO technical report series 930. Geneva: WHO.
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 2011. Evaluation of certain contaminants in food. Seventy-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series 959. Geneva: WHO.
Forsyth DS, Casey V, Dabeka RW, McKenzie A. 2004. Methylmercuy levels in predatory fish species marketed in Canada. Food Addit Contam. 21:849-856.
Fromberg A, Granby K, Højgård A, Fagt S, Larsen JC. 2011. Estimation of dietary intake of PCB and organochlorine pesticides for children and adults. Food Chem. 125:1179-1187.
Fu H, Boffetta P. 1995. Cancer and occupational exposure to inorganic lead compounds: a meta-analysis of published data. Occup Environ Med. 52:73-81.
Goodman JI, Brusick DJ, Busey WM, Cohen SM, Lamb JC, Starr TB. 2000. Reevaluation of cancer potency factor of toxaphene: recommendations from a peer review panel. Toxicol Sci. 55:3-16.
Hedli CC, Snyder R, Kinoshita FK, Steinberg M. 1998. Investigation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme induction and DNA adduct formation in male CD/1 mice following oral administration of toxaphene. J Appl Toxicol. 18:173-178.
Ibarluzea JM, Fernàndez MF, Santa-Marina L, Olea-Serrano MF, Rivas AM, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Expósito J, Lorenzo M, Torné P, Villalobos M, et al. 2004. Breast cancer risk and the combined effect of environmental estrogens. Cancer Causes Control. 15:591-600.
INERIS. 2005. 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL. Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques, INERIS-DRC-01-25590 01DR034.doc.
[IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1986. Some halogenated hydrocarbons and pesticide exposures. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 41. Lyon: World Health Organization; p. 261-292.
[IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1987. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs volumes 1 to 42. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 18. Lyon: World Health Organization.
[IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1991. Occupational exposures in insecticide application, and some pesticides. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 53. Lyon: World Health Organization; p. 440.
[IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1993. Beryllium, cadmium, mercury and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 58. Lyon: World Health Organization; p. 444.
[IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1999. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 53. Lyon: World Health Organization.
[IARC] International Agency on Research on Cancer. 2001. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work. Vol 79. Lyon: World Health Organization; p. 569.
[IARC] International Agency on Research on Cancer. 2006. Inorganic and organic lead compounds - summary of data reported and evaluation. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 87. Lyon: World Health Organization.
[IARC] International Agency on Research on Cancer. 2012. Metals, arsenic, dusts and fibres. A review of human carcinogens. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 100C. Lyon: World Health Organization; p. 501.
Kellen E, Zeegers MP, Hond ED, Buntinx F. 2007. Blood cadmium may be associated with bladder carcinogenesis: the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer. Cancer Detect Prev. 31:77-82.
Koçak M, Akçil E. 2006. The effects of chronic cadmium toxicity on the hemostatic system. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 35:411-416.
Larsen JC. 2006. Risk assessment of chemicals in European traditional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol. 17:471-481.
Lauwerys R, Haufroid V, Hoet P, Lison D. 2007. Toxicologie industrielle et intoxications professionnelles. 5e édition. Paris: Masson.
LDAI. 2008. Voluntary risk assessment report on lead and some inorganic lead compounds - human health section - final draft status 4 March 2008. Prepared by ILZRO and EBRC Consulting under contract of the LDAI Lead Risk Assessment Working Group [Internet]. [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://echa.europa.eu/chem_data/transit_measures/vrar_en.asp
McElroy JA, Shafer MM, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. 2006. Cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Instit Monographs. 98:869-873.
McLean D, Eng A, Walls C, Dryson E, Harawira J, Cheng S, Wong KC, Mannetje A, Gray M, Shoemack P, Smith A, Pearce N. 2009. Serum dioxin levels in former New Zealand sawmill workers twenty years after exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP) ceased. Chemosphere. 74:962-967.
National Toxicology Program. 1993. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of o-Nitroanisole (CAS No. 91-23-6) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). NTP Technical Report Series no. 416, NIH Publication no. 93-3147. Research Triangle Park (NC): National Toxicology Program. 482 pp.
Nawrot T, Plusquin M, Hogervorst J, Roels HA, Celis H, Thijs L, Vangronsveld J, Van Hecke E, Staessen JA. 2006. Environmental exposure to cadmium and risk of cancer: a prospective population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 7:119-126.
Newby JA, Howard CV. 2006. Environmental influences in cancer aetiology. J Nutr Env Med. 15:56-114.
Nordic Council of Ministers. 1997. Nordic risk assessment of toxaphene exposure. TemaNord 1997:540, ISBN 92-893-0041-8.
Nougadère A, Reninger JC, Volatier JL, Leblanc JC. 2011. Chronic dietary risk characterization for pesticide residues: a ranking and scoring method integrating agricultural uses and food contamination data. Food Chem Toxicol. 49:1484-1510.
O'Brien J, Renwick AG, Constable A, Dybing E, Müller DJG, Schlatter J, Slob W, Tueting W, van Benthem J, Williams GM, Wolfreys A. 2006. Approaches to the risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens in food: A critical appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol. 44:1613-1635.
Olaniran AO, Igbinosa EO. 2011. Chlorophenols and other related derivatives of environmental concern: properties, distribution and microbial degradation processes. Chemosphere. 83:1297-1306.
Renwick AG, Barlow S, Hertz-Picciotto I, Boobis AR, Dybing E, Edler L, Eisenbrand G, Grieg JB, Kleiner J, Lambe J, et al. 2003. Risk characterisation of chemicals in food and diet. Food Cheml Toxicol. 41:1211-1271.
RIVM. 2001. Toxaphene exposure in the Netherlands. RIVM report 604502003. Bilthoven: Institute of Public Health and the Environment.
Sci Com. 2009. Avis 36-2009 Estimation de l'exposition au plomb par la population belge (dossier Sci Com N°2009/14) [Internet]. [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://www.favv-afsca.fgov.be/comitescientifique/avis/_documents /AVIS36-2009_FR_DOSSIER2009-14_000.pdf
Sci Com. 2013. Avis 01-2013 Risques des substances carcinogènes et/ou génotoxiques dans les denrées alimentaires: Contaminants environnementaux (dossier Sci Com 2011/04: auto-saisine) [Internet]. [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://www.favv-afsca.fgov.be/comitescientifique/avis/_documents/AVIS01-2013_FR_DOSSIERSciCom 2011-04_000.pdf
Sci Com and CSS. 2011. AVIS CONJOINT Sci Com 06-2011 et CSS N°8726. Risques de migration dans les théières traditionnelles en métal (Sci Com 2011/07-CSS N°8726) [Internet]. [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from: http://www.favv-afsca.fgov.be/comitescientifique/avis/_documents/AVIS06-2011_FR_DOSSIER2011-07.pdf
Scientific Committee on Food. 2001. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food adopted on 30 May. Update based on new scientific information available since the Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants, Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls adoption of the SCF opinion of 22 November 2000. European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, 2001.
Sioen I. 2007. The nutritional-toxicological conflict related to seafood consumption [thesis]. Gent: Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Public Health, University of Gent.
SPECAS. 2010. Speciatie van arseen in vis en andere voedingswaren - Eindverslag Project RF 6205 (SPECAS). Contractueel onderzoek 1/02/2009-31/07/2010.
Steenland K, Boffetta P. 2000. Lead and cancer in humans: where are we now? Am J Ind Med. 38:295-299.
Stockholm Convention. 2008. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) [Internet]. [cited 2013 Oct 25]. Available from http://chm.pops.int/Home/tabid/2121/language/en-GB/Default.aspx
[EPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. PCBs: Cancer Dose-Response Assessment and Application to Environmental Mixtures. EPA/600/P-96/001F. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency.
United Nations Environment Programme. 2012. State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Bergman A, Heindel JJ, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Thomas Zoeller R, editors. Geneva: WHO.
Verougstraete V, Lison D, Hotz P. 2003. Cadmium, lung and prostate cancer: a systematic review of recent epidemiological data. J Toxicol Environ Health. 6:227-255.
Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet. 2008. Risk assessment of non-dioxin-like PCBs in Norwegian food. Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. ISBN: 978-82-8082-236-9.
Vogt R, Bennett D, Cassady D, Frost J, Ritz B, Hertz-Picciotto I. 2012. Cancer and non-cancer health effects from food contaminant exposures for children and adults in California: a risk assessment. Environ Health. 11:1-14.
Vromman V, Waegeneers N, Cornelis C, De Boosere I, Van Holderbeke M, Vinkx C, Smolders E, Huyghebaert A, Pussemier L. 2010. Dietary cadmium intake by the Belgian adult population. Food addit Contam, Part A. 27:1665-1673.
Windal I, Vandevijvere S, Maleki M, Goscinny S, Vinkx C, Focant JF, Eppe G, Hanot V, Van Loco J. 2010. Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population. Chemosphere. 79:334-340.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 1989. Chlorophenols other than pentachlorophenol. Environmental Health Criteria 93. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 1994. Polybrominated biphenyls. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 152. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 1997. Hexachlorobenzene. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 195. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2000. International Programme on Chemical Safety Poisons Information Monograph 574 Chemical. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2006. Heptachlor. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 70. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2008. Guidance for identifying populations at risk from mercury exposure. IOMC, UNEP report. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2009. Principles for modeling dose-response for the risk assessment of chemicals. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 239. Geneva: WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2011. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants Seventy-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). WHO Technical report series 960. Geneva: WHO.
Zheng WW, Yu H, Wang X, Qu WD. 2012. Systematic review of pentachlorophenol occurrence in the environment and in humans in China: not a negligible health risk due to the re-emergence of schistosomiasis. Environ Int. 42:105-116.
