Development of benchmark models for the Egyptian residential buildings sector

[en] The aim of this study is to develop representative simulation building energy data sets and benchmark models for the Egyptian residential sector. This study reports the results of a recent field survey for residential apartment buildings in Egypt. Two building performance simulation models are created reflecting the average energy consumption characteristics of air-conditioned residential apartments in Alexandria, Cairo and Asyut. Aiming for future evaluation of the cost and energy affects of the new Egyptian energy standard this study established two detailed models describing the energy use profiles for air-conditioners, lighting, domestic hot water and appliances in respect to buildings layout and construction. Using EnergyPlus simulation tool the collected surveyed data was used as input for two building simulation models. The simulation models were verified against the apartment characteristic found in the survey. This paper presents details of the building models including the energy use patterns and profiles created for this study.

Disciplines :

Architecture
Energy

Author, co-author :

Attia, Shady ; Université Catholique de Louvain – UCL > Ecole Polytechnique de Louvain > Architecture et climat > 2012

Evrard, Arnaud; Université Catholique de Louvain – UCL > Ecole Polytechnique de Louvain > Architecture et climat > 2012

Gratia, Elisabeth; Université Catholique de Louvain – UCL > Ecole Polytechnique de Louvain > Architecture et climat > 2012

Language :

English

Title :

Development of benchmark models for the Egyptian residential buildings sector

Publication date :

June 2012

Journal title :

Applied Energy

ISSN :

0306-2619

eISSN :

1872-9118

Publisher :

Elsevier

Volume :

Pages :

270-284

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261912000712

Available on ORBi :

since 04 March 2014

Statistics

Number of views

428 (32 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

1606 (19 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

118

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

105

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

131

Bibliography

Boko M., Niang I., Nyong A., Vogel C., Githeko A., Medany M., et al. Africa. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.
Abdallah H. Energy efficiency and the Egyptian economy. OPEC Rev 1995, 19(3):263-281.
Abdel-Razek R. Factor affecting construction quality in Egypt: identification and relative importance. Eng Construct Architect Manage 1998, 5(3):220-227.
El Araby M.M. Urban growth and environmental degradation the case of Cairo Egypt. Cities 2002, 19(6):389-400.
Fahmi W., Sutton K. Greater Cairo's housing crisis: contested spaces from inner city areas to new communities. Cities 2008, 25(5):277-297. ISSN 0264-2751.
CAPMAS. The final results of population and housing census 2006. Cairo: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; 2008.
EEHC. Annual Report: Egyptian Electricity Holding Company. Cairo; 2008.
MTI. A study on the apartment appliances market in Egypt: Ministry of trade and industry, Cairo; 2004 [in Arabic].
IDA. Annual report: industrial development agency, Cairo; 2003 [in Arabic].
Mourtada A. National consultation on Egypt's policies for energy efficiency in buildings in Egypt: energy efficiency codes in the policy mix. JCEE. MED-ENEC. Cairo; 2009. [retrieved 10.10.10]. http://www.jcee-eg.net/download.asp?path=library/NC%20Building%20energy%20Egypt%2009%20report%20090615.doc.
Soliman A. Legitimizing informal housing: accommodating low-income groups in Alexandria, Egypt. Environ Urban 1996, 8(1):183-194.
Georgy R., Soliman A. Energy efficiency and renewable energy Egypt-national study 2007, NREA, Cairo.
UNHDR. United Nations Human Development Report. Egypt Human Development Report; 2010 [retrieved 17.11.10]. http://www.undp.org.eg/Default.aspx?tabid=227.
Huang J, Deringer J, Krarti M, Masud J. The development of residential and commercial building energy standards for Egypt. Energy Conservation in Buildings Workshop Proceedings. Kuwait; 2003. p. 1-16.
HBRC. Egyptian code for energy efficiency improvement in buildings 2006: ECP306. Cairo: Housing and Building Research Center; 2005.
Khalil E. Energy efficiency in residential and commercial buildings: codes and standards. Global conference on renewable and energy efficiency for desert regions, Amman; 2009.
Aydinalp M., Ugursal V., Fung A. Modeling of the appliance, lighting and space cooling energy consumptions in the residential sector using neural networks. Appl Energy 2002, 71:87-110.
Sozen A., Arcaklioglu E., Ozkaymak M. Turkey's net energy consumption. Appl Energy 2005, 81(2):209-221.
Azadeh A., Ghaderi S.F., Sohrabkhani S. A simulated-based neural network algorithm for forecasting electrical energy consumption in Iran. Energy Policy 2008, 36(7):2637-2644.
Karatasou S., Santamouris M., Geros V. Modeling and predicting building's energy use with artificial neural networks: methods and results. Energy Build 2006, 38(8):949-958.
Gonzalez P., Zamarreno J. Prediction of hourly energy consumption in buildings based on a feedback artificial neural network. Energy Build 2005, 37(6):595-601.
Abdel-Aal R.E., Al-Garni A.Z., Al-Nassar Y.N. Modelling and forecasting monthly electric energy consumption in eastern Saudi Arabia using abductive networks. Energy 1997, 22(9):911-921.
Bianco V., Manca O., Nardini S. Electricity consumption forecasting in Italy using linear regression models. Energy 2009, 34(9):1413-1421.
Bianco V, Manca O, Nardini S. Linear regression models to forecast electricity consumption in Italy. Energy Sources, Part B: Econ Plan Policy, in press.
Ranjan M., Jain V.K. Modelling of electrical energy consumption in Delhi. Energy 1999, 24(4):351-361.
Abosedra S., Dah A., Ghosh S. Electricity consumption and economic growth, the case of Lebanon. Appl Energy 2009, 86:429-432.
Mohamed Z., Bodger P. Forecasting electricity consumption in New Zealand using economic and demographic variables. Energy 2005, 30(10):1833-1843.
Pachauri S. An analysis of cross-sectional variations in total household energy requirements in India using micro survey data. Energy Policy 2004, 32:1723-1735.
Murata A., Kondou Y., Hailin M., Weisheng Z. Electricity demand in the Chinese urban household-sector. Appl Energy 2008, 85(12):1113-1125.
Mansouri I., Newborough M., Probert D. Energy consumption in UK households: impact of domestic electrical appliances. Appl Energy 1996, 54(3):211-285.
Lam J. An analysis of residential sector energy use in Hong Kong. Energy 1996, 21(1):1-8.
Xiaohua W., Zhenming F. Rural household energy consumption in Yangzhong county of Jiangsu province in China. Energy 1997, 22(12):1159-1162.
Lam J. Residential sector air conditioning loads and electricity use in Hong Kong. Energy Convers Manage 2000, 41:1757-1768.
Geoffrey T., Kelvin Y. A study of domestic energy usage patterns in Hong Kong. Energy 2003, 28:1671-1682.
Wan K., Yik F. Representative building design and internal load patterns for modelling energy use in residential buildings in Hong Kong. Appl Energy 2004, 77:69-85.
Wan K., Yik F. Building design and energy end-use characteristics of high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong. Appl Energy 2004, 78:19-36.
Macmillan S, Köhler J. Modelling energy use in the global building stock: a pilot survey to identify available data sources. Technical Report 6. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; 2004.
Khalil E. Energy performance of buildings directive in Egypt: a new direction. HBRC J 2005, 1(11):197-213.
OEP/DRTPC. Energy consumption survey on the residential sector in Cairo. Development Research and Technological Planning Center. Cairo University; 1999.
Abu-Alam Y. UNDP/GEF Project in Egypt energy efficiency improvement and greenhouse gas reduction. IEEE Proc 2000, 1:648-650.
GEF, UNDP. Energy survey and environmental indicators in the residential sector in greater Cairo. Energy efficiency improvement and greenhouse gas reduction project Cairo; 2003.
Khalil E. Baseline Study for Egypt, Energy efficiency in the construction sector in Mediterranean, energy Research Center Faculty of engineering; Cairo University; 2006. http://www.med-enec.com/sites/default/files/user_files/downloads/EGY%20Baseline%20study.pdf.
UNDP Egypt Office. In: Fact: energy efficiency improvement and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction. September 17th; 2003 [retrieved 09.05.10]. http://www.undp.org.eg/programme/updated%20factsheets/ENV/EGY_97_G31.pdf.
ECEP/DRTPC. Residential Energy Survey and Environmental Indicators in Greater Cairo. Report prepare by the Energy Conservation and Environmental program at Development Research and Technological planning Center. Cairo: University and the Organization for Energy Planning; 2001.
OEP, AU. Analysis of energy consumption pattern and environmental indicators for the residential sector of Asyut city. Cairo: Asyut University, Faculty of Engineering, Organization for Energy Planning; 2002.
Aziz S., Guindi S.E., Shobokshi H.E., Osman H., Adham R. Residential building survey in Cairo and Alexandria, final report for the building energy code project 2001, Housing and Building Research Centre, Cairo.
Aziz S. General building survey - building energy code project: housing and building research centre. Cairo; 2003.
Michel S, Elsayed H. Examples of low energy design at urban scale in Egypt. In: 26th international PLEA conference, Geneva; 2006. p. 885-90.
Attia S, De Herde A. Impact and potentials of community scale low-energy retrofit: case study in Cairo. In: international SASBE conference, 2009. Delft http://www.sasbe2009.com/proceedings/documents/SASBE2009_paper_IMPACT_AND_POTENTIAL_OF_COMMUNITY_SCALE_LOW-ENERGY_RETROFIT_-_CASE_STUDY_IN_CAIRO.pdf.
Zhang Q. Residential energy consumption in China and its comparison with Japan, Canada, and USA. Energy Build 2004, 36(12):1217-1225.
Swan L.G., Ugursal V.I. Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: a review of modeling techniques. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2009, 13(8):1819-1835.
DOE. EnergyPlus;2010.[retrieved 01.05.10]. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/.
EMA. Egyptian Meteorological Authority. Cairo: Egyptian Meteorological Authority; 2010.[retrieved 01.04.10]. http://www.ema.gov.eg/map?menu=3&lang=en.
Attia S, De Herde A. Bioclimatic architecture: design strategies in Egypt. In: international Sustainable Energy Technologies Conference. Aachen; 2009.
Abdelhafiz F. Study on the apartment appliance in the Egyptian market and its export potential. Industrial Development Authority, Ministry of Trade and Industry. Cairo; 2004; [in Arabic] [retrieved 01.04.10]. http://www.tpegypt.gov.eg/ArStudies/d_elagalhaza.pdf.
INCOM. A study on the penetration of iron machines, fans, and mixer in Egyptian apartments for Advanced System Company. Cairo; 2008 [in Arabic].
Fanger P.O. Thermal comfort: analysis and applications in environments engineering 1970, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen.
EN ISO 7730. Ergonomics of the thermal environment - analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 2005.
AHSRAE. ASHRAE Standard 55: thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. American Society of Heating. Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers; 2004. p.35.
Sivak M. Potential energy demand for cooling in the 50 largest metropolitan areas of the world: implications for developing countries. Energy Policy 2009, 37:13821384.
Lam J.C., Wan K.K.W., Wong S.L., Lam T.N.T. Long-term trends of heat stress and energy use implications in subtropical climates. Appl Energy 2010, 87(2):608-612.
Bojic M., Nilolic N., Nikolic D., Skerlic J., Miletic I. Toward a positive-net-energy residential building in Serbian conditions. Appl Energy 2011, 88(7):2407-2419.
Attia S, De Herde A. Strategic decision making for zero energy buildings in hot climates. In: International EuroSun Conference. Graz; 2010.
Khattab AS. The impact of reducing energy subsidies on energy intensive industries in Egypt. ECES Working paper No.124; 2007.
Hanna G. Energy analysis for new residential buildings in Egypt. In: International future vision and challenges for urban development conference. Cairo; 2004.