Adams J.M., Faure H., Faure-Denard L., McGlade J.M., Woodward F.I. (1990) Increase in terrestrial carbon storage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present. Nature 348:711-714.
Algeo T.J., Scheckler S.E. (1998) Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: Links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond 353 B:113-130.
Algeo T.J., Berner R.A., Maynard J.B., Scheckler S.E. (1995) Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises: "Rooted" in the evolution of vascular land plants?. GSA Today 5(3):63-66.
Alvarez L.W., Alvarez W., Asaro F., Michel H.V. (1980) Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Science 208:1095-1108.
Andrade S.M., Daemon R.F. (1974) Litoestratigrafia e bioestratigrafia do flanco sudoeste da Bacia do Parnaiba (Devoniano e Carbonífero). 28th Congr. Brasil. Geol , Porto Alegre. Anais; 2:129-137.
Arthur M.A., Dean W.A., Pratt L.M. (1988) Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary. Nature 355:714-717.
Avkhimovitch V.I., Byvsheva T.V., Higgs K., Streel M., Umnova V.T. (1988) Miospore systematics and stratigraphic correlation of Devonian-Carboniferous boundary deposits in the European part of the USSR and western Europe. CFS. Cour , Forschungsinst. Senckenberg; 100:169-191.
Avkhimovitch V.I., Nekryata N.S., Obukhovskaya T.G. (1988) Devonian palynostratigraphy of the Pripyat depression, Byelorussia. Devonian of the World. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem , McMillan N.J., Embry A.F., Glass D.J. (Eds.); 14(3):559-566.
Avkhimovitch V.I., Tchibrikova E.V., Obukhovskaya T.G., Nazarenko A.M., Umnova V.T., Raskatova L.G., Mantsurova V.N., Loboziak S., Street M. (1993) Middle and upper devonian miospore zonation of eastern Europe. Bull. Cent. Rech. Expl. Prod. Elf-Aquitaine 17(1):79-147.
Balinski A. (1996) Frasnian-Famennian brachiopod faunal extinction dynamics: An example from southern Poland. Brachiopods. Proc. Third Int. Brachiopod Congr , Copper P., Jisuo J. (Eds.). Sudbury. Canada. 2-5 Sept. 1995. A.A. Balkema. Rotterdam; 319-324.
Bambach R.K., Algeo T.J., Thorez J., Witzke B.G. (1999) Dynamics of Devonian paleogeography and paleoclimatic implications for expanding Archaeopteris forests. XVI Int. Bot. Congr , St. Louis. USA Abstracts; 13.
Bär P., Riegel W. (1974) Les microflores des séries paléozoíques du Ghana (Afrique occidentale) et leurs relations paléofloristiques. Palynologie Et Dérive Des Continents. Sci. Geol. Bull , Sittler. C. (Ed.); 27(1-2):39-58.
Becker G., Bless M.J.M., Streel M., Thorez J. (1974) Palynology and ostracode distribution in the upper Devonian and basal Dinantian of Belgium and their dependence on sedimentary facies. Meded. Rijks Geol. Dienst. Nieuwe Ser , (Neth.); 25(2):9-99.
Becker R.T. (1993) Analysis of Ammonoid palaeogeography in relation to the global Hangenberg (terminal Devonian) and Lower Alum Shale (Middle Tournaisian) events. Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 115(2):459-473.
Becker R.T. (1996) New faunal records and holostratigraphic correlation of the Hasselbachtal D/C-Boundary Auxiliary Stratotype (Germany). Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 117(1):19-45.
Bennett M.R., Glasser N.F. Glacial Geology. Ice Sheets and Landforms , Wiley, New York. 1996; 1999, 364.
Berner R.A. (1993) Paleozoic atmospheric CO2: Importance of solar radiation and plant evolution. Science 236:68-70.
Berner R.A. (1999) Plants, rock weathering, and paleozoic climate change. XVI Int. Bot. Congr , St. Louis, USA. Abstracts; 161.
Bless M.J.M., Becker R.T., Higgs K., Paproth E., Streel M. (1993) Eustatic cycles around the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and the sedimentary and fossil record in Sauerland (Federal Republic of Germany). Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 115(2):689-702.
Bouckaert J., Mouravieff A., Streel M., Thorez J., Ziegler W. (1972) The Frasnian-Famennian Boundary in Belgium. Geol. Palaeontol 6:87-92.
Boucot A.J. (1988) Devonian biogeography: An update. Devon6ian of the World. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem , McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., Glass, D.J. (Eds.); 14(3):211-227.
Boulter M.C., Spicer R.A., Thomas B.A. (1998) Patterns of plant extinction from some palaeobotanical evidences. Extinction and Survival in the Fossil Record. Syst. Assoc. Spec , Larwood, G.P. (Ed.); 34:1-36.
Braman D.R., Hills L.V. (1992) Upper Devonian and lower carboniferous miospores, western District of Mackenzie and Yukon Territory. Canada. Palaeontogr. Can 8:1-97.
Brand U. (1989) Global climatic changes during the Devonian-Mississippian: Stable isotope biogeochemistry of brachiopods. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol 75:311-329.
Brand U. (1993) Global perspective of Famennian-Tournaisian oceanography: Geochemical analysis of brachiopods. Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 115(2):491-496.
Brand U., Legrand-Blain M. (1993) Paleoecology and biogeochemistry of Brachiopods from the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary interval of the Griotte Formation. La Serre. Montagne noire, France. Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 115(2):497-505.
Bratton J.F., Berry W.B.N., Morrow J.R. (1999) Anoxia pre-dates Frasnian-Famennian boundary mass extinction horizon in the Great basin. USA. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol 154:275-292.
Brenchley P.J., Marshall J.D., Carden G.A.F., Robertson D.B.R., Long D.G.F., Meidla T., Hints L., Anderson T.F. (1994) Bathymetric and isotopic evidence for a short-lived Late Ordovician glaciation in a greenhouse period. Geology 22:295-298.
Broecker W.S., Denton G.H. (1989) The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53:2465-2501.
Brooks C.E.P. Climate Through the Ages , rev. edn. McGraw-Hill, New York; 1949, 395.
Buggisch W. (1991) The global Frasnian-Famennian "Kellwasser Event". Geol , Rundsch; 80:49-72.
Bultynck P., Martin F. (1995) Assessment of an old stratotype: The Frasnian/Famennian boundary at Senzeilles. Southern Belgium. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. Sci , Terre; 65:5-34.
Byvsheva T.V., Higgs K., Streel M. (1984) Spore correlation between the Rhenish Slate Mountains and the Russian Platform near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. CFS. Cour , Forschungsinst. Senckenberg; 67:37-45.
Caplan M.L., Bustin R.M. (1999) Devonian-Carboniferous Hangenberg mass extinction event, widespread organic-rich mudrock and anoxia: Causes and consequences. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol 148:187-207.
Caputo M.V. (1985) Late Devonian glaciation in South America. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol 51:291-317.
Caputo M.V. (1994) Atmospheric CO2 depletion as glaciation and biotic extinction agent: The Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous glacial examples. Bol. Resumos Expandidos Simpósio Geol. Amazônia, Soc, Bras. Geol 4:194-197.
Caputo M.V. (1995) Anti-greenhouse effect as a glaciation and biotic crisis triggering agent: The Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous glacial cases. Acad. Bras. Cieno , (Rio de Janeiro). Resumo Comun; 67(3):390.
Caputo M.V., Crowell J.C. (1985) Migration of glacial centers across Gondwana during Paleozoic Era. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 96:1020-1036.
Carozzi A.V., Falkenheim F.U.H., Carneiro R.G., Esteves F.R., Contreiras C.J.A. (1975) Análise ambiental e evolucāo: Tectônica sinsedimentar da seção silutro-eocarbonífera da Bacia do Maranhão. Petrobrás/Cenpes. Ciência-Técnica-Petréoleo: Secao: Explor., Petrol , ÷ appendix; 7:1-48.
Casier J.-G., Devleeschouwer X. (1995) Arguments (Ostracodes) pour une régression culminant à proximité de la limite Frasnien-Famennien. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg., Sci , Nat. Belg., Sci. Terre; 65:51-68.
Censier C., Henry B., Horen H., Lang J. (1995) Age dévonocarbonifere de la formation glaciaire de la Mambéré (République Centrafricaine): Arguments paléomagnétiques et géologiques. Bull. Soc. Geol , France; 166(1):23-35.
Claeys P. (1993) Geochemical and Sedimentological Record of Impact Events in Earth History: Examples from the Late Pliocene. Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary and Frasnian-Famennian Boundary, Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. California-Davis; .
Claeys P., Casier J.G., Margolis S.V. (1992) Microtektite glass at the Frasnian/Famennian boundary in Belgium: Evidence for an asteroid impact. Science 257:1102-1104.
Claeys P., Kyte F.T., Casier J.G. (1994) Frasnian-Famennian boundary Mass extinction, anoxic oceans, microtektite layers, but not much Iridium?. LPI Contrib 825:22-24.
Claeys P., Kyte F.T., Herbosch A., Casier J.G. (1996) Geochemistry of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in Belgium: Mass extinction, anoxic oceans and microtektite layer, but not much iridium. The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, Spec. Pap.-Geol. Soc. Am , Ryder, G., Fastovsky, D., Gartner, S. (Eds.). Boulder, Colorado; 307:491-504.
Claoué-Long J.C., Jones P.J., Roberts J., Maxwell S. (1992) The numerical age of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Geol. Mag 129(3):281-291.
Claoué-Long J.C., Jones P.J., Roberts J. (1993) The age of the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary. Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 115(2):531-549.
Cockell C.S. (1999) Crises and extinction in the fossil record - A role for ultraviolet radiation?. Paleobiology 25(2):212-225.
Conant L.C., Swanson V.E. (1961) Chattanooga Shale and related rocks of central Tennessee and nearby areas. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap , (U.S.); 237:91.
Copper P. (1977) Palaeolatitudes in the Devonian of Brazil and the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol 21:165-207.
Copper P. (1986) Frasnian-Famennian mass extinctions and cold water oceans. Geology 14:835-838.
Copper P. (1998) Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction: Comparing brachiopod faunas. Acta Palaeontol. Pol 43(2):137-154.
Coquel R., Moreau-Benoit A. (1986) Les spores des Séries struniennes et tournaisiennes de Libye occidentale. Rev. Micropaleontol 29:17-43.
Cowie J.W., Ziegler W., Remane J. (1989) Stratigraphic Commission accelerates progress, 1984-1989. Episodes 12:79-83.
Cressler W.L., Daeschler E.B. (1999) Site analysis of an Archaeopteris-dominated community. Red Hill. Pennsylvania. XVI Int. Bot. Congr , St. Louis. USA. Abstracts; 14.
Crowell J.C. (1999) Pre-Mesozoic Ice Ages: Their bearing on understanding the climate system. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem 192:106.
Crowell J.C., Frakes L.A. (1970) Phanerozoic glaciation and the causes of ice ages. Am J. Sci 268:193-224.
Crowell J.C., Frakes L.A. (1972) Late Paleozoic glaciation: Karroo Basin. South Africa. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 83(PART 5):2887-2912.
Crowley T.J., North G.R. (1988) Abrupt climate change and extinction events in Earth history. Science 240:996-1002.
Daemon R.F. (1974) Palinomorfos-guias do Devoniano Superior e Carbonifero Inferior das Bacias do Amazonas e Parnaíba. Ann. Acad. Bras. Cienc 46(3-4):549-587.
Daemon R.F. (1976) Correlação bioestratigráfica entre os sedimentos do Siluriano. Devoniano e Carbonifero Inferior das bacias do Amazonas. Parnaíba e Paraná. 29th Congr. Bras. Geol , Ouro Preto. Anais; 2:189-194.
Daemon R.F., Contreiras C.J.A. (1971) Zoneamento palinológico da Bacia do Amazonas. 25th Congr. Bras. Geol , Sāo Paulo. Anais; 3:79-88.
Dennison J.M., Boucot A.J. (1974) Little war gap at clinch mountain provides standard reference section for Silurian Clinch Mountain Sandstone and most nearly complete Devonian section in eastern Tennessee. Southeast Geol 16:79-101.
Devleeschouwer X. La Transition Frasnien-Famennien (Dévonien Supérieur) En Europe: Sédimentologie, Stratigraphie Séquentielle Et Susceptibilité Magnétique , Thèse doctorat Univ. libre de Bruxelles et Université Sc. et Techn. Lille; 1999, 412.
Diaz E., Isaacson P.E., Lema J.C., Christensen K.L., Vavrdova M., Antelo B. (1993) Significance of a late Devonian (Famennian) glacial marine diamictite, Northern Altiplano. Buenos-Aires , Bolivia, C.R. XII ICCP; 1:293-304.
Diaz E., Palmer B.A., Lema J.C. (1993) The Carboniferous sequence of the Northern Altiplano of Bolivia: From glacial-marine to carbonate deposition. Buenos-Aires , C.R.XII ICCP; 2:203-222.
Diaz E., Vavrdova M., Bek J., Isaacson P.E. (1999) Late Devonian (Famennian) Glaciation in Western Gondwana: Evidence from the Central Andes. Stratigraphy and Biota. Abh. Geol , Feist, R. Talent, J.A., Daurer. A. (Eds.). North Gondwana: Mid-Paleozoic Terranes. (Austria) Bundesanst; 54:213-237.
Dickins J.M. (1993) Climate of the late Devonian to Triassic. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 100:89-94.
Dreesen R. (1986) Event-Stratigraphy of the Belgian Famennian (Uppermost Devonian Ardennes Shelf). Rhenish Massif. Structure. Evolution. Mineral Deposits and Present Geodynamics , Vogel, A. Miller. H. Greiling, R. (Eds.). The Brauschweig/Wiesbaden; 22-36.
Dreesen R., Poty E., Streel M., Thorez J. (1993) Late Famennian to Namurian in the eastern Ardenne, Belgium. I.U.G.S. Subcom. Carb. Strat. Guidebook , Liège University. Liège; 60.
Fairon-Demaret M. (1986) Some uppermost Devonian megafloras: A stratigraphical review. Ann. Soc. Geol , Belg; 109:43-48.
Fairon-Demaret M., Scheckler S.E. (1987) Typification and re-description of Moresnetia zalesskyi Stockmans. 1948, an early seed plant from the Upper Famennian of Belgium. Bull. Inst. R. Sci , Nat. Belg., Sci. Terre; 57:183-199.
Fisher A.G., Arthur M.A. (1977) Secular variations in the pelagic realm. Spec. Publ.-Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral 25:19-50.
Fordham B.G. (1992) Chronometric calibration of mid-Ordovician to Tournaisian conodont zones: A compilation from recent graphic-correlation and isotope studies. Geol. Mag 129:709-721.
Frakes L.A., Francis J.E., Syktus J.I. Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic , Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge; 1992, 274.
Geldsetzer H.H.J., Goodfellow W.D., McLaren D.J., Orchard M.J. (1985) The Frasnian-Famennian boundary near Jasper. Geol. Soc. Am , Alberta, Canada (Abstract with programs); 17:589.
Girard C. (1994) Conodont biofacies and event stratigraphy across the D/C Boundary in the stratotype area (Montagne Noire, France). CFS, Cour , Forschungsinst Senckenberg; 168:299-309.
Girard C. (1995) Les biofacies à conodontes à la limite Frasnien/Famennien en Montagne Noire (France). Implications Stratigraphiques. C.R. Acad. Sci , Paris; 321:689-692.
Gradstein F.M., Ogg J. (1996) A Phanerozoic timescale. Episodes 19:3-5.
Hallam A. Phanerozoic Sea-level Changes, Columbia University Press, New York; 1992.
Hallam A., Wignall P.B. Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath , Oxford University Press. Oxford; 1997, 320.
Hallam A., Wignall P.B. (1999) Mass extinctions and sea-level changes. Earth Sci. Rev 48:217-250.
Heckel P.H., Witzke B.J. (1979) Devonian world palaeogeography determined from distribution of carbonates and related lithic palaeoclimatic indicators. The Devonian System. Spec. Pap. Palaeontol , House, M.R. Scrutton. C.T., Bassett, M.G. (Eds.); 23:99-123.
Herbosch A., Claeys P., Kyte F. (1996) Etude géochimique de la limite Frasnien-Famennien à Hony (Belgique). 17th IAS Regional African-European Meeting of Sedimentology , Spox (Tunisie) Abstract; 76.
Herbosch A., Claeys P., Kyte F. (1997) Anoxic event geochemistry at Frasnian-Famennian Boundary in Belgium. Erlanger Geol. Abh , (Abstracts); 122:27.
Herbosch A., Préat A., Devleeschouwer X. (1997) Géochimie et sédimentologie de la limite Frasnien-Famennien dans le stratotype de Coumiac (Montagne Noire, France). 6ème Congrès De I' A.S.F. Montpellier , Abstract; 87.
Higgs K., Streel M. (1994) Palynological age for the lower part of the Hangenberg Shales in Sauerland. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg , Germany; 116(2):243-247.
Higgs K., Clayton G., Keegan J.B. (1988) Stratigraphic and systematic palynology of the Tournaisian rocks of Ireland. Geol. Surv. Irel , (Spec. Pap.); 7:1-93.
Higgs K., Streel M., Korn D., Paproth E. (1993) Palynological data from the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds in the new Stockum Trench II and the Hasselbach Borehole. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg , Northern Rhenish Massif, Germany; 115(2):551-557.
Holser W.T. (1977) Catastrophic chemical events in the history of ocean. Nature 267:403-408.
House M. (1985) Correlation of mid-Palaeozoic ammonoid evolutionary events with global sedimentary perturbations. Nature 313:17-22.
House M. (1989) Ammonoid extinction events. Philos, Trans. R. Soc. London 325:307-326.
House M. (1996) An Eocanites fauna from the early Carboniferous of Chile and its palaeogeographic implications. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 117(1):95-105.
Isaacson P.E., Hladil J., Shen J.-W., Kalvoda J., Grader G. (1999) Late devonian (Famennian) glaciation in South America and marine offlap on other continents. Stratigraphy and Biota. Abh. Geol. Bundesanst , Feist, R. Talent, J.A., Daurer, A. (Eds.) North Gondwana: Mid-Paleozoic Terranes; 54:239-257.
Jarvis D.E. The Stratigraphic Palynology, Palynofacies and Sedimentology of the Devonian-Carboniferous Kiltorcan Formation of Southern Ireland , Ph.D. Thesis. Cork; 1992, 467.
Jeans C.V., Long D., Hall M.A., Bland D.J., Conford C. (1991) The geochemistry of the Plenus Marls at Dover, England: Evidence for fluctuating oceanographic conditions and of glacial control during the development of the Cenomanian-Turonian δ13C anomaly. Geol. Mag 128:603-632.
Jekhowsky B. (1963) Répartition quantitative des grands groupes de "microorganontes" (spores. Hystrichosphères, etc.) dans les sédiments marins du plateau continental. C.R. Soc. Biogéogr 349:29-47.
Joachimski M.M., Buggisch W. (1993) Anoxic events in the late Frasnian - Causes of the Frasnian-Famennian faunal crisis?. Geology 21:675-678.
Johnson J.G., Klapper G., Sandberg C.A. (1985) Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 96:567-587.
Johnson J.G., Klapper G., Sandberg C.A. (1986) Late Devonian eustatic cycles around margin of Old Red Continent. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 109:141-147.
Jones T.P. (1999) The role of wildfire in carbon cycling through the Phanerozoic. XVI Int. Bot. Congr , St. Louis. USA. Abstracts; 161.
Kalvoda J. (1986) Upper Frasnian and lower Tournaisian events and evolution of calcareous foraminifera - Close links to climatic changes. Global Bio-Events. Lect. Notes Earth Sci , Wallister, O. (Ed.). Springer, Berlin; 8:225-236.
Kammer T.W. (1986) Ecologic stability of the dysaerobic biofacies during the Late Paleozoic. Lethaia 19:109-121.
Kegel W. Contribuição Para O Estudo Do Devoniano Da Bacia Do Parnaíba , D.N.P.M., D.G.M., Rio de Janeiro; 1953, 135:38.
Keith M.L. (1982) Violent volcanism, stagnant oceans and some inferences regarding petroleum, strata-bound ores and mass extinctions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46:2621-2637.
Klapper G. (1988) The montagne noire frasnian (Upper Devonian) conodont successions. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem , McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., Glass, D.J. (Eds.) Devonian of the World; 14(3):449-468.
Klapper G., Foster C.T. (1993) Shape analysis of Frasnian species of the late devonian conodont genus palmatolepis. Pal. Soc. Mem 32:1-35.
Klapper G., Feist R., Becker R.T., House M.R. (1993) Definition of the Frasnian/Famennian stage boundary. Episodes 16(4):433-441.
Knoll A.H. (1986) Patterns of change in plant communities through geological time. Community Ecology , Diamond, J., Case, T.J. (Eds.). Harper and Row, New York; 126-141.
Lafleur S. (1991) Contribution à l'analyse des séquences génétiques dans la partie la plus élevée de la formation d'evieux (Famennien supérieur) à Esneux. Mém. Lic. Sci. Geol , et min. Universite de Liège. Liège; 104.
Lang J., Yahaya M., El Hamet M.O., Besombes J.C., Cazoulat M. (1991) Dépôts glaciaires du Carbonifere inférieur à l'Ouest de l'Air (Niger). Geol. Runsch 80(3):611-622.
Loboziak S., Streel M. (1981) Miospores in middle-upper Frasnian to Famennian sediments partly dated by conodonts (Boulonnais, France). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol 34:49-66.
Loboziak S., Streel M., Vanguestaine M. (1983) Miospores et acritarches de la formation d'Hydrequent (Frasnien superieur a Famennien inferieur. Boulonnais, France). Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 106:173-183.
Loboziak S., Streel M., Caputo M.V., Melo J.H.G. (1992) Middle devonian lo lower carboniferous miospore stratigraphy in the central Parnaiba Basin. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg , (Brazil); 115:215-226.
Loboziak S., Streel M., Caputo M.V., Melo J.H.G. (1993) Middle devonian to lower carboniferous miospores from selected boreholes in Amazonas and Parnaíba Basins (Brazil): Additional data, synthesis, and correlation. Doc. Lab. Geol. Fac. Sci. Lyon 125:277-289.
Loboziak S., Melo J.H.G., Rodrigues R., Streel M., Quadros L.P., Barrilari I.M.R. (1996) Age and correlation of the Barreirinha Formation (Curua Group. Amazon Basin): New evidence from the miospore biostratigraphy. Acad. Bras. Cienc 68(2):207-212.
Loboziak S., Melo J.H.G., Matsuda N.S., Quadros L.P. (1997) Miospore biostratigraphy of the type Barreirinha Formation (Curua Group. Upper Devonian) in the Tapajós river area. Bull.-Cent. Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine , Amazon Basin, North Brazil; 21(1):187-205.
Loboziak S., Melo J.H.G., Quadros L.P., Streel M. (1997) Palynological evaluation of the Famennian Protosalvinia (Foerstia) zone in the Amazon basin, Northern Brazil: A preliminary study. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol 9:31-45.
Malzahn E. (1957) Devonisches glazial in Piaui (Brasilien), ein neuer Beitrag zur Eiszeit des Devon. Geol. Jahrb. Beih 25:1-31.
Marini F., Casier J.-G. (1997) Glass beads from reflective road markings: Potential contaminants versus microtektites? First evaluation. Impact and Extraterrestrial Spherules: New Tools for Global Correlation, Int. Symp. Tallinn , Raukas, A. (Ed), July 1-5; 31-32.
Marshall J.E.A. (1996) Chapter 29A. Vegetational history of Devonian spores. Palynology: Principles and Applications. A.A.S.P. Found , Jansonius, J., McGregor, D.C. (Eds.); 3:1133-1141.
Marshall J.E.A., Astin T.R., Clack J.A. (1999) East Greenland tetrapods are Devonian in age. Geology 27(7):637-640.
Martin F. (1985) Acritarches du Frasnien Supérieur et du Famennien Inférieur du bord méridional du Bassin de Dinant (Ardenne belge). Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg 55(7):1-57.
Martin F. (1993) Acritarchs: A review. Biol. Rev 68:475-538.
Maziane N. (1997) Evidence of Brazilian miospore zones in the uppermost Devonian in Ghana. Int. Ass. African Palynology, 3rd Symposium , Johannesburg. Abstract; 27.
Maziane N., Higgs K.T., Streel M. (1999) Revision of the late Famennian miospore zonation scheme in eastern Belgium. J. Micropalaeontol 18:17-25.
McGhee G.R. (1996) The Late Devonian mass extinction - The Frasnian/Famennian crisis. Critical Moments in Paleobiology and Earth History Series , Columbia University Press, New York; 303.
McGregor D.C. (1969) Devonian plant fossils of the genera Kryshtofovichia, Nikitinsporites, and Archaeoperisaccus. Geol. Surv. Can. Bull 182:91-106.
McGregor D.C., McCutcheon S.R. (1988) Implications of spore evidence for Late Devonian age of the Piskahegan Group. Can. J. Earth Sci , Southwestern New Brunswick; 25:1349-1364.
McLaren D.J. (1970) Time, life, and boundaries. J. Paleontol 44:801-815.
McLaren D.J. (1988) Detection and significance of mass killings. Devonian of the World , McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., Glass, D.J., (Eds.) Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem; 14(3):1-7.
Melo J.H.G., Grahn Y., Loboziak S., Paris F. (1996) First record of Fungochitina fenestrata (Taugourdeau and Jekhowsky 1960) (Chitinozoa) in the Devonian of Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance. Simp. Sul-Am , Siluro-Devon. Ponta Grossa. Anais; 263-281.
Melo J.H.G., Loboziak S., Streel M. (1999) Latest devonian to early late carboniferous biostratigraphy of northern Brazil: An update. Bull.-Cent. Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine 22(1):13-33.
Meyerhoff A.A., Boucot A.J., Meyerhoff-Hull D., Dickins J.M. (1996) Phanerozoic faunal and floral realms of the Earth: The intercalary relations of the malvinokaffric and gondwana faunal realms with the Tethyan faunal realm. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem 189:1-69.
Miller K.G., Barrera E., Olsson R.K., Sugerman P.J., Savin S.M. (1999) Does ice drive early maastrichtian eustasy?. Geology 27(9):783-786.
Muchez P., Boulvain F., Dreesen R., Hou H.F. (1996) Sequence stratigraphy of the Frasnian-Famennian transitional strata: A comparison between South China and southern Belgium. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 123:289-296.
Narkiewicz M., Hoffman A. (1989) The Frasnian/Famennian transition: The sequence of events in southern Poland and its implications. Acta Geol. Pol 39:1-4.
Naumova S.N. (1953) Spore-pollen assemblages of the upper devonian of the Russian platform and their stratigraphic significance. Trans. Inst. Geol. Sci. Acad. Sci , USSR (in Russian); 143:204.
Norris R.D., Röhl U. (1999) Carbon cycling and chronology of climate warming during the Palaeocene/Eocene transition. Nature 401:775-778.
Obukhovskaya T.G., Avkhimovitch V.I., Streel M., Loboziak S. Miospores from the Frasnian-Famennian boundary deposits in Eastern Europe (the Pripyat Depression, Belarus and the Timan Pechora Province, Russia) and comparison with Western Europe (Northern France). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol, press; .
Olempska E. (1997) Changes in benthic ostracod assemblages across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the holy cross mountains. Acta Palaeontol. Pol , Poland; 42(2):291-332.
Ormiston A.R., Klapper G. (1992) Paleoclimate, controls on upper devonian source rock sequences and stacked extinctions. Fifth North Am. Pal. Conv , Pal. Soc. Spec. Publ. Abstracts and program; 6:227.
Ormiston A.R., Oglesby R.J. (1995) Effect of late devonian paleoclimate on source rock quality and location. Paleogeography, Paleoclimate, and Source Rocks , Huc. A.-Y. (Ed.) Chapter 5 AAPG Stud. Geol; 40:105-132.
Over D.J. (1997) Conodont biostratigraphy of the Java formation (Upper Devonian) and the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in western New York State. Spec. Pap.-Geol. Soc. Am 321:161-177.
Paproth E., Streel M. (1985) Search of a Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Episodes 8(2):110-111.
Paproth E., Feist R., Flajs G. (1991) Decision on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype. Episodes 14:331-336.
Paris F., Nolvak J. (1999) Biological interpretation and paleobio-diversity of a cryptic fossil group: The "Chitinozoan animal". Geobios 32(2):315-324.
Paris F., Robardet M. (1990) Early palaeozoic palaeobiogeography of the Variscan regions. Tectonophysics 177:193-213.
Paris F., Richardson F., Riegel J.B., Streel W., Vanguestaine M. (1985) Devonian (Emsian-Famennian) palynomorphs. J. Micropalaeontol 4(1):49-81.
Paris F., Girard C., Feist R., Winchester-Seeto T. (1996) Chitinozoan bio-event in the Frasnian-Famennian boundary beds at la serre. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , (Montagne Noire, Southern France); 121:131-145.
Pedersen T.F., Calvert S.E. (1990) Anoxia vs. productivity: What controls the formation of organic-carbon-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks?. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull 74(4):454-466.
Perez-Leyton M. (1991) Miospores du Dévonien moyen et supérieur de la coupe de bermejo-La Angostura (sud-est de la Bolivie). Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 113(2):373-389.
Peterson J., Clarke A. (1983) Petroleum geology and resources of the volga-ural province. Geol. Surv. Circ , USSR; 885:1-27.
Playford P.E., Hurley N.F., Kerans C., Middleton M.F. (1989) Reefal platform development. Devonian of the canning basin. Western Australia. Controls on carbonate platform and basin development. Spec. Publ.-SEPM (Soc. Sediment. Geol.) 44:187-202.
Poty E. (1999) Famennian and tournaisian recoveries of shallow water rugosa following late frasnian and late strunian crisis, Southern Belgium and surrounding areas. Human (South China) and Omolon region (N-E Siberia). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 154(1-2):11-26.
Poumot C. (1989) Palynological evidence for eustatic events in the tropical neogene. Bull.-Cent. Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine 13(2):437-453.
Racheboeuf P.R., Le Herissé A., Paris F., Babin C., Guillocheau F., Truyols-Massoni M., Súarez-Soruco R. (1993) Le Dévonien de Bolivie: Biostratigraphie et chronostratigraphie. C.R. Acad. Sci , Paris; 317(2):795-802.
Racki G. (1998) The Frasnian-Famennian brachiopod extinction events: A preliminary review. Acta Palaeontol. Pol 43(2):395-411.
Racki G. (1999) The frasnian-famennian biotic crisis: How many (if any) bolide impacts?. Geol. Rundsch 87:617-632.
Rampino M.R., Haggerty B.M. (1996) Impact crises and mass extinctions: A working hypothesis. Spec. Pap.-Geol. Soc. Am 307:11-30.
Raymond A., Metz C. (1995) Laurussian land-plant diversity during the silurian and devonian: Mass extinction, sampling bias or both?. Palaeobiology 21:74-91.
Raymond A., Kelley P.H., Lutken C.B. (1989) Polar glaciers and life at the equator: The history of dinantian and namurian (Carboniferous) climate. Geology 17:408-411.
Renaud S., Girard C. (1999) Strategies of survival during extreme environmental perturbations: Evolution of conodonts in response to the kellwasser crisis (Upper Devonian). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 146:19-32.
Retallack G.J., Veevers J.J., Morante R. (1996) Global coal gap between permian-triassic extinction and middle triassic recovery of peat-forming plants. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 108(2):195-207.
Richardson J.B., Ahmed S. (1988) Miospores, zonation and correlation of upper devonian sequences from western New York State and Pennsylvania. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol , McMillan, NJ., Embry, A.F., Glass, D.J. (Eds.) Devonian of the World Mem; 14(3):541-558.
Richardson J.B., McGregor D.C. (1986) Silurian and devonian spore zones of the old red sandstone continent and adjacent regions. Geol. Surv. Can. Bull 364:1-79.
Sablock P.E. A Warm to Cold Paleoclimate Change in Gondwana (Devonian Through Carboniferous): A Consequence of Coupled Continental Shift and Onlap , C.R. XII ICCP, Buenos-Aires; 1993, 1:355-367.
Sandberg C.A., Ziegler W. (1996) Devonian conodont biochronology in geologic time calibration. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 76(1-2):259-265.
Sandberg C.A., Ziegler W., Dreesen R., Butler J.L. (1988) Late frasnian mass extinction: Conodont event stratigraphy global changes, and possible causes. CFS, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 102:263-307.
Sandberg C.A., Morrow J.R., Warme J.E. Late Devonian Alamo Impact Event, Global Kellwasser Events, and Major Eustatic Events , Eastern Great Basin, Nevada and Utah. Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Stud; 1997, 42(1):160.
Scheckler S.E. (1986) Geology, floristics and paleoecology of late devonian coal swamps from appalachian laurentia (USA). Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 109:209-222.
Scheckler S.E., Cressler W.L., Connery T., Kavins S., Postnikoff D.L. (1999) Devonian shrub and tree dominated landscapes. XVI Int. Bot. Congr , St. Louis, USA. Abstracts; 13.
Schindler E. (1990) Die Kellwasser-Krise (hohe Frasne-Stufe. Ober-Devon). Göttinger ArB. Geol. Paläont 46:115.
Schindler E. (1993) Event-stratigraphic markers within the kellwasser crisis near the frasnian/famennian boundary (Upper Devonian) in Germany. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 104:115-125.
Schülke I. (1998) Conodont community structure around the "Kellwasser mass extinction event" (Frasnian/Famennian boundary interval). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 7:87-99.
Scotese C.R., McKerrow W.S. (1990) Revised world maps and introduction. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography , McKerrow, W.S. Scotese C.R. (Eds.) Geol. Soc. Mem; 12:1-21.
Scotese C.R., Boucot A.J., McKerrow W.S. (1999) Gondwanan palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology. J. Afr. Earth Sci 28(1):99-114.
Sepkoski J.J. (1982) A compendium of fossil marine families. Contrib. Biol. Geol , Milwaukee Museum Publications; 51:125.
Sepkoski J.J. (1986) Phanerozoic overview of mass extinctions. Patterns and Processes in the History of Life , Raup, D.M., Jablonski, D. (Eds.) Springer, Berlin; 277-295.
Sepkoski J.J. (1996) Patterns of phanerozoic extinction: A perspective from global data bases. Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic , Walliser, O.H. (Ed.). Springer, Berlin; 35-51.
Simakov K. (1993) The dynamics and biochronological structure of the hangenbergian bioevent. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 104:127-137.
Sims H. (1999) The early radiation of seed plants: Evolutionary patterns of seed morphology in the Late Paleozoic. XVI Int. Bot. Congr , St. Louis. USA, Abstracts; 40.
Smith A.G. (1997) Estimates of the earth's spin (geographic) axis relative to Gondwana from glacial sediments and paleomagnetism. Earth Sci. Rev 42:161-179.
Somers Y., Streel M. (1978) Spores du sommet du Dévonien à Langenaubach (synclinal de la Dill. RFA). Relations entre la conservation des spores, le pouvoir réflecteur de la vitrinite et des intrusions diabasiques. Ann. Mines Belg 7-8:147-154.
Sorauf J.E., Pedder A.E.H. (1986) Late Devonian rugose corals and the Frasnian-Famennian crisis. Can. J. Earth Sci 23:1265-1287.
Stanley S.M. (1984) Temperature and biotic crises in the marine realm. Geology 12:205-208.
Steemans P., Fang X.S., Streel M. (1996) Retizonomonoletes hunanensis Fang and others, 1993 and the lepidophyta morphon. Mem. Inst. Geol. Univ. Louvain 36:7-88.
Streel M. (1962) Les savanes boisées à Acacia et Combretum de la Lufira moyenne dans l'évolution de la végétation katangaise. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-mer Bull 8(2):229-255.
Streel M. (1986) Miospore contribution to the upper famennian-strunian event stratigraphy. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 109:75-92.
Streel M. (1992) Climatic impact on famennian miospore distribution. Fifth Int. Conf. Global Bioevents (IGCP 216), Göttingen , Abstracts; 108-109.
Streel M. (1999) Quantitative palynology of famennian events in the ardenne-rhine regions. North Gondwana: Mid-Paleozoic Terranes, Stratigraphy and Biota , Feist, R., Talent, J.A., Daurer, A. (Eds.). Abh. Geol. Bundesanst (Austria); 54:201-212.
Streel M., Loboziak S. (1994) Observations on the establishment of a devonian and lower carboniferous high-resolution miospore biostratigraphy. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol 83:261-273.
Streel M., Loboziak S. (1996) Middle and upper devonian miospores. Palynology: Principles and Applications , Jansonius, J., McGregor D.C. (Eds.). A.A.S.P. Found Chapter 18B; 2:575-587.
Streel M., Scheckler S.E. (1990) Miospore lateral distribution in upper famennian alluvial, lagoonal to tidal facies from Eastern United States and Belgium. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol 64:315-324.
Streel M., Theron J.N. (1999) The devonian-carboniferous boundary in South Africa and the age of the earliest episode of the dwyka glaciation: New palynological result. Episodes 22(1):41-44.
Streel M., Traverse A. (1978) Spores from the Devonian/Mississippian transition near the horseshoe curve section. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol , Altoona. Pennsylvania. USA; 26:21-39.
Streel M., Vanguestaine M. (1989) Palynomorph distribution in a siliciclastic layer near the Frasnian/Famennian boundary at two shelf facies localities in Belgium. Bull. Soc. Belg. Geol 98:109-114.
Streel M., Higgs K., Loboziak S., Riegel W., Steemans P. (1987) Spore stratigraphy and correlation with faunas and floras in the type marine devonian of the ardenne-renish regions. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol 50:211-229.
Streel M., Fairon-Demaret M., Loboziak S. (1990) Givetian-frasnian phytogeography of euramerica and western Gondwana based on miospore distribution. Palaeozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography , McKerrow, W.S. Scotese, C.R. (Eds.) Geol. Soc. Mem; 12:291-296.
Streel M., Brice D., Degardin J.-M., Derycke C., Dreesen R., Groessens E., Hance L., Legrand-Blain M., Lethiers F., Loboziak S., Maziane N., Milhau B., Mistiaen B., Poty E., Rohart J.-C., Sartenaer P., Thorez J., Vachard D., Blieck A. (1999) Proposal for a strunian substage and a subdivision of the famennian stage into four substages. I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy , Newsletter (December 1998); 15:47-52.
Streel M., Caputo M.V., Loboziak S., Melo J.H.G., Thorez J. Palynology and sedimentology of laminites and tillites from the latest Famennian of the Parnaíba basin. Geol. Belgica, press; .
Strother P.K. (1996) Acritarchs. Palynology: Principles and Applications , Jansonius, J. McGregor D.C. (Eds.) Chapter 5. A.A.S.P. Found; 1:81-106.
Tappan H. (1971) Faunal extinction. McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology 214-217.
Tappan H. (1982) Extinction or survival: Selectivity and causes of phanerozoic crises. Spec. Pap.-Geol. Soc. Am , Silver, L.T. Schultz, P.H. (Eds.) Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth; 190:265-276.
Tappan H. (1986) Phytoplankton: Below the salt at the global table. J. Paleontol 60:544-545.
Tappan H., Loeblich A.R. (1972) Fluctuating rates of protistan evolution, diversification and extinction. 24th Int. Geol. Congr. Paleont., Sect 7:205-213.
Tappan H., Loeblich A.R. (1973) Evolution of the oceanic plankton. Earth Sci. Rev 9:207-240.
Thompson J.B., Newton C.R. (1988) Late devonian mass extinction episodic climatic cooling or warming?. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem , McMillan, N.J. Embry A.F., Glass D.J. (Eds.) Devonian of the World; 14(3):29-34.
Thorez J., Dreesen R. (1997) Sequence-and (bio) event stratigraphy: A tool for global correlation in euramerica, as exemplified by the late upper devonian in Belgium. Proc. Inaug. Meet. IGCP , Feist, R. (Ed.). Vienna. Abstract; 421:57-62.
Tucker R.D., Bradley D.C., Ver Straeten C.A., Harris A.G., Ebert J.R., McCutcheon S.R. (1998) New U-Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of devonian time. Earth Planetary Sci. Lett 158:175-186.
Ulmishek G. Petroleum Geology and Resource Assessment of the Timan-Pechora Basin, USSR, and the Adjacent Barents-Northern Kara Shelf , Argonne National Laboratory, Energy and Environmental System Division, TM; 1982, 199.
Urbanek A. (1993) Biotic crises in the history of upper silurian graptoloids: A palaeobiological model. Hist. Biol 7:29-50.
Valentine J.W. (1984) Neogene marine climate trends: Implications for biogeography and evolution of the shallow-sea biota. Geology 12:647-650.
Van der Voo R. (1988) Paleozoic paleogeography of North America. Gondwana, and intervening displaced terranes: Comparisons of paleomagnetism with paleoclimatology and biogeographical patterns. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 100:311-324.
Vanguestaine M. (1986) Late Devonian and carboniferous acritarch stratigraphy and paleogeography. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 109:93-102.
Vanguestaine M., Declairfayt T., Rouhart A., Smeesters A. (1983) Zonation par acritarches du Frasnien supérieur - Famennien inférieur dans les bassins de Dinant, Namur. Herve et campine (Dévonien supérieur de Belgique). Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 106:121-171.
Van Loon A.J. (1999) The meaning of "abruptness" In the geological past. Earth Sci. Rev 45:209-214.
Van Steenwinkel M. (1993) The devonian-carboniferous boundary: Comparison between the dinant synclinorium and the northern border of the rhenish slate mountains: A sequence-stratigraphic view. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg 115(2):665-681.
Vavrdova M., Isaacson P.E. (1999) Late famennian phytogeographic provincialism: Evidence for a limited separation of Gondwana and Laurentia. North Gondwana: Mid-Paleozoic Terranes, Stratigraphy and Biota , Feist, R., Talent J.A., Daurer, A. (Eds.) . Abh. Geol. Bundesanst (Austria); 54:453-463.
Vavrdová M., Isaacson P.E., Martines E.D., Bek J. (1991) Palinologia del limite Devonico-Carbonifero en torno al Lago Titikaka, Bolivia: Resultados preliminares. Rev. Tech. Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bol 12:303-315.
Vavrdová M., Isaacson P.E., Diaz E., Bek J. Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary at Lake Titikaka, Bolivia: Preliminary Palynological Results , C.R. XII ICCP, Buenos-Aires; 1993, 1:187-199.
Vavrdová M., Bek J., Dufka P., Isaacson P.E. (1996) Palynology of the Devonian (Lochkovian to Tournaisian) sequence, madre de dios Basin. Vestn. Cesk. Geol. Ustavu , Northern Bolivia; 71(4):333-349.
Veevers J.J., Powell C. McA. (1987) Late paleozoic glacial episodes in gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 98:475-487.
Visser J.N.J. (1990) The age of the late palaeozoic glacigene deposits in southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Geol 93(2):366-375.
Visser J.N.J. (1991) The paleoclimatic setting of the late paleozoic marine ice sheet in the Karoo Basin of southern Africa. Spec. Pap.-Geol. Soc. Am , Anderson, J.B., Ashley, J.M. (Eds.)Glacial Marine Sedimentation: Paleoclimatic Significance: Boulder, Colorado; 261:181-189.
Walliser O.H. (1984) Pleading for a natural D/C-Boundary. CFS. Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 67:241-246.
Walliser O.H. (1990) How to define "Global Bio-events". Lect. Notes Earth Sci 30:1-3.
Walliser O.H. (1995) Global events in the devonian and carboniferous. Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic , Walliser, O.H. (Ed.). Springer, Berlin; 225-250.
Walter H. Vegetation Und Klimazonen - Grundriss Der Globalen Ökologie , Eugen Ulmer. Stuttgart; 1984, 230.
Wang K., Attrep M. Jr., Orth C.J. (1993) Global iridium anomaly, mass extinction, and redox change at the Devonian-carboniferous boundary. Geology 21:1071-1074.
Weis D., Herbosch A., Préat A. (1998) Geochemistry and sr-isotopic geochemistry of the F/F boundary coumiac section (France): Inferences for sea-level variations. Mineral Mag , Goldschmidt Conference 1998, Toulouse; 62 A(3):1645-1646.
Weldon S. (1997) A preliminary study of Late Devonian acritarchs from Riescheid, North Rheinish Slate Mountains. Acta Univ. Carol., Geol , Germany. Fatka, O., Servais, T. (Eds.) Acritarcha in Praha 1996; 20:699.
Wendt J. (1985) Disintegration of the continental margin of northwestern Gondwana: Late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Geology 13:815-818.
Wendt J., Belka Z. (1991) Age and depositional environment of upper devonian (Early Frasnian to Early Famennian) black shales and limestones (Kellwasser Facies) in the eastern Anti-Atlas Morocco. Facies 25:51-90.
Went F.W. (1953) The effect of temperature on plant growth. Ann Rev. Plant Physiol 4:342-347.
Wignall P.B., Twitchett R.J. (1996) Oceanic anoxia and the end permian mass extinction. Science 272:1155-1158.
Wilde P., Berry W.B.N. (1984) Destabilization of the oceanic density structure and its significance to marine "extinction" events. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol 48:143-162.
Wilde P., Berry W.B.N. (1986) The role of oceanographic factors in the generation of global bio-events. Lect. Notes Earth. Sci 8:75-91.
Williams D.F. (1988) Evidence for and against sea-level changes from the stable isotopic record of the cenozoic. Sea-level Changes: An Integrated Approach , Wilgus, C.K., Hasting, B.S., Kendall, C.G. St. C., Posamentier, H.W., Ross, C.A., Wagoner, J.C. (Eds.) Spec. Publ-Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral; 42:31-36.
Witzke B.J. (1990) Palaeoclimatic constraints for Palaeozoic Paleolatitudes of Laurentia and Euramerica. Palaeozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography , McKerrow, W.S., Scotese, C.R. (Eds.) Geol. Soc. Mem; 12:57-73.
Woodrow D.L., Sevon W.E., Richardson J.B. (1990) Evidence of an impact-event in the appalachian Basin near the Mississippian-Devonian time boundary. Geol. Soc. Am , Abstracts with program; 22.
Woodruff F., Savin S.M., Douglas R.G. (1981) Miocene stable isotope record: A detailed deep pacific ocean study and its paleoclimatic implications. Science 212:665-668.
Xu D.-Y., Yan Z., Zhang Q.-W., Shen Z.-D., Sun Y.-Y., Ye L.-F. (1986) Significance of a δ13C anomaly near the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary at the Muhua section. Nature , South China; 321:854-855.
Zheng Y., Hong-Fei H., Liang-Fang Y. (1993) Carbon and oxygen isotope event markers near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , Luoxiu section, South China; 104:97-104.
Ziegler W., Klapper G. (1985) Stages of the Devonian system. Episodes 8(2):104-109.
Ziegler W., Sandberg C.A. (1990) The late Devonian standard conodont zonation. CFS, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 121:1-115.