[en] Built environment is responsible for 60% of total energy consumption in European countries and 128 million BOE of primary energy in Belgium. The average energy consumption in the residential buildings of Belgium is 70% higher than the EU average and stands at 348 kWh/m2/year. Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) provides guidelines for energy performance analysis of buildings in Belgium. In this study, a holistic approach has been adopted to analyse the building stock of Liege, Belgium. This analysis is based on ‘General Socio-economic survey 2001’ and ‘Housing quality survey 2006 in Walloon region’databases. It considers parameters such as buildings age, built-up area, type of heating system, type of fuel used, adjacency, insulation of roofs and walls and energy consumption etc. for an in depth analysis. This study concludes that about 69% of buildings which are constructed before 1945 needs serious renovation towards the improvement of roof and external wall insulation level. It then successfully identifies specific areas which need detailed study to evaluate the comfort status in the existing building stock, improvement of insulation level and its effect on heating energy consumption as well as the economic analysis on energy efficiency measurements.
Research Center/Unit :
LEMA
Disciplines :
Architecture Energy Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Singh, Manoj Kumar ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département Argenco : Secteur A&U > Urbanisme et aménagement du territoire
Mahapatra, Sadhan
Teller, Jacques ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département Argenco : Secteur A&U > Urbanisme et aménagement du territoire
Language :
English
Title :
An analysis on energy efficiency initiatives in the building stock of Liege, Belgium
Anisimova N. The capability to reduce primary energy demand in EU housing. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43(10):2747-2751.
Annunziata E., Frey M., Rizzi F. Towards nearly zero-energy buildings: the state-of-art of national regulations in Europe. Energy 2013, 10.1016/j.energy.2012.11.049.
Attia S. A case study for a zero impact building in Belgium: Mondo Solar-2002. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development 2011, 2:137-142.
Balaras C.A., Gaglia A.G., Georgopoulou E., Mirasgedis S., Sarafidis Y., Lalas D.P. European residential buildings and empirical assessment of the Hellenic building stock, energy consumption, emissions and potential energy savings. Buildings and Environment 2007, 42(3):1298-1314.
Bartiaux F., Vekemans G., Gram-Hanseen K., Maes D., Cantaert M., Spies B., Desmedt J. Socio-technical Factors Influencing Residential Energy Consumption (SEREC)-Part 1: Sustainable Production and Consumption Patterns, Scientific Support Plan for a Sustainable Development Policy (SPSD II), UCL 2006, VITO and Danish Building Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
Bradley P.E., Kohler N. Methodology for the survival analysis of urban building stocks. Building Research and Information 2007, 35(5):529-542.
Carvalho M., da G. EU energy and climate change strategy. Energy 2012, 40(1):19-22.
Cyx, W., Renders, N., Van Holm, M., Verbeke, S., 2011.IEE TABULA-Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy Assessment. Technical Report. IEE Funded TABULA Project (Deliverable D6.7) 2012/TEM/R/47. August.
D'haeseleer W., et al. PRIMES scenario analysis towards 2030 for Belgium. European Review of Energy Markets 2009, 3(1). (pp number).
Dall'O' G., Galante A., Torri M. A methodology for the energy performance classification of residential building stock on an urban scale. Energy and Buildings 2012, 48(5):211-219.
Dascalaki E.G., Droutsa K.G., Balaras C.A., Kontoyiannidis S. Building typologies as a tool for assessing the energy performance of residential buildings-a case study for the Hellenic building stock. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43(12):3400-3409.
Dascalaki E.G., Drousta K., Gaglia A.G., Kontoyiannidis S., Balaras C.A. Data collection and analysis of the building stock and its energy performance: an example for Hellenic buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2010, 42(8):1231-1237.
De Herde, A., Vermeir, G., Godart, M.F., Hanin, Y., Boland, Ph., Reiter, S., Rychtàrikovà, M., Castiau, E., Pons, T., Martin N., Meuris C., Moreau A., Xanthoulis, S., 2009. Design and Renovation of Urban Public Spaces for Sustainable Cities. Technical Report. Belgian Science Policy, Research Program Science for a Sustainable Development, Final Report Phase 1,Brussels.
De Meester, T., 2010. Guide pour architectes de la rénovation basse énergie des logements en Belgique, Technical report. Politique scientifique fédérale, projet LEHR.
de Meester T., Marique AF., De Herde A., Reiter S. Impact of occupants behaviours on residential heating consumption for detached houses in a temperate climate in the northern part of Europe. Energy and Buildings 2013, 57:313-323.
Dujardin, S., France-Laure, L., Melin, E., Pirart, F., Teller, J., 2010. Structuring of the Territory to Meet the Objectives of Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Colloque CPDT-La dimension territoriale des politiques énergétiques et de réduction des GIS, 8-9 Novembre, Liege, Belgium.
Dujardin S., Marique AF., Teller J. Spatial planning as a driver of change in mobility and residential energy consumption. Energy and Buildings 2013, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.059.
EAS (Energy Annual Statistics), 2011. Energy Transport and Environment indicators, Eurostat Pocketbooks Books, 2011 Edition, Publications Office of the European Communities, 2011, Luxembourg.
ECONOTEC, 2007. Energy efficiency policies and measures in Belgium 2006-Monitoring of energy efficiency in EU 15 and Norway (ODYSSEE-MURE), Brussels, Belgium.
EIA, 2010. Annual Energy Outlook 2010-with Projections to 2035. DOE/EIA-0383 (2010), USA.
EIA, 2013. Annual Energy Outlook 2013-with Projections to 2040. DOE/EIA-0383 (2013), USA.
Ekins P., Lees E. The impact of EU policies on energy use in and the evolution of the UK built environment. Energy Policy 2008, 36(12):4580-4583.
EPBD (Implementing the Energy Performance Building Directive), 2010. Featuring Country Reports 2010, Implementation of the EPBD in Belgium: Status in November 2010. Brussels, Belgium.
European Parliament and Council, 2003. Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings. Official Journal of the European Communities L 1/65, 4/1/2003.
European Parliament and Council, 2010a. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings, Official Journal of the European Communities L 153/13, 18/6/2010.
European Parliament and Council, 2010b. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings (Recast), Official Journal of the European Communities L 153/13, 18/6/2010.
Evrard, A., Branders, A., De Herde, A., 2011. Isolin, guide pour l'isolation par l'intérieur des murs existants en brique pleine. Technical Report, Service Public de Wallonie, DG04, Final Report.
Eurostat 2011, Energy, transport and environment indicators, European Commission, European Union publication, Luxemburg. ISSN 1725-4566.
Fracastoro G.V., Serraino M. A methodology for assessing the energy performance of large scale building stocks and possible applications. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43(4):844-852.
France-Laure, L., Jean-Marc, L., Teller, J., Dujardin, S., 2011. Urban Morphology and Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings to Meet the Objectives of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, The 18th International Seminar on Urban Morphology and the Post-Carbon City, 26-29 August, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada.
Georges L., Massart C., Van Moeseke G., De Herde A. Environmental and economic performance of heating systems for energy-efficient dwellings: case of passive and low-energy single-family houses. Energy Policy 2012, 40:452-464.
Georgiadu M.C., Hacking T., Guthrie P. A-conceptual-framework-for-future-proofing-the-energy-performance-of-buildings. Energy Policy. 2012, 47(8):145-155.
ICEDD (Institut de Conseil et d'Etudes en Development Durable ASBL), 2007. Bilan Energetique Wallon 2005 Consumptions du secteur lodgement 2005, rapport de recherche, Namur, Belgium.
IEA Annex 53, 2009. Energy conservation in Buildings and community systems, Total Energy Use in Buildings-Analysis and evaluation methods-2009. Japan.
IEA, 2007. Future Buildings Forum-2007, Vision and Research Roadmap for Future Sustainable Buildings and Communities, Espoo, Finland.
IEA, 2010. International Energy Agency. Energy Policies of IEA Countries-Belgium 2009 Review. OECD/IEA 2009, France.
Kohler N., Hassler U. The building stock as a research object. Building Research and Information 2002, 30(4):226-236.
Lechtenbohmer S., Schuring A. The potential for large-scale savings from insulating residential buildings in the EU. Energy Efficiency 2011, 4(2):257-270.
Massart, C., De Herde, A., 2010. Conception de maisons neuves durables. Technical Report, Service Public de Wallonie, DG04, Final Report.
Meinel G., Hecht R., Herold H. Analyzing building stock using topographic maps and GIS. Building Research and Information. 2009, 37(5-6):468-482.
Mlecnic, E. et al., 2010. Low Energy Housing Retrofit (LEHR), Final Report, Belgian Science Policy (Programme to Stimulate Knowledge Transfer in Areas of Strategic Importance-TAP2), Brussels, 2010, 106.
O. Broin, E., Mata, É., Göransson, A., Johnsson, F., 2013. The effect of improved efficiency on energy savings in EU-27 buildings Energy, 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.016.
Panayiotou G.P., Kalogirou S.A., Florides G.A., Maxoulis C.N., Papadopoulos A.M., Neophtou M., Fokaides P., Georgiou G., Symeou A., Georgakis G. The characteristics and the energy behaviour of the residential building stock of Cyprus in view of Directive 2002/91/EC. Energy and Buildings 2010, 42(11):2083-2089.
Renard, F., Nourricier, S., Pietrantonio, M.D., Feldheim, V., 2008. Technical-Economic Analysis of the Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Saving Investments for Residential Buildings. Technical Report, Service Public de Wallonie, DG04, Final Report, March.
Roberts S. Altering existing buildings in the UK. Energy Policy 2008, 36(12):4482-4486.
Salat S. Energy loads, CO2 emissions and building stocks: morphologies, typologies, energy systems and behaviour. Building Research and Information 2009, 37(5-6):598-609.
Stern N. The Economics of Climate Change-The Stern Review 2007, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Tambach M., Hasselaar E., Itard L. Assessment of current Dutch energy transition policy instruments for the existing housing stock. Energy Policy 2010, 38(2):981-996.
Theodoridou I., Papadopoulos A.M., Hegger M. A typological classification of the Greek residential building stock. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43(10):2779-2787.
Theodoridou I., Papadopoulos A.M., Hegger M. Statistical analysis of the Greek residential building stock. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43(9):2422-2428.
Trachte, S., De Herde, A., 2010. Choix des matériaux-Ecobilan de parois. Technical Report, Service Public de Wallonie, DG04, Final Report.
Verhoeven R. Pathways to World-class Energy Efficiency in Belgium 2009, McKinsey & Company-2009, Belgium.
Walloon Government, 2007. ArrêteD́ du 17avril 2007du gouvernement wallon deD́terminant la meD́thode de calcul et les exigences, les agreD́ments et les sanctions applicable en matiere de performance eD́nergeD́tique et de climat inteD́rieur des bâtiments, April.