séquestration de carbone; gaz à effet de serre; dioxyde de carbone; protoxyde d'azote; méthane; prairie; carbon sequestration; greenhouse gas; carbon dioxide; nitrous oxide; methane; grassland
Abstract :
[fr] Dans l’optique d’une atténuation des émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES) des systèmes d’élevage, les écosystèmes prairiaux peuvent jouer un rôle important vu leur potentiel de séquestration de carbone (C) dans les sols. Une évaluation pertinente de la contribution des systèmes d’élevage herbivores aux émissions de GES nécessite donc de raisonner en termes de bilan, en considérant à la fois les sources de GES et leur compensation
via la séquestration de carbone par les prairies.
Cette synthèse, basée sur des résultats expérimentaux recensés dans la littérature, fait apparaitre l’importance de considérer conjointement les flux des trois principaux GES : dioxyde de carbone (CO2), protoxyde d’azote (N2O), méthane (CH4). De plus, les bilans de C et de GES des parcelles présentent une grande variabilité, essentiellement liée aux conditions pédoclimatiques et aux modes de gestion. Cet article souligne la nécessité de poursuivre les mesures à l’échelle de la parcelle et ce, pendant suffisamment d’années, de manière à établir des bilans robustes et intégrant la variabilité interannuelle. Enfin, il met en évidence la nécessité d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes contrôlant les différents échanges, en relation avec les facteurs environnementaux et les modes de gestion et ce, afin de pouvoir proposer des itinéraires techniques capables de
maintenir un puits de carbone minimum, tout en limitant les émissions de méthane et de protoxyde d’azote. [en] Grassland carbon (C) sequestration can play an important role in mitigating total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of livestock production systems. An accurate inventory of livestock production system contribution to GHG emissions requires to think in terms of global budget, by considering both the GHG sources and the mitigation potential trough grassland soil carbon sequestration. There is a huge variability in C and GHG balances of grasslands that is mainly due to management practices and climatic conditions. The present article shows that, to reduce the uncertainties of the results, long term measurements at the field scale are necessary. Also, it shows the importance of taking the fluxes of the three main GHGs (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane) into account when calculating the GHG budget. This article also highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms driving the fluxes, in relation to environmental factors and management practices, in order to propose mitigation strategies able to enhance soil carbon sequestration in soils and to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
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