Concentrate feeds; Mobile nylon bags method; Intestinal digestibility of N; Ruminants; Aliments concentrés; Méthode des sacs de nylon mobiles; Digestibilé intestinale de l'azote
Abstract :
[en] Two experiments were carried out on sheep to measure the effects of some factors of the mobile nylon bag (MNB) technique on the intestinal digestibility (DgI) of rumen undegraded N of meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM) and wheat bran (WB). The pore size of the nylon cloth (IO and 42.5 pm) influenced (P < 0.05) DgI of SBM and MBM N irrespective of the site of recovery of the bags (ileum and faeces) and the incubation time of concentrate feeds in the rumen (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h). The faecal recovery of the bags increased (P < 0.05) DgI of SBM N in comparison with ileal recovery. The opposite was found with WB incubated 4, 8, 16 and 24 h in the rumen. DgI of MBM N was not influenced by site of bag recovery (P > 0.05). Increasing incubation times in the rumen decreased (P < 0.05) DgI of undegraded feed N. The total tract digestibility (rumen plus intestines) was independent of incubation time in the rumen for MBM and SBM, excepted for SBM incubated 4 or 8 h in the rumen when bags were collected in the ileum. Previous ruminal incubation of WB for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h increased (P < 0.05) the amount of N digested in the total tract in comparison with unincubated WB and WB incubated for only 2 h. In the second experiment, residues obtained from the incubation of the feeds in the rumen (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h) were mixed in different proportions in order to obtain the true fraction of the undegraded feed in the rumen. This method was based on the DM degradability of the concentrate feeds and the outflow rate constant of feeds from the rumen, supposed equal to 6%h-‘. Bags containing feeds mixed according to this method were incubated in a solution of pepsin-HCl for 0, 1, 2 and 3 h to simulate abomasal digestion and the DgI of N was measured afterwards with the MNB technique. Increasing action of pepsin led to higher digestibilities of N at this stage (P < 0.05) but decreased the digestibility of N in the intestines excepted for MBM incubated in pepsin-HCl for 3 h and in any case for SBM. However, the omission of the incubation in pepsin had little influence on the amount of N postruminally digested.
Antoniewicz, A.M., van Vuuren, A.M., van der Koelen, C.J. and Kosmala, I., 1992. Intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein of formaldehyde-treated feedstuffs measured by mobile bag and in vitro technique, Anim. Feed Sec. Technol., 39: 111-124.
Arieli, A., Ben-Moshe, A., Zamwel, S. and Tagari, H., 1989. In situ evaluation of the ruminal and intestinal digestibility of heat-treated cottonseeds, J. Dairy Sci., 72: 1228-1233.
Aronen, I., Vanhatalo, A. and Varvikko, T., 1991. Ruminai and intestinal degradation of cell wall constituents of barley, barley fibre and wheat mill run measured by the nylon bag technique, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 32: 201-205.
Beckers, Y., Théwis, A., Maudoux, B. and François, E., 1995. Studies on the in situ degradability corrected for bacterial contamination of concentrate feeds in steers, J. Anim. Sci., 73: 220-227.
Gros, P., Moncoulon, R., Bayourthe, C. and Vernay, M., 1992. Effect of extrusion on ruminai and intestinal disappearance of amino acids in white lupine seed, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 72: 89-96.
Dagnelie, P., 1980. Théories et Méthodes Statistiques. Vol. 2, Presses Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium, 463 pp.
Deacon, M.A., De Boer, G. and Kennelly, J.J., 1988. Influence of jet-sploding and extrusion on ruminai and intestinal disappearance of canola and soybeans, J. Dairy Sci., 71: 745-753.
De Boer, G., Murphy, J.J. and Kennelly, J.J., 1987. Mobile nylon bag for estimating intestinal availability of rumen undegradable protein, J. Dairy Sci., 70: 977-982.
Hvelplund, T., 1985. Digestibility of rumen microbial protein and undegraded dietary protein estimated in the small intestine of sheep or by the in sacco procedure, Acta Agric. Scand., 25 (suppl.): 132-144.
Hvelplund, T. and Hesselholt, M., 1987. Digestibility of individual amino acids in rumen microbial protein and undegraded dietary protein in the small intestine of sheep, Acta Agric. Scand., 37: 469-477.
Hvelplund, T. and Madsen, J., 1990. A study of the quantitative nitrogen metabolism in the gastro-intestinal tract, and the resultant new protein evaluation system for ruminants. The AAT-PBV system. Diss. Institute of Animal Science, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen, 215 pp.
Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M.R. and Andersen, L.S., 1992. Estimation of the true digestibility of rumen undegraded dietary protein in the small intestine of ruminants by the mobile bag technique, Acta Agric. Scand., Sect. A, Anim. Sci., 42: 34-39.
Jarosz, L., Weisbjerg, M.R., Hvelplund, T. and Borg Jensen, B., 1991. Digestibility of nitrogen and 15N from different roughages in the lower gut of cows estimated with the mobile nylon bag procedure. In: Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Herning, Denmark, pp. 113-115.
Kendall, E.M., Ingalls, J.R. and Boila, R.J., 1991. Variability in the rumen degradability and postruminal digestion of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids of canola meal, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 71: 739-754.
Kirkpatrick, B.K. and Kennelly, J.J., 1984. Prediction of digestibility in cattle using a modified nylon bag technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 64: 1104 (abstract).
Kristensen, E.S., Møller, P.D. and Hvelplund, T., 1982. Estimation of the effective protein degradability in the rumen of cows using the nylon bag technique combined with the outflow rate, Acta Agric. Scand., 32: 123-127.
Leibholtz, J., 1991. A rapid assay for the measurement of protein digestion to the ileum of pigs by the use of a mobile nylon bag technique, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 33: 209-219.
Leterme, P., Théwis, A. and François, E., 1989. La technique des sachets de nylon mobiles chez le porc. Etude de paramètres susceptibles d'influencer la digestibilité, Bull. Rech. Agron. Gembloux, 24: 33-47.
Lindberg, J.E. and Knutsson, P.G., 1981. Effect of bag pore size on the loss of particulate matter and on the degradation of cell wall fibre, Agric. Environ., 6: 171-182.
MacGregor, C.A., Sniffen, C.J. and Hoover, W.H., 1978. Amino acids profiles of total and soluble protein in feedstuffs commonly fed to ruminants, J. Dairy Sci., 61: 556-563.
Michalet-Doreau, B. and Cerneau, P., 1991. Influence de la finesse de broyage des aliments sur l'importance des pertes en particules dans la technique in sacco, Ann. Zootech., 41: 13-14.
Michalet-Doreau, B. and Ould-Bah, M.Y., 1992. In vitro and in sacco methods for the estimation of dietary nitrogen degradability in the rumen: a review, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 40: 57-86.
Ørskov, E.R. and McDonald, I., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage, J. Agric. Sci., 92: 499-503.
Poncet, C. and Al Abd, A., 1984. Particulate and fluid passage studies in sheep fed a hay-based diet, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 64 (suppl.): 77-79.
Rae, R.C. and Smithard, R.R., 1985. Estimation of true nitrogen digestibility in cattle by a modified nylon bag technique, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 44: 116A.
Rooke, J.A., 1985. The nutritive values of feed proteins and feed protein residues resistant to degradation by rumen microorganisms, J. Sci. Food Agric., 36: 629-637.
Ruckebusch, Y., Phaneuf, L.P. and Dunlop, R., 1991. Physiology of Small and Large Animals. B.C. Decker, Inc., Philadelphia, 672 pp.
SAS, 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
Sauer, W.C., Jorgensen, H. and Berzins, R., 1983. A modified nylon bag technique for determining apparent digestibilities of protein in feedstuffs for pigs, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 63: 233-237.
Todorov, N.A. and Girginov, D.G., 1991. Comparison of the infusion method, mobile nylon bag technique and in vitro method for determination of the true protein digestibility in small intestine of cattle. In: Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Herning, Denmark, pp. 80-82.
Ulyatt, M.J., Dellow, D.W., Reid, C.S.W. and Bauchop, T., 1975. Structure and function of the large intestine of ruminants. In: I.W. McDonald and A.C.I. Warner (Editors), Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants. University of New England Publishing Unit, Armidale, pp. 119-133.
Vanhatalo, A. and Aronen, I.P., 1991. The ruminal and intestinal degradation estimates of either untreated or physically treated rapeseed meals measured by nylon bag techniques. In: 8th Int. Rapeseed Congr., 9-11 July, Saskatoon, SK. Proc. 2, pp. 424-429.
Van Straalen, W.M., Dooper, F.M.H., Antoniewicz, A.M., Kosmala, I., van Vuuren, A.M., 1993. Intestinal digestibility in dairy cows of protein from grass and clover measured with mobile nylon bag and other methods, J. Dairy Sci., 76: 2970-2981.
Varvikko, T. and Vanhatalo, A., 1990. The effect of differing types of cloth and of contamination by non-feed nitrogen on intestinal digestion estimates using porous synthetic-fibre bags in a cow, Br. J. Nutr., 63: 221-229.
Varvikko, T. and Vanhatalo, A., 1992. Effect of supplementary energy and protein feeding on the true digestion of grass-silage organic matter, cell walls and nitrogen estimated by the combined synthetic-fibre-bag method in cows, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 72: 671-678.
Voigt, J., Piatkowski, B., Engelmann, H. and Rudolph, E., 1985. Measurement of the postruminal digestibility of crude protein by the bag technique in cows, Arch. Tierenähr., 35: 555-562.
Wanapat, W., Varvikko, T. and Vanhatalo, A., 1989. Degradability of cereal straw using in sacco and mobile bag techniques, Ajas, 2: 421-423.
Weisbjerg, M.R., Bhargava, P.K., Hvelplund, T. and Madsen, J., 1990. Use of degradation curves in feed evaluation. 679. Report from the National Institute of Animal Science. Denmark, 33 pp.
Yang, W.Z., 1991. Etude de la cinétique de la colonisation microbienne des aliments dans le rumen du mouton. Conséquences sur la composition de la biomasse et sur la dynamique de sortie du rumen dans le cas de différents types de ration. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Biaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand II, 391 pp.
