Marik PE, Pinsky M. Death by parenteral nutrition (2003) Intensive Care Med 29:867-869
Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in the critically patient. N Engl J Med 345:1359-1367
McCowen KC, Friel C, Sternberg J, Chan S, Forse RA, Burke PA, Bistrian BR (2000) Hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition: effectiveness in prevention of hypoglycaemia and infectious complications - a randomised clinical trial. Crit Care Med 28:3606-3611
Heyland D, MacDonald S, Keefe L, Drover J (1998) Total parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient. A metaanalysis. JAMA 280:2013-2019
Sandstrom R, Drott C, Hyltander A, Arfvidsson B, Schersten T, Wickstrom I, Lundholm K (1993) The effect of postoperative intravenous feeding (TPN) on outcome following major surgery evaluated in a randomized study. Ann Surg 217:185-195
Sax HC, Warner BW, Talamini MA, Hamilton FN, Bell RH Jr, Fischer JE, Bower RH (1987) Early total parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: lack of beneficial effects. Am J Surg 153:117-124
Herndon DN, Barrow RE, Stein M, Linares H, Rutan TC, Rutan R, Abston S (1989) Increased mortality with intravenous supplemental feeding in severely burned patients. J Burn Care Rehabil 10:309-313
Chiarelli AG, Ferrarello S, Piccioli A, Abate A, Chini G, Berioli MB, Peris A, Lippi R (1996) Total enteral nutrition versus mixed enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients at an intensive care unit. Minerva Anestesiol 62:1-7
Abel R, Fischer J, Buckley M, Barnett G, Austen W (1976) Malnutrition in cardiac surgical patients: results of a prospective randomized evaluation of early postoperative parenteral nutrition. Arch Surg 111:45-50
Marik PE, Karnack C (2001) The effect of enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition together with "trickle" feeds on mortality in critically ill ICU patients. Crit Care Med 29 [Suppl]:A126
Jolliet P, Pichard C, Biolo G, Chiolero R, Grimble G, Leverve X, Nitenberg G, Novak I, Planas M, Preiser JC, Roth E, Schols AM, Wernerman J (1998) Enteral nutrition in intensive care patients: a practical approach. A position paper. Intensive Care Med 24:848-859
Berger MM, Chiolero RL, Pannatier A, Cayeux MC, Tappy L (1997) A 10-year survey of nutritional support in a surgical ICU: 1986-1995. Nutrition 13:870-877
Preiser JC, Berre J, Carpentier Y, Jolliet P, Pichard C, Van Gossum A, Vincent JL (1999) Management of nutrition in European intensive care units: results of a questionnaire. Intensive Care Med 25:95-101
Griffiths RD (2001) Nutrition in intensive care, give enough but choose the route wisely. Nutrition 17:53-55
Woodcock N, MacFie J (2002) Optimal nutritional support (and the demise of the enteral versus parenteral controversy). Nutrition 18:523-552
Adam S, Batson S (1997) A study of problems associated with the delivery of enteral feed in critically ill patients in five ICU's in UK. Intensive Care Med 23:261-266
Spain DA, McClave SA, Sexton LK, Adams JL, Blanford BS, Sullins ME, Owens NA, Snider HL (1999) Infusion protocol improves delivery of enteral tube feeding in the critical care unit. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 23:288-292
McClave SA, Sexton LK, Spain DA, Adams JL, Owens NA, Sullins MB, Blandford BS, Snider HL (1999) Enteral tube feeding in the intensive care unit: Factors impending adequate delivery. Crit Care Med 27:1252-1256
Li J, King BK, Janu PG, Renegar KB, Kudsk KA (1998) Glycyl-L-glutamine- enriched total parenteral nutrition maintains small intestine gut-associated lymphoid tissue and upper respiratory tract immunity. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 22:31-36
Nitenberg G (2000) Nutritional support in sepsis: still skeptikal? Curr Opin Crit Care 6:253-266
Braunschweig CL, Levy P, Sheean PM, Wang X (2001) Enteral compared with parenteral nutrition: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 74:534-542
Bauer P, Charpentier C, Bouchet C, Nace L, Raffy F, Gaconnet N (2000) Parenteral with enteral nutrition in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 26:893-900