[en] We present an Arctic seasonal survey of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) dynamics within sea ice brine and related air-ice CO2 fluxes. The survey was carried out from early spring to the beginning of summer in the Arctic coastal waters of the Amundsen Gulf. High concentrations of pCO2 (up to 1834 matm) were observed in the sea ice in early April as a consequence of concentration of solutes in brines, CaCO3 precipitation and microbial respiration. CaCO3 precipitation was detected through anomalies in total
alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This precipitation seems to have occurred in highly saline brine in the upper part of the ice cover and in bulk ice. As summer draws near, the ice temperature increases and brine pCO2 shifts from a large supersaturation (1834 matm) to a marked undersaturation (down to almost 0 matm). This decrease was ascribed to brine dilution by ice meltwater, dissolution of CaCO3 and
photosynthesis during the sympagic algal bloom. The magnitude of the CO2 fluxes was controlled by ice temperature (through its control on brine volume and brine channels connectivity) and the concentration gradient between brine and the atmosphere. However,
the state of the ice-interface clearly affects air-ice CO2 fluxes.
Research Center/Unit :
Unité d'Océanographie Chimique
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Geilfus, Nicolas-Xavier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Océanographie chimique
Carnat, G.
Papakyriakou, T.
Tison, Jean-Louis
Else, B.
Thomas, H.
Shadwick, E.
Delille, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Océanographie chimique
Language :
English
Title :
Dynamics of pCO2 and related air-ice CO2 fluxes in the Arctic coastal zone (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea)
Publication date :
02 February 2012
Journal title :
Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans
ISSN :
2169-9275
eISSN :
2169-9291
Publisher :
American Geophysical Union (AGU), Washington, United States - District of Columbia
Volume :
117
Issue :
C00G10
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique BELSPO - SPP Politique scientifique - Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique scientifique
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Albert, M. R., A. M. Grannas, J. Bottenheim, P. B. Shepson, and F. E. Perron (2002), Processes and properties of snow-air transfer in the high Arctic with application to interstitial ozone at Alert, Canada, Atmos. Environ., 36(15-16), 2779-2787, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00118-8. (Pubitemid 34632671)
Alling, V., et al. (2010), Nonconservative behavior of dissolved organic carbon across the Laptev and East Siberian seas, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB4033, doi:10.1029/2010GB003834.
Anderson, L. G., E. Falck, E. P. Jones, S. Jutterstrom, and J. H. Swift (2004), Enhanced uptake of atmospheric CO2 during freezing of seawater: A field study in Storfjorden, Svalbard, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C06004, doi:10.1029/2003JC002120. (Pubitemid 39174556)
Arrigo, K. R., and D. N. Thomas (2004), Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean, Antarct. Sci., 16(4), 471-486, doi:10.1017/S0954102004002263. (Pubitemid 40008769)
Arrigo, K. R., T. Mock, and P. M. Lizotte (2010), Primary producers and sea ice, in Sea Ice, 2nd ed., pp. 283-326, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U. K.
Bates, N. R., and J. T. Mathis (2009), The Arctic Ocean marine carbon cycle: Evaluation of air-sea CO2 exchanges, ocean acidification impacts and potential feedbacks, Biogeosciences, 6(11), 2433-2459, doi:10.5194/bg-6-2433-2009.
Cai, W.-J., et al. (2010), Decrease in the CO2 uptake capacity in an ice-free Arctic Ocean basin, Science, 329(5991), 556-559, doi:10.1126/science.1189338.
Comiso, J. C. (2003), Large-scale characteristics and variability of the global sea ice cover, in Sea Ice: An Introduction to Its Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geology, pp. 112-142, Blackwell Sci., London.
Copin Montégut, C. (1988), A new formula for the effect of temperature on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater, Mar. Chem., 25, 29-37, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(88)90012-6.
Cox, G. F. N., and W. F. Weeks (1983), Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples, J. Glaciol., 29(102), 306-316.
Delille, B. (2006), Inorganic carbon dynamics and air-ice-sea CO 2 fluxes in the open and coastal waters of the Southern Ocean, PhD thesis, 296 pp., Univ. de Liège, Liège, France.
Delille, B., B. Jourdain, A. V. Borges, J. L. Tison, and D. Delille (2007), Biogas (CO2, O-2, dimethylsulfide) dynamics in spring Antarctic fast ice, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52(4), 1367-1379, doi:10.4319/lo.2007.52. 4.1367. (Pubitemid 47121551)
Dickson, A. G., and F. J. Millero (1987), A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1733-1743, doi:10.1016/0198-0149(87)90021-5.
Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine, and J. R. Christian (2007), Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PICES Spec. Publ., 3, 1-191.
Dieckmann, G. S., and H. H. Hellmer (2010), The importance of sea ice: An overview, in Sea Ice: An Introduction to its Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geology, 2nd ed., edited by D. N. Thomas and G. S. Dieckmann, pp. 1-22, Blackwell Sci., Oxford, U. K.
Dieckmann, G. S., G. Nehrke, S. Papadimitriou, J. Gottlicher, R. Steininger, H. Kennedy, D. Wolf-Gladrow, and D. N. Thomas (2008), Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08501, doi:10.1029/2008GL033540.
Dieckmann, G. S., G. Nehrke, C. Uhlig, J. Göttlicher, S. Gerland, M. A. Granskog, and D. N. Thomas (2010), Brief communication: Ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) discovered in Arctic sea ice, The Cryosphere, 4, 227-230, doi:10.5194/tc-4-227- 2010.
Dumont, I. (2009), Interactions between the microbial network and the organic matter in the Southern Ocean: Impacts on the biological carbon pump, PhD thesis, 202 pp., Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels.
Eicken, H. (2003), From the microscopic to the macroscopic to the regional scale, growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, in Sea Ice: An Introduction to Its Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Geology, pp. 22-81, Blackwell Sci., London.
Frankignoulle, M. (1988), Field-measurements of air sea CO2 exchange, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33(3), 313-322, doi:10.4319/lo.1988.33.3.0313.
Fransson, A., M. Chierici, and Y. Nojiri (2009), New insights into the spatial variability of the surface water carbon dioxide in varying sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean, Cont. Shelf Res., 29, 1317-1328, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2009.03.008.
Gibson, J. A. E., and T. W. Trull (1999), Annual cycle of fCO2 under sea-ice and in open water in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, Mar. Chem., 66, 187-200, doi:10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00040-7. (Pubitemid 29400874)
Gleitz, M., et al. (1995), Comparison of summer and winter inorganic carbon, oxygen and nutrient concentrations in Antarctic sea ice brine, Mar. Chem., 51, 81-91, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(95)00053-T. (Pubitemid 26463413)
Golden, K. M., H. Eicken, A. L. Heaton, J. Miner, D. J. Pringle, and J. Zhu (2007), Thermal evolution of permeability and microstructure in sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16501, doi:10.1029/2007GL030447. (Pubitemid 350065333)
Gosink, T. A., J. G. Pearson, and J. J. Kelly (1976), Gas movement through sea ice, Nature, 263, 41-42, doi:10.1038/263041a0.
Hanson, A. M. (1965), Studies of the mass budget of arctic pack-ice floes, J. Glaciol., 5(41), 701-709.
Heinesch, B., M. Yernaux, M. Aubinet, N. X. Geilfus, T. Papakyriakou, G. Carnat, H. Eicken, J. L. Tison, and B. Delille (2009), Measuring air-ice CO 2 fluxes in the Arctic, FluxLetter, 2, 9-10.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007), Climate Change 2007: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, Geneva, Switzerland.
Johnson, K. M., K. D. Wills, D. B. Butler, W. K. Johnson, and C. S. Wong (1993), Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies- Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction system and coulometric detector, Mar. Chem., 44, 167-187, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(93)90201-X. (Pubitemid 24430326)
Killawee, J. A., I. J. Fairchild, J. L. Tison, L. Janssens, and R. Lorrain (1998), Segregation of solutes and gases in experimental freezing of dilute solutions: Implications for natural glacial systems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62(23-24), 3637-3655, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00268-3. (Pubitemid 29321897)
Lalande, C., A. Forest, D. G. Barber, Y. Gratton, and L. Fortier (2009), Variability in the annual cycle of vertical particulate organic carbon export on Arctic shelves: Contrasting the Laptev Sea, northern Baffin Bay and the Beaufort Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 29, 2157-2165, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2009.08.009.
Lewis, E., and D. W. R. Wallace (1998), Program developed for CO 2 system calculations, Rep. ORNL/CDIAC-105, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Loose, B., P. Schlosser, D. Perovich, D. Ringelberg, D. T. Ho, T. Takahashi, J. Richter-Menge, C. M. Reynolds, W. R. McGillis, and J. L. Tison (2011), Gas diffusion through columnar laboratory sea ice: Implications for mixed-layer ventilation of CO2 in the seasonal ice zone, Tellus, Ser. B, 63(1), 23-39, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00506.x.
Magen, C., G. Chaillou, S. A. Crowe, A. Mucci, B. Sundby, A. G. Gao, R. Makabe, and H. Sasaki (2010), Origin and fate of particulate organic matter in the southern Beaufort Sea-Amundsen Gulf region, Canadian Arctic, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 86(1), 31-41, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.009.
Marion, G. M. (2001), Carbonate mineral solubility at low temperatures in the Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65(12), 1883-1896, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00588-3. (Pubitemid 32602426)
Miller, L., T. Papakyriakou, R. E. Collins, J. Deming, J. Ehn, R. W. Macdonald, A. Mucci, O. Owens, M. Raudsepp, and N. Sutherland (2011), Carbon dynamics in sea ice: A winter flux time series, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C02028, doi:10.1029/2009JC006058.
Mundy, C. J., et al. (2011), Characteristics of two distinct high-light acclimated algal communities during advanced stages of sea ice melt, Polar Biol., 34(12), 1869-1886.
Munro, D. R., R. B. Dunbar, D. A. Mucciarone, K. R. Arrigo, and M. C. Long (2010), Stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon in sea ice from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C09005, doi:10.1029/2009JC005661.
Nomura, D., H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, and T. Toyota (2006), The effect of seaice growth on air-sea CO2 flux in a tank experiment, Tellus, Ser. B, 58(5), 418-426, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00204.x. (Pubitemid 44575816)
Nomura, D., H. Eicken, R. Gradinger, and K. Shirasawa (2010a), Rapid physically driven inversion of the air-sea ice CO2 flux in the seasonal landfast ice off Barrow, Alaska after onset surface melt, Cont. Shelf Res., 30, 1998-2004, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2010.09.014.
Nomura, D., H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, T. Toyota, and K. Shirasawa (2010b), Effects of snow, snow-melting and re-freezing processes on air-sea ice CO 2 flux, J. Glaciol., 56, 262-270.
Papadimitriou, S., H. Kennedy, G. Kattner, G. S. Dieckmann, and D. N. Thomas (2004), Experimental evidence for carbonate precipitation and CO 2 degassing during sea ice formation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68(8), 1749-1761, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.004. (Pubitemid 38463105)
Papadimitriou, S., D. N. Thomas, H. Kennedy, C. Haas, H. Kuosa, A. Krell, and G. S. Dieckmann (2007), Biogeochemical composition of natural sea ice brines from the Weddell Sea during early austral summer, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52(5), 1809-1823, doi:10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.1809. (Pubitemid 47612110)
Papakyriakou, T., and L. Miller (2011), Springtime CO2 exchange over seasonal sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Ann. Glaciol., 52(57), 215-224, doi:10.3189/172756411795931534.
Parsons, T. R., Y. Maita, and C. M. Lalli (1984), A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis, 173 pp., Pergamon, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
Riebesell, U., D. A. Wolf-Gladrow, and V. Smetacek (1993), Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates, Nature, 361, 249-251, doi:10.1038/361249a0.
Riedel, A., C. Michel, M. Gosselin, and B. LeBlanc (2008), Winter-spring dynamics in sea-ice carbon cycling in the coastal Arctic Ocean, J. Mar. Syst., 74(3-4), 918-932, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.01.003.
Rysgaard, S., R. N. Glud, M. K. Sejr, J. Bendtsen, and P. B. Christensen (2007), Inorganic carbon transport during sea ice growth and decay: A carbon pump in polar seas, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03016, doi:10.1029/2006JC003572. (Pubitemid 46845222)
Rysgaard, S., J. Bendtsen, L. T. Pedersen, H. Ramlov, and R. N. Glud (2009), Increased CO2 uptake due to sea ice growth and decay in the Nordic Seas, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C09011, doi:10.1029/2008JC005088.
Sabine, C. L., et al. (2004), The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2, Science, 305(5682), 367-371, doi:10.1126/science.1097403. (Pubitemid 38938147)
Semiletov, I. P., A. Makshtas, S. I. Akasofu, and E. L. Andreas (2004), Atmospheric CO2 balance: The role of Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05121, doi:10.1029/2003GL017996.
Semiletov, I. P., I. Pipko, I. Repina, and N. E. Shakhova (2007), Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere-icewater interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic, J. Mar. Syst., 66(1-4), 204-226, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.05.012. (Pubitemid 46694321)
Shadwick, E. H., et al. (2011), Seasonal variability of the inorganic carbon system in the Amundsen Gulf region of the southeastern Beaufort Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56(1), 303-322, doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0303.
Song, G., H. Xie, C. Aubry, Y. Zhang, M. Gosselin, C. J. Mundy, B. Philippe, and T. N. Papakyriakou (2011), Spatiotemporal variations of dissolved organic carbon and carbon monoxide in first-year sea ice in the western Canadian Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00G05, doi:10.1029/2010JC006867.
Takagi, K., M. Nomura, D. Ashiya, H. Takahashi, K. Sasa, Y. Fujinuma, H. Shibata, Y. Akibayashi, and T. Koike (2005), Dynamic carbon dioxide exchange through snowpack by wind-driven mass transfer in a coniferbroadleaf mixed forest in northernmost Japan, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB2012, doi:10.1029/2004GB002272. (Pubitemid 41576412)
Takahashi, T., et al. (2002), Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49(9-10), 1601-1622, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6. (Pubitemid 34565015)
Takahashi, T., et al. (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 56(8-10), 554-577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2. 2008.12.009.
Thomas, D. N., G. Kattner, R. Engbrodt, V. Giannelli, H. Kennedy, C. Haas, and G. S. Dieckmann (2001), Dissolved organic matter in Antarctic sea ice, in Annals of Glaciology, vol. 33, edited by M. O. Jeffries and H. Eicken, pp. 297-303, Int. Glaciol. Soc., Cambridge, U. K.
Tison, J. L., C. Haas, M. M. Gowing, S. Sleewaegen, and A. Bernard (2002), Tank study of physico-chemical controls on gas content and composition during growth of young sea ice, J. Glaciol., 48(161), 177-191, doi:10.3189/172756502781831377.
Tison, J. L., A. Worby, B. Delille, F. Brabant, S. Papadimitriou, D. Thomas, J. de Jong, D. Lannuzel, and C. Haas (2008), Temporal evolution of decaying summer first-year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 55(8-9), 975-987, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.021.
Wolf-Gladrow, D., and U. Riebesell (1997), Diffusion and reactions in the vicinity of plankton: A refined model for inorganic carbon transport, Mar. Chem., 59, 17-34, doi:10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00069-8. (Pubitemid 28012561)
Zeebe, R. E., and D. Wolf-Gladrow (2001), CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Zemmelink, H. J., B. Delille, J. L. Tison, E. J. Hintsa, L. Houghton, and J. W. H. Dacey (2006), CO2 deposition over the multi-year ice of the western Weddell Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13606, doi:10.1029/2006GL026320. (Pubitemid 44945949)
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
