Procédure simple pour estimer les capacités de stockage de chaleur des systèmes solide/gaz : Application au stockage d’énergie solaire dans les bâtiments

The development of an autonomous solar heating system for individual houses using inter seasonal thermo-chemical storage assuring all the needs of heat and hot water relies on the appropriate choice of the sorbent/vapour pair. The selection of the working pair is of primary importance and the selection procedure rarely takes into account all the parameters of the global system (like solar collectors, heat distribution system, thermal needs of the building). We propose a selection procedure in three successive steps, the first one is only based on thermodynamic data (pressure and temperature conditions), the
second one includes heat and mass balances on the storage for a one-year period and the third one simulates the global system including the thermal needs of the building. This procedure highlights several promising working pairs which offer thermal energy densities higher than 300 kWh/m³ of reactor, but also allows the optimization of the storage system parameters: for example a 12 m³ reactor filled with CaCl2 coupled to a 14m²
surface area solar collector offers an energy density of nearly 200 kWh/m³ of reactor whereas the activated carbon/methanol pair reaches only 60 kWh/m³ of reactor with a 40m³
volume reactor and 13m² surface area solar collector.