[en] The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of the cholinergic pathway in mediating platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced pulmonary dysfunctions in unsedated calves. In a placebo group, PAF infusion challenge induced significant dysfunctions in the pattern of breathing [a significant increase in respiratory rate (RR) and a significant decrease in tidal volume (VT)], the mechanics of breathing [a significant increase in total lung resistance (RL) and a significant decrease in dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn)] and gas exchange, whereas in atropine pre-treated calves, PAF infusion challenge induced a significant increase in RR, VT and HR and a significant decrease in CLdyn. The RL increase was prevented by atropine pre-treatment. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that, in cattle, the PAF-induced pattern of breathing dysfunctions and the diffuse bronchoconstriction and microvascular leakage of small airways are not mediated through the cholinergic pathway. By contrast, our data suggest that PAF-induced bronchoconstriction of upper airways is at least partly mediated through muscarinic receptors.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Van de Weerdt, ML; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire
Husson, Cécile; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire
Lekeux, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie
Language :
English
Title :
Role of the cholinergic pathway in mediating platelet-Activating factor-induced pulmonary dysfunctions in unsedated calves
Publication date :
1999
Journal title :
Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine
BARNES, P. J., 1986: Neural control of human airways in health and disease. Am. Rev Respir. Dis. 134, 1289-1314.
BETHEL, R. A., S. P., CURTIS, D. C., LIEN, C. G. IRVIN, G. S. WORTHEN, A. R. LEFF, and P. M. HENSON, 1989: Effect of PAF on parasympathetic contraction of canine airways. J. Appl. Physiol. 66, 2629-2634.
CARRITHERS, J. A., F. LIU, H. W. SHIRER, and J. A. ORR, 1994: Mechanisms for the tachypneic response to the thromboxane A2 mimetic U-46619 in rabbits. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 35), R321-R327.
CHUNG, K. E., 1992: Platelet-activating factor in inflammation and pulmonary disorders. Clin. Sci. 83, 127-138.
CLEMENT, M. G., G. AGUGGINI, and G. MISEROCCHI, 1981: Respiratory modulation by vagal afferents in pigs. Quart. J. Exp. Physiol. 66, 263-272.
CLEMENT, M. G., M. ALBERTINI, M. DIMORI, and G. AGUGGINI, 1992: PAF and the role of the vagus nerve in the breathing pattern of the pig. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 45, 143-149.
COLERRIDGE, H. M. and J. C. G. COLERRIDGE, 1986: Reflexes evoked from tracheobronchial tree and lungs. In: FISHMAN, A. P. (ed.), Handbook of Physiology. A Critical, Comprehensive Presentation of Physiological Knowledge and Concepts, the Respiratory System, Vol. II, pp. 395-429. American Physiological Society, Bethesda.
DELAUNOIS, A., P. GUSTIN, and M. ANSAY, 1993: Role of neuropeptides in acetylcholine-induced edema in isolated and perfused rabbit lungs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 266, 483-491.
DESMECHT, D. J.-M., A. S. LINDEN, F. A. ROLLIN, H. AMORY, and P. M. LEKEUX, 1992: Effect of intravenous and aerosol administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine on pulmonary function values in healthy calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53, 315-320.
HELLER BROWN, J., 1990: Atropine, scopolamine, and related anti-muscarinic drugs. In: GOODMAN GILMAN, A. T. W. RALL, A. S. NIES, and P. TAYLOR (eds), Goodman Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, pp. 150-165. Pergamon Press Inc., New York.
JAIN, N. C., 1993: The platelets. In: JAIN, N. C. (ed.), Essentials of Veterinary Hematology pp. 109-132. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
KARLA, W., H. SHAMS, J. A. ORR, and P. SCHEID, 1992: Effects of the thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46,619, on pulmonary vagal afferent fibers in the cat. Respir. Physiol. 87, 383-396.
KYRIACOPUOLOS, F., E. BOICHOT, Y. LAGENTE, J. M. MENCIA-HUERTA, and P. BRAQUET, 1995: Role of PAF in the late airway microvascular leakage induced by antigen in IgE-sensitized rat. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 9, 350-356.
LEFF, A. R., S. R. WHITE, N. M. MUNOZ, K. J. POPOVICH, T. SHIOYA, and N. P. STIMLER-GERARD, 1987: Parasympathetic involvement in PAF-induced contraction in canine trachealis in vivo. J. Appl. Physiol. 62, 599-605.
LEKEUX, P., and T. ART, 1993: Mechanics of breathing in resting and exercising animals. In: LEKEUX, P. (ed.), Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals, pp. 67-91, V. D. T. Publications. Gand.
LEKEUX, P., T. ART, C. CLERCX, and P. GUSTIN, 1988: Influence of inertance on measurements of the mechanical properties of the bovine respiratory system. Vet. Res. Commun. 12, 61-66.
LEKEUX, P., R. HAJER, and H. J. BREUKINK, 1984: Intrathoracic pressure measurement in cattle: standardization procedure. Can. J. Comp. Med. 48, 420-421.
LEKEUX, P., R. HAJER, and H. J. BREUKINK, 1985: Upper airway resistance in healthy Friesian cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 38, 77-81.
LINDEN, A. S. D., J.-M. DESMECHT, H. AMORY, F. A. ROLLIN, C. L. MICHAUX, and P. M. LEKEUX, 1993: Pulmonary response to intravenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine after type-2 receptor blockade in healthy calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54, 168-173.
LINDEN, A. S. D., J.-M. DESMECHT, H. AMORY, and P. M. LEKEUX, 1996: Parasympathetic component of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced pulmonary dysfunctions in healthy calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 57, 896-901.
MUNOZ, N. M., C. F. KIRCHHOFF, M. E. STREK, R. N. BLUMENTHAL, and A. R. LETT, 1991: Effects of PAF on isolated rat airways perfused with blood-free solution. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 4), L260-L267.
RODARTE, J. R., and K. REHDER, 1986: Dynamics of respiration. In: FISHMAN, A. P., and A. B. FISHER (eds), Handbook of Physiology, Sect 3. The Respiratory System, Vol. 3, Mechanics of Breathing, Part 1, pp. 131-144. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD.
ROETS, E., C. BURVENICH, and M. ROBERTS, 1992: Muscarinic receptors subtypes, β-adrenoreceptors and cAMP in the tracheal smooth muscle of conventional and double-muscled calves. Vet. Res. Commun. 16, 465-476.
SHAMS, H., and P. SCHEID, 1990: Effects of thromboxane on respiration and pulmonary circulation in the cat: role of the vagus nerve. J. Appl. Physiol. 68, 2042-2046.
SLOCOMBE, R. F., and N. E. ROBINSON, 1981: Histamine H1, H2 receptor effects on mechanics ventilation and gas exchange in neonatal calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 42, 764-769.
UNDERWOOD, D. C., and P. J. KADOWITZ, 1989: Analysis of bronchoconstrictor responses to platelet-activating factor in the cat. J. Appl. Physiol. 67, 377-382.
VAN DE WEERDT, M.-L., J. COGHE, C. UYSTEPRUYST, and G. DEBY-DUPONT, 1999: Ketoprofen and phenylbutazone attenuation of PAF-induced lung inflammation in calves. Vet. J. 157, in press.
VAN DE WEERDT, M. L., D. DESMECHT, and P. LEKEUX, 1995: Physiologie et physiopathologie du facteur d'activation plaquettaire et perspectives thérapeutiques de ses antagonistes. Ann. Méd. Vét. 139, 99-119.
VAN DE WEERDT, M. L., D. DESMECHT, and P. LEKEUX, 1997; Effect of platelet-activating factor on bovine pulmonary function. Vet. Rec. 141, 168-172.
WINER, B. J., 1971: Single factor experiments having repeated measures on the same elements. In: Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, 2nd edn (WINER, B. J., ed.), pp. 196-201. McGraw-Hill, New York.
