Dermatitis, Irritant/diagnosis/etiology/pathology; Electric Conductivity; Epidermis/cytology/drug effects; Humans; Patch Tests/methods; Predictive Value of Tests; Silicon; Single-Blind Method; Surface-Active Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Water Loss, Insensible/drug effects
Abstract :
[en] BACKGROUND: Several instrumental methods can indirectly assess some specific aspects of cutaneous irritation at the level of the stratum corneum (SC). OBJECTIVE: There is a need for developing more sensitive approaches in this field. METHODS: We assessed a recently introduced innovative tool (SkinChip) based on capacitive pixel-sensing technology in its potential to detect early discrete manifestations of skin irritation. The sensor generates a detailed non-optical picture corresponding to a capacitance map of the skin surface reaching 50 microm pixel resolution. Some topographical details can be easily disclosed and the SC hydration as well. Two surfactant solutions were tested on volunteers. These solutions were applied under test patches for 2 days on the volar forearms. Clinical and SkinChip assessments were performed 3 h after removing the patch. RESULTS: The generated images allowed a precise observation of skin irritation which appeared as a two-step process. Early changes consisted of darker pixels corresponding to overhydrated swollen corneocytes at the irritated sites. Two days later, the same area appeared as white pixels, indicating the loss of corneocyte hydration. CONCLUSION: The SkinChip device appears to be a very sensitive tool for detecting the early steps of surfactant-induced skin irritation affecting the SC.
Disciplines :
Dermatology
Author, co-author :
Uhoda, Emmanuelle ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Dermatopathologie
Leveque, Jean Luc; L'OREAL, PARIS, FRANCE
Pierard, Gérald ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Dermatopathologie
Language :
English
Title :
Silicon image sensor technology for in vivo detection of surfactant-induced corneocyte swelling and drying.
Judge MR, Griffiths HA, Basketter DA, White IR, Rycroft RJG, McFadden JP: Variation in response of human skin to irritant challenge. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:115.
Agner T, Serup J: Individual and instrumental variations in irritant patch-test reactions: Clinical evaluation and quantification by bioengineering methods. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;15:29-33.
Widmer J, Elsner P, Burg G: Skin irritant reactivity following experimental cumulative irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1994;30:91-96.
Paye M, Van de Gaer D, Morrison BM Jr: Corneometry measurements to evaluate skin dryness in the modified soap chamber test. Skin Res Technol 1995;1:123-127.
Berardesca E: EEMCO guidance for the assessment of stratum corneum hydration: Electrical methods. Skin Res Technol 1997;3:126-132.
Goffin V, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE: Passive sustainable hydration of the stratum corneum following surfactant challenge. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:308-311.
Uhoda E, Paye M, Piérard GE: Comparative clinical electrometric assessments of the impact of surfactants on forearm skin. Exog Dermatol 2003;2:64-69.
Piérard GE, Goffin V, Piérard-Franchimont C: Squamometry and corneosurfametry in rating interactions of cleansing products with stratum corneum. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1994;45:269-277.
Piérard-Franchimont C, Henry F, Piérard GE: The SACD method and the XLRS squamometry tests revisited. Int J Cosmet 2000;22:437-446.
Zhai H, Fautz R, Fuchs A, Branco N, Maibach HI: Assessment of the subclinical irritation of surfactants: A screening open assay model. Exog Dermatol 2002;1:238-241.
Miyazawa K, Ogawa M, Mitsui T: The physico-chemical properties and protein denaturation potential of surfactant mixtures. Int J Cosmet Sci 1984;6:33-46.
Piérard GE, Goffin V, Piérard-Franchimont C: Corneosurfametry: A predictive assessment of the interaction of personal care cleansing products with human stratum corneum. Dermatology 1994;189:152-156.
Fartasch M: Human barrier formation and reaction to irritation; in Elsner P, Maibach HI (eds): New Clinical and Experimental Aspects. Current Problems in Dermatology, Basel, Karger, 1995, vol 23, pp 95-103.
Henry F, Goffin V, Maibach H, Piérard GE: Regional differences in stratum corneum reactivity to surfactants: Quantitative assessment using the corneosurfametry bioassay. Contact Dermatitis 1997;37:271-275.
Polefka T: Surfactant interactions with skin; in Broze G (ed): Handbook of Detergents. New York, Dekker, 1999, part A: Properties, pp 443-468.
Putterman GJ, Wolejsza NF, Wolfram MA, Laden K: The effect of detergents on swelling of stratum corneum. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1977; 28:521-532.
Rhein ID, Robbins CR, Ferne K, Cantore R: Surfactant structure effects on swelling of isolated human stratum corneum. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1986;37:125-139.
Zeidler U: Physico-chemical in vitro methods for determination of the skin compatibility of surfactants. J Soc Cosmet Chem Jpn 1986;20: 17-26.
Goffin V, Paye M, Piérard GE: Comparison of in vitro predictive tests for irritation induced by anionic surfactants. Contact Dermatitis 1995;3:38-41.
Wilhelm KP, Cua AB, Wolff HH, Maibach HI: Surfactant-induced stratum corneum hydration in vivo: Prediction of the irritation potential of anionic surfactants. J Invest Dermatol 1993;101:310-315.
Lévêque JL, Querleux B: SkinChip®, a new tool for investigating the skin surface in vivo. Skin Res Technol 2003;9:343-347.
Piérard GE, Uhoda I, Piérard-Franchimont C: From skin microrelief to wrinkles: An area ripe for investigations. J Cosmet Dermatol 2003;2: 21-28.
Piérard GE, Lévèque JL: What is SkinChip®? From silicon image sensor technology to SkinChip®. Dermatology 2004;208:291-292.
Lévêque JL, Goubanova E: Influence of age on lips and the perioral skin. Dermatology 2004; 208:307-313.
Rhein LD, Simion A: Surfactant interactions with skin. Surf Sci Ser 1991;32:33-49.
Goffin V, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE: Sensitive skin and stratum corneum reactivity to household cleaning products. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:81-85.
Fischer TW, Wigger-Alberti W, Elsner P: Assessment of 'dry skin': Current bioengineering methods and test designs. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2001;14:183-195.
Rogiers V, the EEMCO group: EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2001;14:117-128.
Zuang V, Balls M, Botham PA, Coquette A, Corsini E, Curren RD, Elliott GR, Fentem JH, Heylings JR, Liebsch M, Medina J, Roguet R, van de Sandt JJM, Wiermann C, Worth AP: Follow-up to the ECVAM prevalidation study on in vitro tests for acute skin irritation: ECVAM skin irritation task force report 2. Altern Lab Anim 2002;30:109-129.
Uhoda E, Piérard GE: Irritation cutanée et vitesse de propagation d'ondes ultrasonores. Int J Cosmet Sci 2003;25:31-35.
Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE: Beyond a glimpse at seasonal dry skin: A review. Exog Dermatol 2002;1:3-6.
Lévêque JL: EEMCO guidance for the assessment of skin topography. J Eur Acad Dermatol Vénéréol 1999;12:103-114.