[en] Gonadotropins of pituitary origin (follitropin -FSH-, lutropin -LH-, human menopausal gonadotropin -hMG) or trophoblastic origin (human chorionic gonadotropin - hCG- also called pregnant urine gonadotropin -pU-, equine chorionic gonadotropin -eCG- also called pregnant mare serum gonadotropin -PMSG-) are largely used to treat infertility or to better control sexuality in various species of mammals: bovine, canine, caprine, equine, feline, human,ovine, porcine, rabbit, ... This manuscript reports the discovery of these molecules, describes their biochemical characteristics and gives the main indications (e.g. oestrus induction and synchronization, ovulation, superovulation, fertility improvement, anoestrus treatment, receptivity induction) in animals and human. Litterature data reporting on effects and possible side effects of their repeated use are presented. Due to slight differences in amino acids sequences, carbohydrates contents and tridimentionnal structures, repeated use of exogeneous gonadotropins may induce immunological reactions leading to non specific reactions and lower biological response. A reflection concludes this revue, pointing out the positive influence of the philogenetic distance existing between the species origin of the gonadotropin (human or equine) and the treated one, on the intensity of the immune reaction. [fr] Les gonadotropines pituitaires (follitropine -FSH-; lutropine -LH-; human Menopausal Gonadotropin -hMG-) et placentaires (human Chorionic Gonadotropin -hCG- encore appelée pregnant Urine gonadotropin -pU-; taquine Chorionic Gonadotropin -eCG- encore appelée Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin -PMSG-) sont couramment utilisées dans le traitement de l'infertilité ou dans la maîtrise de la sexualité chez les mammifères des espèces bovine, canine, caprine, cunicole, équine, féline, ovine, porcine et humaine... Cet article décrit leurs utilisations principales (induction et synchronisation de l'oestrus, induction de l'ovulation, superovulation, augmentation de la fertilité, traitement de certaines formes d'anoestrus, induction de la réceptivité), éclairées d'une relation historique de leur découverte (gonadotropines chorioniques équine et humaine) et de la description de leurs principales propriétés biochimiques. La description de la production d'anticorps anti-gonadotropines chez les dif¬férentes espèces soumises à des expositions répétées à ces molécules exogènes est éclairée par une approche biochimique de leurs structures respectives, mettant en évidence le haut pourcentage d'homologie des séquences d'acides-aminés les composant (conservation de séquences types au cours de l'évolution). Ainsi, les séquences en acides-aminés des différentes gonadotropines (dans un même espèce et entre espèces) sont suffisamment conservées que pour que l'hormone induise une réponse chez un animal traité, mais sont en même temps suffisamment différentes que pour provoquer une réaction immune chez l'animal d'une espèce plus éloignée qui y serait répetitivement exposé. Un bref rappel de notions d'immunologie de base permet au lecteur de recentrer ses connaissances sur les principaux mécanismes physiologiques impliqués dans la pathogénie d'une réaction anaphylactique ou d'immunorésistance. Enfin, une réflexion soulignant l'influence de la distance phylogénétique entre l'espèce source (humaine ou équine) et l'espèce traitée sur l'intensité de la réaction immunitaire termine la revue; elle pourra orienter les praticiens vers une utilisation plus raisonnée des gonadotropines
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Drion, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire > Physiologie de la Reproduction
Houtain, Jean-Yves; Université de Liège - ULiège - ULG > Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire > Physiologie de la Reproduction
MC Namara, M.; Université de Liège - ULiège - ULG > Faculté de Médecine > Biochimie
Baril, Gérard; Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique - INRA > PRMD _ NOUZILLY FRANCE
Heyman, Yvan; Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique - INRA > Physiologie du Développement - Jouy-en-Josas France
Cognié, Yves; Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique - INRA > PRMD Nouzilly France
Theau-Clément, Michèle; Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique - INRA > Station d'amélioration génétique des animaux- Castanet Tolosan France
Leboeuf, B.; Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique - INRA > SEIA -Rouillé France
Ectors, Francis; Université de Liège - ULiège - ULG > Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire > Physiologie de la Reproduction
Segers, K.; Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique - INRA > SEIA Rouillé France
Beckers, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie de la reproduction
Language :
French
Title :
Utilisation répétée des gonadotropines exogènes dans le contrôle de la reproduction: justifications et effets secondaires potentiels
Alternative titles :
[en] Management of reproduction: indications of gonadotropin use and possible side effects of repeated administration : a review
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