[en] During pregnancy, the endocrine function of the gonads and the foeto-placental unit involves the synthesis of several hormones (progesterone, oestrogens, cortisol, prostaglandins, prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, also designed "chorionic somatomammotropin", etc.), and a series of growth factors and proteins. Some proteins and glycoproteins synthesized during gestation interfere with the establishment of pregnancy, corpus luteum maintenance, intermediate maternal metabolism, fetal growth, mammary growth and immunotolerance of the conceptus by the mother. This review includes a presentation of the main pregnancy-related hormones and proteins and their hypothetical role on the immunological status of the mother. [fr] Pendant la gestation, la fonction endocrinienne des gonades et de l’unité fœto-placentaire comprend la production de diverses hormones (progestérone, œstrogènes, cortisol, prostaglandines, prolactine, gonadotropine chorionique, hormone lactogène placentaire, aussi connue sous le nom de "somatomammotropine chorionique", etc.), de facteurs de croissance et de protéines diverses. Parmi ces dernières, se retrouvent les protéines et glycoprotéines impliquées dans de nombreux processus biologiques, dont : l’établissement de la gestation, le maintien du corps jaune, le métabolisme intermédiaire maternel, la croissance fœtale et mammaire et l’immuno-tolérance du conceptus. Les principales protéines et hormones associées à la gestation et leur relation éventuelle avec la fonction immune seront passées en revue sur base des connaissances actuelles disponibles dans la littérature scientifique
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Melo de Sousa, Noelita ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie de la reproduction
Figueiredo, J. R.
El Amiri, Bouchra
Banga-Mboko, Henri
Beckers, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie de la reproduction
Language :
French
Title :
Potential influence of pregnancy hormones and proteins synthesized during pregnancy on the maternal immunological status
Alternative titles :
[fr] Influence potentielle des hormones et protéines synthétisées au cours de la gestation sur l'état immunitaire de la mère
Publication date :
2002
Journal title :
Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire
ISSN :
0003-4118
eISSN :
1781-3875
Publisher :
ULg - Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Volume :
146
Issue :
2
Pages :
71-82
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Ailenberg, M., Shemesh, M., Partial purification of a chorionic gonadotropin-like protein from bovine cotyledons (1983) Biol. Reprod., 28, pp. 517-522
Allen, W.R., The influence of fetal genotype upon endometrial cup development and PMSG and progesterone production in equids (1975) J. Reprod. Fert., 23 (SUPPL.), pp. 405-413
Anthony, R.V., Pratt, S.L., Liang, R., Holland, M.D., Placental-fetal hormonal interactions: Impact on fetal growth (1995) J. Anim. Sci., 73, pp. 1861-1871
Arima, Y., Bremel, R.D., Purification and characterization of bovine placental lactogen (1983) Endocrinology, 113, pp. 2186-2194
Aschheim, S., Weitere untersuchungen ueber hormone and schwangerschaft. Das vorkommen der hormone in harn der schwangeren (1927) Arch. Gynaekol., 132, pp. 179-183
Aschheim, S., Zondek, B., Schangerschaftsdiagnose aus dem harn (durch Hormonnachweis) (1928) Klin. Wschr., 7, pp. 8-9
Assal-Meliani, A., Charpigny, G., Reinaud, P., Martal, J., Chaouat, G., Recombinant ovine trophoblastin (roTP) inhibits ovine, murine and human lymphocyte proliferation (1993) J. Reprod. Immunol., 25, pp. 149-165
Athanasas-Platsis, S., Corcoran, C.M., Kaye, P.L., Cavanagh, A.C., Morton, H., Early pregnancy factor is required at two important stages of embryonic development in the mouse (2000) Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 43, pp. 223-233
Atkinson, Y.H., Gogolin-Ewens, K.J., Hounsell, E.F., Davies, M.J., Brandon, M.R., Seamark, R.F., Characterization of placentation-specific binucleate cell glycoproteins possessing a novel carbohydrate. Evidence for a new family of pregnancy-associated molecules (1993) J. Biol. Chem., 268 (35), pp. 26679-26685
Beaconsfield, P., Birdwood, G., Beaconsfield, R., Le placenta (1980) Pour la science, 1, pp. 29-37
Beckers, J.F., (1983) L'hormone placentaire somatomammotrope bovine, , (Thèse d'Agrégation), Université de Liège. Liège, 207 p
Beckers, J.F., Fromont-Lienard, Ch., Van der Zwalmen, P., Wouters-Ballman, P., Ectors, F., Isolement d'une hormone placentaire bovine présentant une activité analogue à la prolactine et à l'hormone de croissance (1980) Ann. Méd. Vét., 124, pp. 584-601
Beckers, J.F., Dewulf, M., Verstegen, J., Wouters-Ballman, P., Ectors, F., Isolation of a bovine chorionic gonadotrophin (bCG) (1988) Theriogenology, 29, p. 218
Beckers, J.F., Roberts, R.M., Zoli, A.P., Ectors, F., Derivaux, J., Molecules of the family of aspartic proteinases in the placenta of ruminants: Hormones or proteins? (1994) Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg., 149, pp. 355-367
Beer, A.E., Billingham, R.E., Maternal immunological recognition mechanisms during pregnancy (1979) Maternal recognition of pregnancy (CIBA Fndn Symp. No64 (New Series)), pp. 293-309. , Elsevier: North-Holland, Amsterdam
Betteridge, K.J., Eaglesome, M.D., Randall, G.C.B., Mitchell, D., Collection, description and transfer of embryos from cattle 10-16 days after oestrus (1980) J. Reprod. Fert., 59, pp. 205-216
Butler, J.E., Hamilton, W.C., Sasser, R.G., Ruder, C.A., Hass, G.M., Williams, R.J., Detection and partial characterization of two bovine pregnancy-specific proteins (1982) Biol. Reprod., 26, pp. 925-933
Buttle, H.L., Forsyth, I.A., Placental lactogen in the cow (1976) J. Endocrinol., 68, pp. 141-146
Cavanagh, A.C., Production in vitro of mouse early pregnancy factor and purification to homogeneity (1984) J. Reprod. Fertil., 71, pp. 581-592
Cavanagh, A.C., Morton, H., The purification of early-pregnancy factor to homogeneity from human platelets and identification as chaperonin 10 (1994) Eur. J. Biochem., 222, pp. 551-560
Cavanagh, A.C., Morton, H., Rolfe, B.E., Gidley-Baird, A.A., Ovum factor: A first signal of pregnancy? (1982) Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 2, pp. 97-101
Chan, J.S.D., Robertson, H., Friesen, H.G., Maternal and fetal concentrations of ovine placental lactogen measured by radioimmunoassay (1978) Endocrinology, 102, pp. 1606-1613
Chaouat, G., Menu, E., Immunology of pregnancy (1993) Reproduction in mammals and man, pp. 435-459. , Thibault C., Levasseur M.C., Hunter R.H.F. (Editors). Ed. Ellipses: Paris
Charlier, M., Hue, D., Boisnard, M., Martal, J., Gaye, P., Cloning and structural analysis of two distinct families of ovine interferon-alpha genes encoding functional class II and trophoblast (oTP) alpha-interferons (1991) Mol. Cell Endocrinol., 76, pp. 161-171
Charpigny, G., Reinaud, P., Huet, J.C., Guillomot, M., Charlier, M., Pernollet, J.C., Martal, J., High homology between a trophoblastic protein (trophoblastin) isolated from ovine embryo and alpha-interferons (1988) FEBS Lett., 228, pp. 12-16
Cocchiara, R., Di Trapani, G., Azzolina, A., Geraci, D., Immunosuppressive effect of early pregnancy factor on early expression of cell surface membrane IgG (1986) J. Reprod. Immunol., 9, pp. 23-32
Cole, H.H., Hart, G.H., The potency of blood serum of mares in progressive stages of pregnancy in effecting the sexual maturity of the immature rat (1930) Am. J. Physiol., 93, pp. 57-68
Cruz, Y.P., Selwood, L., Morton, H., Cavanagh, A.C., Significance of serum early pregnancy factor concentrations during pregnancy and embryonic development in Sminthopsis macroura (Spencer) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) (2001) Reproduction, 121, pp. 933-939
Currie, W.B., Card, C.E., Michel, F.J., Ignotz, G., Purification, partial characterization, and development of a specific radioimmunoassay for goat placental lactogen (1990) J. Reprod. Fert., 90, pp. 25-36
De la Llosa-Hermier, M.P., Leboulleux, P., Chene, N., Martal, J., Inhibitory effect of ovine and human placental lactogens on progesterone catabolism in luteinized rat ovaries in vitro (1983) Placenta, 4, pp. 479-487
Dosogne, H., Massart-Leen, A.M., Burvenich, C., Immunological aspects of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (2000) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 480, pp. 295-305
Dunbar, M.M., Wong, T.S., Ruder-Montgomery, C.A., Chew, B.P., Sasser, R.G., Partial characterization of the immunosuppressive properties of pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) (1990) Theriogenology, 33, p. 220
Fillion, C., Chaouat, G., Reinaud, P., Charpigny, J.C., Martal, J., Immunoregulatory effects of ovine trophoblastin protein (oTP): All five isoforms suppress PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation (1991) J. Reprod. Immunol., 19, pp. 237-249
Forsyth, I.A., Variation among species in the endocrine control of mammary growth and function: The roles of prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen (1986) J. Dairy Sci., 69, pp. 886-903
Gabrilovac, J., Zadjelovic, J., Osmak, M., Suchanek, E., Zupanovic, Z., Boranic, M., NK cell activity and estrogen hormone levels during normal human pregnancy (1988) Gynecol. Obstet. Invest., 25, pp. 165-172
Garbayo, J.M., Remy, B., Alabart, J.L., Folch, J., Wattiez, R., Falmagne, P., Beckers, J.F., Isolation and partial characterization of a pregnancy-associated glycoprotein family from the goat placenta (1998) Biol. Reprod., 58, pp. 109-115
Godkin, J.D., Smith, S.E., Johnson, R.D., Dore, J.J., The role of trophoblast interferons in the maintenance of early pregnancy in ruminants (1997) Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 37, pp. 137-143
Gogolin-Ewens, K.J., Lee, C.S., Mercer, W.R., Moseby, A.M., Brandon, M.R., Characterization of a sheep trophoblast-derived antigen first appearing at implantation (1986) Placenta, 7, pp. 243-255
Guilbault, L.A., Beckers, J.F., Roy, G.L., Grasso, F., Plasma concentrations of bovine placental lactogen, prolactin and prostaglandins during the periparturient period in Ayrshire heifers bearing different breeds of fetus (1988) Theriogenology, 29, p. 255
Guillomot, M., Reinaud, P., La Bonnardiere, C., Charpigny, G., Characterization of conceptus-produced goat interferon tau and analysis of its temporal and cellular distribution during early pregnancy (1998) J. Reprod. Fertil., 112, pp. 149-156
Hansen, T.R., Austin, K.J., Perry, D.J., Pru, J.K., Teixeira, M.G., Johnson, G.A., Mechanism of action of interferon-tau in the uterus during early pregnancy (1999) J. Reprod. Fertil., 54, pp. 329-339
Hayden, T.J., Thomas, C.R., Fosyth, I.A., Effect of number of young born (litter size) on milk yield of goats: Role for placental lactogen (1979) J. Dairy Sci., 62, pp. 53-57
Helmer, S.D., Hansen, P.J., Anthony, R.V., Thatcher, W.W., Bazer, F.W., Roberts, R.M., Identification of bovine trophoblast protein-1, a secretory protein immunologically related to ovine trophoblast protein-1 (1987) J. Reprod. Fertil., 79, pp. 83-91
Hoeben, D., Monfardini, E., Opsomer, G., Burvenich, C., Dosogne, H., De Kruif, A., Beckers, J.F., Chemiluminescence of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the periparturient period and relation with metabolic markers and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (2000) J. Dairy Res., 67, pp. 249-259
Hsi, B.L., Hunt, J.S., Atkinson, J.P., Differential expression of complement regulatory proteins on subpopulations of human trophoblast cells (1991) J. Reprod. Immunol., 19, pp. 209-223
Khan, O.A., Jiang, H., Subramaniam, P.S., Johnson, H.M., Dhib-Jalbut, S.S., Immunomodulating functions of recombinant ovine interferon tau: Potential for therapy in multiple sclerosis and autoimmune disorders (1998) Mult. Scler., 4, pp. 63-69
Lacroix, M.C., Martal, J., Demonstration evolution of chorionic gonadotropin in ewes (1979) C. R. Seances Acad. Sci. D., 288, pp. 771-774
Lala, P.K., Kennedy, T.G., Parhar, R.S., Suppression of lymphocyte alloreactivity by early gestational human decidua. II. Characterization of the suppressor mechanisms (1988) Cell Immunol., 116, pp. 411-422
Lea, R.G., Bolton, A.E., The effect of horse placental tissue extracts and equine chorionic gonadotrophin on the proliferation of horse lymphocytes stimulated in vitro (1991) J. Reprod. Immunol., 19, pp. 13-23
Lunen, J.E., Foote, W.C., Gonadotropic activity in bovine serum and placental tissue (1967) Endocrinology, 81, pp. 61-66
Lynch, K.A., Alexander, R.M., Sasser, R.G., The cloning and expression of the bovine pregnancy specific protein B (bPSPB) gene (1992) Biol. Reprod., 46 (SUPPL. 1), p. 73
Martal, J., Djiane, J., Purification of a lactogenic hormone in sheep placenta (1975) Bioch. Biophys. Res. Commun., 65, pp. 770-778
Martal, J., Lacroix, M.C., Lourdes, C., Saunier, M., Wintenberger-Torres, S., Trophoblastin an antiluteolytic protein present in early pregnancy in sheep (1979) J. Reprod. Fert., 56, pp. 63-73
Medina, K.L., Smithson, G., Kincade, P.W., Suppression of B lymphopoiesis during normal pregnancy (1993) J. Exp. Med., 178, pp. 1507-1515
Mendelsohn, J., Multer, M.M., Bernheim, J.L., Inhibition of human lymphocyte stimulation by steroid hormones: Cytokinetic mechanisms (1977) Clin. Exp. Immunol., 27, pp. 127-134
Metcalf, P., Fusek, M., Cathepsin D crystal Structures and lysosomal sorting (1995) Aspartic Proteinases: Structure, Function, Biology and Biomedical Implications, 362, pp. 193-200. , Takahashi, K. (Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers: New York
Mialon, M.M., Camous, S., Renand, G., Martal, J., Menissier, F., Peripheral concentrations of a 60-kDa pregnancy serum protein during gestation and after calving and in relationship to embryonic mortality in cattle (1993) Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 33, pp. 269-282
Moor, R.M., Rowson, L.E., Local uterine mechanisms affecting luteal function in the sheep (1966) J. Reprod. Fertil., 11, pp. 307-310
Moreira da Silva, F., Burvenich, C., Paape, M.J., Beckers, J.F., Leen, A.M., Effect of cortisol, estradiol, progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein on oxidative burst (OB) activity of bovine neutrophils (PMN) (1997) 32th National Meeting Hyatt Regence Baltimore USA, p. 214
Morton, H., Hegh, V., Clumie, G.J.A., Immunosuppression detected in pregnant mice by rosette inhibition test (1974) Nature, 249, pp. 459-460
Morton, H., Rolfe, B.E., Clumie, G.J.A., Andresson, M.J., Morrison, J., An early pregnancy factor detected in human serum by the rosette inhibition test (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 394-397
Morton, H., Clunie, G.J., Shaw, F.D., A test for early pregnancy in sheep (1979) Res. Vet. Sci., 26, pp. 261-262
Morton, H., Morton, D.Y., Ellendorf, F., The appearance and characteristics of early pregnancy factor in the pig (1983) J. Reprod. Fert., 68, pp. 437-446
Murphy, S.P., Tomasi, T.B., Absence of MHC class II antigen expression in trophoblast cells results from a lack of class II transactivator (CIITA) gene expression (1998) Mol. Reprod. Dev., 51, pp. 1-12
Muchmore, A.V., Blaese, R.M., Immunoregulatory properties of fractions from human pregnancy urine: Evidence that human chorionic gonadotropin is not responsible (1977) J. Immunol., 118, pp. 881-886
Mujtaba, M.G., Streit, W.J., Johnson, H.M., IFN-tau suppresses both the autoreactive humoral and cellular immune responses and induces stable remission in mice with chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1998) Cell. Immunol., 186, pp. 94-102
Mujtaba, M.G., Villarete, L., Johnson, H.M., IFN-tau inhibits IgE production in a murine model of allergy and in an IgE-producing human myeloma cell line (1999) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 104, pp. 1037-1044
Murdoch, W.J., (2001) Pregnancy diagnosis, , http://www.uwyo.edu/ag/anisci/wjm/repro/pregdiag.htm, (sans date) [en ligne] Consulté le 7 août
Nancarrow, C.D., Wallace, A.L.C., Detection of fertilization in sheep and cattle: Serological estimation and description of properties of an early pregnancy factor (1980) Proc. 9th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & Art.Insem., 3, p. 85
Northey, D.L., French, L.R., Effect of embryo removal and intrauterine infusion of embryonic homogenates on the lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum (1980) J. Anim. Sci., 50, pp. 298-302
Parhar, R.S., Yagel, S., Lala, P.K., PGE2-mediated immunosuppression by first trimester human decidual cells blocks activation of maternal leukocytes in the decidua with potential anti-trophoblast activity (1989) Cell. Immunol., 120, pp. 61-74
Reddy, S., Watkins, W.B., Immunofluorescent localization of ovine placental lactogen (1978) J. Reprod. Fert., 52, pp. 173-174
Roberts, R.M., Xie, S., Mathialagan, N., Maternal recognition of pregnancy (1996) Biol. Reprod., 54, pp. 294-302
Rowson, L.E., Moor, R.M., The influence of embryonic tissue homogenate infused into the uterus, on the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the sheep (1967) J. Reprod. Fertil., 13, pp. 511-516
Runic, C., Lockwood, C.J., Ma, Y., Dipasquale, B., Guller, S., Expression of Fas ligant by human cytotrophoblasts: Implications in placentation and fetal survival (1996) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 81, pp. 3119-3122
Sanyal, M.K., Brami, C.J., Bischof, P., Simmons, E., Barnea, E.R., Dwyer, J.M., Naftolin, F., Immunoregulatory activity in supernatants from cultures of normal human trophoblast cells of the first trimester (1989) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 161, pp. 446-453
Sardajana, I.K.W., Tainturier, D., Djiane, J., Etude de l'hormone chorionique somatomammotrophique dans le plasma et le lactoserum au cours de la gestation et du postpartum chez la chèvre (application au diagnosic tardif de gestation) (1988) Rev. Méd. Vét., 139, pp. 1045-1052
Schafer, A., Pauli, G., Friedmann, W., Duden-Hausen, J.W., Human choriogonadotropin (hCG) and placental lactogen (hPL) inhibit interleukin-2 (IL-2) and increase interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), -6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) expression in monocyte cell cultures (1992) J. Perinat. Med., 20, pp. 233-240
Selye, H., Collip, J.B., Thomson, D.L., The effect of hypophysectomy upon pregnancy and lactation (1933) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. N.Y., 30, pp. 589-592
Siiteri, P.K., Stites, D.P., Immunologic and endocrine interrelationship in pregnancy (1977) Biol. Reprod., 26, pp. 1-14
Skopets, B., Li, J., Thatcher, W.W., Roberts, R.M., Hansen, P.J., Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by bovine trophoblast protein-1 (type I trophoblast interferon) and bovine interferon-alpha I1 (1992) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 34, pp. 81-96
Soos, J.M., Subramaniam, P.S., Hobeika, A.C., Schiffenbauer, J., Johnson, H.M., The IFN pregnancy recognition hormone IFN-tau blocks both development and superantigen reactivation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis without associated toxicity (1995) J. Immunol., 155, pp. 2747-2753
Sueoka, K., Dharmarajan, A.M., Miyazaki, T., Atlas, S.J., Wallach, E.E., In-vivo in-vitro determination of components of rabbit early pregnancy factors (1989) J. Reprod. Fertil., 87, pp. 47-53
Szekeres-Bartho, J., Chaouat, G., Kinsky, R., A progesterone-induced blocking factor corrects high resorption rates in mice treated with antiprogesterone (1990) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 163, pp. 1320-1322
Szekeres-Bartho, J., Kinsky, R., Chaouat, G., The effect of a progesterone-induced immunologic blocking factor on NK-mediated resorption (1990) Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 24, pp. 105-107
Takagi, M., Nishimura, K., Oguri, N., Ohnuma, K., Ito, K., Takahashi, J., Yasuda, Y., Sato, K., Measurement of early pregnancy factor activity for monitoring the viability of the equine embryo (1998) Theriogenology, 50, pp. 255-262
Thatcher, W.W., Macmillan, K.L., Hansen, P.J., Drost, M., Concepts for regulation of corpus luteum function by the conceptus and ovarian follicles to improve fertility Theriogenology, 31, pp. 149-164
Tuo, W., Ott, T.L., Bazer, F.W., Natural killer cell activity of lymphocytes exposed to ovine, type I, trophoblast interferon (1993) Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 29, pp. 26-34
Wrezlewicz, W., Rashkoff, E., Lucas, T., Ramasamy, N., Sawyer, P.N., Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin and antithymocyte-globulin on the electrophoretic mobility of human lymphocytes (1977) Transplant Proc., 9, pp. 1441-1445
Xie, S., Low, R.C., Nagel, R.J., Kramer, K.K., Anthony, R.V., Zoli, A.P., Beckers, J.F., Roberts, R.M., Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, pp. 10247-10251
Xie, S., Low, B.G., Nagel, R.J., Beckers, J.F., Roberts, R.M., A novel glycoprotein of the aspartic proteinase gene family expressed in bovine placental trophectoderm (1994) Biol. Reprod., 51, pp. 1145-1153
Xie, S., Green, J.A., Bao, B., Beckers, J.F., Valdez, K.E., Hakami, L., Roberts, R.M., Multiple pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are secreted by day 100 ovine placental tissue (1997) Biol. Reprod., 57, pp. 1384-1393
Yagel, S., Hurwitz, A., Rosenn, B., Keizer, N., Progesterone enhancement of prostaglandin E2 production by fetal placental macrophages (1987) Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. Microbiol., 14, pp. 45-48
Zoli, A.P., Beckers, J.F., Wouters-Ballman, P., Closset, J., Falmagne, P., Ectors, F., Purification characterization of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (1991) Biol. Reprod., 45, pp. 1-10