[en] Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), carried by wildebeest asymptomatically, causes malignant catarrhal fever (WD-MCF) when cross-species transmitted to a variety of susceptible species of the Artiodactyla order. Experimentally, WD-MCF can be reproduced in rabbits. WD-MCF is described as a combination of lymphoproliferation and degenerative lesions in virtually all organs and caused by unknown mechanisms. Recently, we demonstrated that WD-MCF is associated with the proliferation of CD8(+) cells supporting a latent type of infection in lymphoid tissues. Here, we investigated the macroscopic distribution of AlHV-1 infection using ex vivo bioluminescence imaging in rabbit to determine whether it correlates with the distribution of lesions in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. To reach that goal, a recombinant AlHV-1 strain was produced by insertion of a luciferase expression cassette (luc) in an intergenic region. In vitro, the reconstituted AlHV-1 luc(+) strain replicated comparably to the parental strain and luciferase activity was detected by bioluminescence imaging. In vivo, rabbits infected with the AlHV-1 luc(+) strain developed WD-MCF comparably to the parental wild-type strain with hyperthermia and increase of both CD8(+) T cells frequencies and viral genomic charge over time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in lymph nodes at time of euthanasia. Bioluminescent imaging revealed that AlHV-1 infection could be detected ex vivo in lymphoid organs but also in lung, liver and kidney during WD-MCF, demonstrating that AlHV-1 infection is prevalent in tissue lesions. Finally, we show that the infiltrating mononuclear leukocytes in non-lymphoid organs are mainly CD8(+) T cells and that latency is predominant during WD-MCF.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Dewals, Benjamin G ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie
Myster, Françoise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie
Palmeira, Leonor ; Université de Liège - ULiège > HEC-Ecole de gestion : UER > UER Langues
Gillet, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie
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