Depression; Growth hormone; Menopause; Sex Factors; Diagnosis, Differential; Clonidine
Abstract :
[en] Objective: The authors' goal was to establish, in a large multicenter sample of patients classified according to gender and menopausal status, if the growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine discriminated patients with episodes of major depression from patients with episodes of minor depression. Method: The GH response to intravenous clonidine administration (150 μg) was compared in 71 male and 140 female patients with major depressive episodes and 47 male and 53 female patients with minor depressive episodes. These patients were diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. Results: Differences in the GH response to clonidine between diagnostic groups occurred only between male patients. These results were found in the group as a whole and in each center. The GH responses to clonidine of premenopausal women differed significantly from those of postmenopausal women in each diagnostic group. Conclusions: These results confirm that gender and menopausal status are of the utmost importance in the interpretation of the clonidine GH test.
Disciplines :
Psychiatry
Author, co-author :
Schittecatte, Michel; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Charles, Gerard; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Machowski, Robert; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Dumont, Françoise; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Garcia-Valentin, José; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Wilmotte, Jean; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Papart, Patrick ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Psycho. quantitative - Psychiatrie légale et sociale
PITCHOT, William ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Psychiatrie et psychologie médicale
WAUTHY, Jacques ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Psychiatrie et psychologie médicale
Ansseau, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Psychiatrie et psychologie médicale
Pelc, Isidor; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Hoffman, Guy; Hôpital Vincent Van Gogh > Psychiatrie
Language :
English
Title :
Effect of gender and diagnostic on growth hormone response to clonidine for major depression : A large scale multicenter study
Publication date :
1994
Journal title :
American Journal of Psychiatry
ISSN :
0002-953X
eISSN :
1535-7228
Publisher :
American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, United States - Virginia
Schitrecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Wilmotte J: Tricyclic washout and growth hormone response to clonidine. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154:858-863
Siever LJ, Davis KL: Overview: toward a dysregulation hypothesis of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142:1017-1031
Ansseau M, Scheyvaerts M, Doumont A, Legros JJ, Franck G: Concurrent use of REM latency, dexamethasone suppression, clonidine and apomorphine tests as biological markers of endogenous depression: a pilot study. Psychiatr Res 1984; 12:261-272
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Garcia-Valentin J, Wilmotte J: Controversies about the clonidine test, in Biological Markers of Depression: State of the Art: Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 932. Edited by Ansseau M, von Frenkell R, Franck G. New York, Excerpta Medica, 1991
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Nefve C, Garcia-Valentin J, Machowski R, Wilmotte J: Long-term downregulation of central adrenoceptor function by desipramine treatment: a clonidine study in normal subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 31:856-858
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Wilmotte J: Growth hormone response to clonidine in untreated depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 1989; 29:199-206
Horton RW, Katona CL, Theodorou AE, Hale AS, Davies SL, Tunnicliffe C, Yamaguchi C, Paykel ES, Kelly JS: Platelet radioligand binding and neuroendocrine challenge tests in depression. Ciba Found Symp 1986; 123:84-105
Katona CL, Healy D, Paykel ES, Theodorou AE, Lawrence KM, Whitehouse A, White B, Horton RW: Growth hormone and physiological responses to clonidine in depression. Psychol Med 1993; 23:57-63
Hoehe M, Valido G, Matussek N: Growth hormone, noradrenaline, blood pressure and cortisol responses to clonidine in healthy male volunteers: dose-response relations and reproducibility. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1988; 13:409-418
Ransohoff DF, Feinstein AR: Problems of spectrum and bias in evaluating the efficacy of diagnostic tests. N Engl J Med 1978; 229:926-930
Nierenberg AA, Feinstein AR: How to evaluate a diagnostic marker test. JAMA 1988; 259:1699-1702
Spitzer RL, Endicott J: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Lifetime Version, 3rd ed. New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1978
Charles G, Ansseau M: Guide pour le diagnostic des troubles affectifs et de la schizophrénie. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1987; 87: 361-516
Hamilton M: A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23:56-62
Matussek N, Ackenheil M, Hippius H, Muller F, Schröder HT, Schuhes H, Wasilewski B: Effect of clonidine on growth hormone release in psychiatric patients and controls. Psychiatr Res 1980; 2:25-36
Laackman G: Psychopharmacology and Depression Research. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1990
Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders, 3rd ed. New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1980
Ansseau M: Critères de diagnostic pour la recherche en psychiatrie. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1985; 85:253-324
Ansseau M, von Frenkell R, Cerfontaine JL, Papart P, Timsit-Berthier M, Geenen V, Legros JJ: Blunted response of growth hormone to clonidine and apomorphine in endogenous depression. Br J Psychiatry 1988; 153:65-71
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Depauw Y, Mesters P, Wilmotte J: Growth hormone response to clonidine in panic disorder patients. Psychiatr Res 1988; 23:147-151
Theodorsson-Norheim E: Kruskal-Wallis test: BASIC computer program to perform nonparametric one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons on ranks of several independent samples. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1986; 23:57-62
Hull CH, Nie NH: SPSS Update 7-9: New Procedures and Facilities for Releases 7-9. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1981
Boyer P, Davila M, Schaub C, Nassiet J: Growth hormone response to clonidine stimulation in depressive states, I: a two-part study. Psychiatrie et Psychobiologie 1986; 1:189-195
Trestman RL, Siever LJ: Growth hormone response to clonidine in depression, in Biological Markers of Depression: State of the Art: Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 932. Edited by Ansseau M, von Frenkell R, Franck G. New York, Excerpta Medica, 1991
Matussek N, Ackenheil M, Herz M: The dependence of the clonidine growth hormone test on alcohol drinking habits and the menstrual cycle. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1984; 9:173-177
Charney DS, Heninger GG, Sternberg DE, Hafstad KM, Giddings S, Landis H: Adrenergic receptor sensitivity in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:290-294
Eriksson E, Modigh K, Jansson J-O: Effects of sex steroids on growth hormone responses to clonidine and GHRH in reserpine pretreated rats. J Neurotransmission 1988; 71:99-113
Bercu BB, Weidman CA, Walker RF: Sex differences in growth hormone secretion by rats administered GH releasing hexapeptide. Endocrinology 1991; 129:2592-2598
Devesa J, Arce V, Lois N, Diaz MJ, Tresguerres JAF, Lima L: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonism enhances the GH response to GHRH through an inhibition of hypothalamic somatostatin release in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:1581-1588
Siever LJ, Uhde TW, Silberman EK, Jimerson DC, Aloi JA, Post RM, Murphy DL: The growth hormone response to clonidine as a probe of noradrenergic receptor responsiveness in affective disorder patients and controls. Psychiatry Res 1982; 6:171-183
Tulandi T, Lal S, Guyda H: Effect of estrogen on the growth hormone response to the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine in women with menopausal flushing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 65:6-10
Checkley SA, Glas IB, Thomson C, Corn T, Robinson P: The GH response to clonidine in endogenous as compared with reactive depression. Psychiatr Med 1984; 14:773-777
Dolan RJ, Calloway SP: The human growth hormone response to clonidine: relationship to clinical and neuroendocrine profile in depression. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:772-774
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Garcia-Valentin J, Mendlewicz J, Wilmotte J: Reduced clonidine REM sleep suppression in patients with primary major affective illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:637-642
