Transport sanguin et métabolisme hépatique des acides gras chez le ruminant

[en] Blood transport and hepatic metabolism of fatty acids in ruminants present several particularities. The plasma profile is characterized by a very small proportion of triacylglycerols-rich lipoproteins— chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins — and a very high proportion of high density lipoproteins, which can reach 80 % of the total lipoproteins. This distribution is concomitant with a low triacylglycerol and non esterified fatty acids plasma content, but with very high esterified cholesterol and phospholipid contents. Futhermore, the ruminant is characterized by the secretion of the majority of very low density lipoproteins at intestinal level and by a very low hepatic capacity to export triacylglycerols in these lipoproteins ; ruminant is therefore more sensible to steatosis. Moreover, the intrahepatic lipogenesis of ruminant is reduced, with as results a dependence on fatty acids blood import, the fatty acids being then directed to one of the two major pathways of intrahepatic metabolism, oxidation or esterification into triacylglycerols.
[fr] Le transport sanguin et le métabolisme hépatique des acides gras présente plusieurs particularités chez le ruminant. Le profil plasmatique se caractérise en effet par une très faible proportion de lipoprotéines riches en triacylglycérols — chylomicrons et lipoprotéines de très faible densité — et une proportion très élevée de lipoprotéines de haute densité, qui peut atteindre 80 % des lipoprotéines totales. Cette distribution est concomitante à des concentrations plasmatiques faibles en triacylglycérols et en acides gras non estérifiés, mais très élevées en cholestérol estérifié et en phospholipides. Le ruminant présente en outre la caractéristique de sécréter la majorité des lipoprotéines de très faible densité au niveau intestinal et d’avoir une très faible capacité hépatique d’exportation des triacylglycérols dans ces lipoprotéines, ce qui augmente sa sensibilité à la stéatose hépatique. De plus, la lipogenèse intrahépatique du ruminant est très réduite, le rendant dépendant d’un apport sanguin en acides gras, qui seront orientés vers l’une des 2 grandes voies du métabolisme intrahépatique, à savoir celle de l’oxydation ou celle de l’estérification en triacylglycérols

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

Cuvelier, Christine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Pharmacologie, pharmacothérapie et toxicologie

Cabaraux, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Ecologie et éthologie vétérinaires

Dufrasne, Isabelle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Nutrition des animaux domestiques

Istasse, Louis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Nutrition des animaux domestiques

Hornick, Jean-Luc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Nutrition des animaux domestiques

Language :

French

Title :

Transport sanguin et métabolisme hépatique des acides gras chez le ruminant

Alternative titles :

[en] Blood transport and hepatic metabolism of fatty acids in ruminants

Publication date :

2005

Journal title :

Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire

ISSN :

0003-4118

eISSN :

1781-3875

Publisher :

ULg - Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

Volume :

149

Pages :

117-131

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 11 March 2009

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