Evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of equine laminitis after colic surgery

[en] Objectives – The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of postoperative laminitis in colic cases and to determine if low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is effective in preventing this complication. Design – Retrospective clinical study. Animals – Client-owned horses. Interventions – SC administration of enoxaparin during the postoperative period. Measurements and Main Results – Medical records of 360 horses undergoing surgery for colic and surviving at least 3 days were evaluated. Fifty-six horses admitted before 1995 did not receive LMWH (control group) and 304 admitted after 1995 received LMWH as a prophylaxis for laminitis (treatment group). Three grades of severity were defined for laminitis. Prevalence and severity of laminitis were compared between the 2 groups. Several parameters recorded on admission (sex, age, breed, site and nature of the disease, heart rate, PCV, gravity score, and shock score) and the administration of LMWH were tested as risk factors in the development of laminitis in a logistic regression procedure. Prevalence and grade of laminitis were significantly lower in the treatment group. Only the absence of LMWH was recognized as a significant risk factor in the logistic regression model. Conclusions – The administration of LMWH appears to be effective in the prophylaxis of laminitis following colic surgery and may be useful in the postoperative management of these horses.

Research Center/Unit :

CORD - Centre de l'Oxygène, Recherche et Développement - ULiège
Clinique Vétérinaire universitaire, pôle équin, chirurgie et anesthésie des grands animaux

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

de la Rebière de Pouyade, Geoffroy ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Anesthésiologie gén. et pathologie chirurg. des grds animaux

Grulke, Sigrid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés

Detilleux, Johann ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Génétique quantitative - Epidémiologie et santé publique

Salciccia, Alexandra ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés

Verwilghen, Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Anesthésiologie gén. et pathologie chirurg. des grds animaux

Caudron, Isabelle

Gangl, Monica

Serteyn, Didier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés > Anesthésiologie gén. et pathologie chirurg. des grds animaux

Language :

English

Title :

Evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of equine laminitis after colic surgery

Publication date :

February 2009

Journal title :

Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care

ISSN :

1479-3261

eISSN :

1476-4431

Publisher :

Blackwell Publishing

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

113-119

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1479-3261

Funders :

FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture

Available on ORBi :

since 09 March 2009

Statistics

Number of views

184 (32 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

37 (5 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Eades SC, Holm AS, Moore RM. A review of the pathophysiology and treatment of acute laminitis: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications of endothelin-1. American Association of Equine Practitioners Annual Convention; 2002: Orlando, FL, p. 353 361.
Slater MR, Hood DM, Carter GK. Descriptive epidemiological study of equine laminitis. Equine Vet J 1995 27 (5) : 364 367.
Parsons CS, Orsini JA, Krafty R, et al. Risk factors for development of acute laminitis in horses during hospitalization: 73 cases (1997-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007 230 (6) : 885 889.
Pollitt CC. Equine laminitis: a revised pathophysiology. American Association of Equine Practitioners Annual Convention; 1999: Albuquerque, NM, pp. 188 192.
Cohen ND, Parson EM, Seahorn TL, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with development of laminitis in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis: 33 cases (1985-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994 204 (2) : 250 254.
Black SJ, Lunn DP, Yin C, et al. Leukocyte emigration in the early stages of laminitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006 109 (1-2) : 161 166.
Hurley DJ, Parks RJ, Reber AJ, et al. Dynamic changes in circulating leukocytes during the induction of equine laminitis with black walnut extract. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006 110 (3-4) : 195 206.
Riggs LM, Franck T, Moore JN, et al. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase measurements in plasma, laminar tissue, and skin of horses given black walnut extract. Am J Vet Res 2007 68 (1) : 81 86.
Fontaine GL, Belknap JK, Allen D, et al. Expression of interleukin-1beta in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. Am J Vet Res 2001 62 (5) : 714 720.
Waguespack RW, Cochran A, Belknap JK. Expression of the cyclooxygenase isoforms in the prodromal stage of black walnut-induced laminitis in horses. Am J Vet Res 2004 65 (12) : 1724 1729.
Waguespack RW, Kemppainen RJ, Cochran A, et al. Increased expression of MAIL, a cytokine-associated nuclear protein, in the prodromal stage of black walnut-induced laminitis. Equine Vet J 2004 36 (3) : 285 291.
Belknap JK. Advances in pathophysiology of equine laminitis: are there lessons to be learned from organ failure in human sepsis? Large Anim Vet Rounds 2005 5 (9).
Hood DM, Grosenbaugh DA, Mostafa MB, et al. The role of vascular mechanisms in the development of acute equine laminitis. J Vet Intern Med 1993 7 (4) : 228 234.
Baxter GM. Equine laminitis caused by distal displacement of the distal phalanx: 12 cases (1976-1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986 189 (3) : 326 329.
Weiss DJ, Geor RJ, Johnston G, et al. Microvascular thrombosis associated with onset of acute laminitis in ponies. Am J Vet Res 1994 55 (5) : 606 612.
Weiss DJ, Trent AM, Johnston G. Prothrombotic events in the prodromal stages of acute laminitis in horses. Am J Vet Res 1995 56 (8) : 986 991.
Prasse KW, Allen D Jr., Moore JN, et al. Evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during the prodromal stages of carbohydrate-induced acute laminitis in horses. Am J Vet Res 1990 51 (12) : 1950 1955.
Weiss DJ, Monreal L, Angles AM, et al. Evaluation of thrombin- antithrombin complexes and fibrin fragment D in carbohydrate-induced acute laminitis. Res Vet Sci 1996 61 (2) : 157 159.
Belknap JK, Moore JN. Evaluation of heparin for prophylaxis of equine laminitis: 71 cases (1980-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989 195 (4) : 505 507.
Hirsh J, Warkentin TE, Shaughnessy SG, et al. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest 2001 119 (1, suppl) : 64S 94S.
Young E. The anti-inflammatory effects of heparin and related compounds. Thromb Res 2008 122 (6) : 743 752.
Elsayed E, Becker RC. The impact of heparin compounds on cellular inflammatory responses: a construct for future investigation and pharmaceutical development. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2003 15 (1) : 11 18.
Hunt JM, Edwards GB, Clarke KW. Incidence, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications in colic cases. Equine Vet J 1986 18 (4) : 264 270.
Grulke S, Olle E, Detilleux J, et al. Determination of a gravity and shock score for prognosis in equine surgical colic. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2001 48 (8) : 465 473.
Moore BR, Hinchcliff KW. Heparin - a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in horses. J Vet Intern Med 1994 8 (1) : 26 35.
Moore JN, Morris DD. Endotoxemia and septicemia in horses: experimental and clinical correlates. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992 200 (12) : 1903 1914.
Geerts WH, Heit JA, Clagett GP, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 2001 119 (1, suppl) : 132S 175S.
Frydman A. Low-molecular-weight heparins: an overview of their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and metabolism in humans. Haemostasis 1996 26 (suppl 2) : 24 38.
Briant L, Caranobe C, Saivin S, et al. Unfractionated heparin and CY 216: pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities of the antifactor Xa and IIa effects after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in the rabbit. Thromb Haemost 1989 61 (3) : 348 353.
Bratt G, Tornebohm E, Widlund L, et al. Low molecular weight heparin (KABI 2165, Fragmin): pharmacokinetics after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in human volunteers. Thromb Res 1986 42 (5) : 613 620.
Matzsch T, Bergqvist D, Hedner U, et al. Effects of an enzymatically depolymerized heparin as compared with conventional heparin in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost 1987 57 (1) : 97 101.
Handeland GF, Abildgaard U, Holm HA, et al. Dose adjusted heparin treatment of deep venous thrombosis: a comparison of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990 39 (2) : 107 112.
Hull RD, Raskob GE, Hirsh J, et al. Continuous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1986 315 (18) : 1109 1114.
Monreal L, Villatoro AJ, Monreal M, et al. Comparison of the effects of low-molecular-weight and unfractioned heparin in horses. Am J Vet Res 1995 56 (10) : 1281 1285.
Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med 1995 332 (20) : 1330 1335.
de la Rebiere G, Franck T, Deby-Dupont G, et al. Effects of unfractionated and fractionated heparins on myeloperoxidase activity and interactions with endothelial cells: possible effects on the pathophysiology of equine laminitis. Vet J 2008 178 (1) : 62 69.
Baldus S, Heitzer T, Eiserich JP, et al. Myeloperoxidase enhances nitric oxide catabolism during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2004 37 (6) : 902 911.
Kubes P, Kerfoot SM. Leukocyte recruitment in the microcirculation: the rolling paradigm revisited. News Physiol Sci 2001 16 : 76 80.
Baldus S, Rudolph V, Roiss M, et al. Heparins increase endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability by liberating vessel-immobilized myeloperoxidase. Circulation 2006 113 (15) : 1871 1878.
Harada N, Okajima K, Uchiba M. Dalteparin, a low molecular weight heparin, attenuates inflammatory responses and reduces ischemia-reperfusion- induced liver injury in rats. Crit Care Med 2006 34 (7) : 1883 1891.
Dotan I, Hershkoviz R, Karmeli F, et al. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) significantly ameliorate experimental colitis in rats. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001 15 (10) : 1687 1697.
Johnson PJ, Tyagi SC, Katwa LC, et al. Activation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases in equine laminitis. Vet Rec 1998 142 (15) : 392 396.
Birkedal-Hansen H, Moore WG, Bodden MK, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1993 4 (2) : 197 250.
Li DQ, Lokeshwar BL, Solomon A, et al. Regulation of MMP-9 production by human corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2001 73 (4) : 449 459.
Shamamian P, Schwartz JD, Pocock BJ, et al. Activation of progelatinase A (MMP-2) by neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3: a role for inflammatory cells in tumor invasion and angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2001 189 (2) : 197 206.