[fr] Les oedèmes, pathologie fréquente, constituent la conséquence visible d’une accumulation de liquide dans le tissu interstitiel. Ils peuvent être localisés ou généralisés et sont liés soit à une altération de l’hémodynamique capillaire primitive (équation de Starling), avec secondairement une rétention hydrosodée, soit d’emblée liés à cette rétention suite à une anomalie rénale. Ces oedèmes généralisés sont déclives (présents aux membres inférieurs en position debout), bilatéraux, symétriques, blancs, mous, indolores le plus souvent et prenant le godet, ce qui les distinguent des oedèmes localisés ou lymphatiques. Une approche diagnostique est proposée basée sur l’histoire et les symptômes associés. Ceci permet de déboucher sur une approche thérapeutique adaptée. [en] Oedema is a frequent disorder and the easily detectable consequence of an increase of fluid located in the interstitial tissue. It could be localized or generalized and related either to a primary disturbance of hemodynamics at the capillary level, due to a modification of the Starling’s law components with secondary water and saline retention, or to a primary retention of salt and water linked to a kidney abnormality. Generalized forms are pitting oedema, most often painless, white, bilateral and symmetric, distributed at the lower part of the body (localisation according to the gravitation law). They are different in their characteristics from localized oedema or lymphoedema which are tough. We propose a diagnostic approach based on medical history, clinical examination which allows a confident medical diagnosis and so an adapted therapy.
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