Glycol chitosan improves the efficacy of intranasally administrated replication defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus 1

The ability of two soluble formulations, namely chitosan and glycol chitosan, when used as an intranasal adjuvant, to improve the immunogenicity of an intranasal human adenovirus type 5 replication defective expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D based vaccine, was investigated in cattle. Their adjuvant effects on immune response by increasing clinical and especially virological protection against an intranasal BoHV-1 challenge were then evaluated. The best virological protection was obtained in calves immunized with the vaccine vector adjuvanted with glycol chitosan which decreased the challenge BoHV-1 virus excretion titres by 0.5-1.5 log when compared to those obtained in calves immunized with the vaccine vector alone or adjuvanted with chitosan. A slight difference in clinical scores was observed in calves immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine vector compared to calves immunized with the vaccine vector alone. The obtained data suggest that the tested soluble formulation of glycol chitosan has promising potential use as an intranasal adjuvant for recombinant viral vector vaccines in cattle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.