Article (Scientific journals)
New insights in toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome): clinical considerations, pathobiology and targeted treatments revisited.
Paquet, Philippe; Pierard, Gérald
2010In Drug Safety: An International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience, 33 (3), p. 189-212
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Keywords :
Acetylcysteine/toxicity; Apoptosis/drug effects; Drug Eruptions; Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic/physiopathology/therapy; Epidermis/pathology; Erythema Multiforme/etiology; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Keratinocytes/drug effects/pathology; Lymphocyte Activation; Necrosis/etiology; Skin/drug effects/pathology; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/physiopathology; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/toxicity
Abstract :
[en] Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome, is a life-threatening drug reaction characterized by extensive destruction of the epidermis and mucosal epithelia. The eyes are typically involved in TEN. At present, the disease has a high mortality rate. Conceptually, TEN and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome are closely related, although their severity and outcome are different. Distinguishing TEN from severe forms of erythema multiforme relies on consideration of aetiological, clinical and histological characteristics. The current understanding of the pathomechanism of TEN suggests that keratinocytes are key initiator cells. It is probable that the combined deleterious effects on keratinocytes of both the cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and oxidative stress induce a combination of apoptotic and necrotic events. As yet, there is no evidence indicating the superiority of monotherapy with corticosteroids, ciclosporin (cyclosporine) or intravenous immunoglobulins over supportive care only for patients with TEN. However, the current theory of TEN pathogenesis supports the administration of a combination of antiapoptotic/antinecrotic drugs (e.g. anti-TNF-alpha antibodies plus N-acetylcysteine) targeting different levels of the keratinocyte failure machinery.
Disciplines :
Dermatology
Author, co-author :
Paquet, Philippe ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Dermatopathologie
Pierard, Gérald ;  Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Dermatopathologie
Language :
English
Title :
New insights in toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome): clinical considerations, pathobiology and targeted treatments revisited.
Publication date :
2010
Journal title :
Drug Safety: An International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience
ISSN :
0114-5916
Publisher :
Adis International, Auckland, New Zealand
Volume :
33
Issue :
3
Pages :
189-212
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 09 August 2010

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