[en] Hypoxic-induced pulmonary hypertension is known to be intensive in the bovine species and sometimes leads to pathological cardiac repercussions. On the other hand, doubled-muscled cattle are predisposed to develop hypoxaemia during exercise and with respiratory diseases. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxia in double-muscled calves compared with calves of standard conformation. Pulmonary arterial pressure, electrocardiogram and blood temperature were simultaneously recorded, arterial blood was sampled for blood gas analysis and cardiac output was determined in six Friesian calves and six double-muscled calves of the Belgian White and Blue breed(BWB) when breathing air (fractional inspiratory oxygen concentration [FIO2]: 21 per cent) and when breathing a hypoxic gas mixture (FIO2: 10 per cent). All the absolute values of the measured parameters were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) different between the two breeds, except heart rate and arterial blood gas values. The pattern of hypoxic-induced decrease in arterial PO2 was similar in the two breeds of calves, suggesting that the pulmonary exchange capacities during hypoxia are no less efficient in double-muscled calves than in calves of standard conformation. Similarly, the percentage of variation of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure from its normoxic to its hypoxic value was the same in the two breeds of calves, suggesting that double-muscled calves are not predisposed to develop a more precocious or more intense pulmonary hypertension for a given level of hypoxaemia. The significantly smaller normoxic and hypoxic cardiac index and stroke index found in BWB compared with Friesian calves was interpreted as a less efficient cardiac function in double-muscled subjects.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Amory, Hélène ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de compagnie et des équidés
Rollin, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département clinique des animaux de production (DCP)
Desmecht, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de morphologie et pathologie
Linden, Annick ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires
Lekeux, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie
Language :
English
Title :
Cardiovascular Response to Acute Hypoxia in Double-Muscled Calves
Publication date :
May 1992
Journal title :
Research in Veterinary Science
ISSN :
0034-5288
eISSN :
1532-2661
Publisher :
British Veterinary Association, London, United Kingdom
Alexander, Hartley, Modelski, Grover (1967) Reduction of stroke volume during exercise in man following ascent to 3 100 m altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology 23:849-858.
Amory, Linden, Desmecht, Rollin, Genicot, Lekeux (1991) Validation of the thermodilution technique for the estimation of the cardiac output in the unsedated calf. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin A 38:409-417.
Banchero, Grover, Will (1971) High altitude induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in the llama (Lama glama). American Journal of Physiology 220:422-427.
Bergsten (1974) Blood pressure, cardiac output and blood gas tension in the horse at rest and during exercise. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Suppl 48:1-88.
Bisgard, Ruiz, Grover, Will (1974) Ventilatory acclimatization to 3400 meters altitude in the Hereford calf. Respiration Physiology 21:271-296.
Brimioulle, Lejeune, Vachiery, Leeman, Naeije (1990) Effects of acidosis and alkalosis on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs. American Journal of Physiology 258:H347-H353.
Brown, Holmes (1978) Haemodynamics in the horse: 1. Pressure pulse contours. Equine Veterinary Journal 10:188-194.
Buss, Bisgard (1976) Myocardial function during acute hypoxia in the calf. Basic Research in Cardiology 71:456-468.
Buss, Bisgard (1977) Haemodynamics and myocardial function during acute hypoxia in the pony. American Journal of Veterinary Research 38:365-371.
Fishman, Fritts, Couraud (1960) Effect of acute hypoxia and exercise on the pulmonary circulation. Circulation 22:204-215.
Fishman (1961) Respiratory gases in the regulation of the pulmonary circulation. Physiology Review 41:214-280.
Fishman (1963) Dynamics of the pulmonary circulation. Handbook of Physiology , American Physiological Society, Baltimore, section 2; 2:1667-1743.
Grover, Reeves, Will, Blount (1963) Pulmonary vasoconstriction in steers at high altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology 18:567-574.
Gustin, Dhem, Lomba, Lekeux (1988) Cardio-pulmonary function values in double-muscled cattle during muscular exercise. Veterinary Research Communications 12:407-416.
Gustin, Bakima, Art, Lekeux, Lomba, Van De Woestijne (1988) Pulmonary function values and growth in Belgian white and blue double-muscled cattle. Research in Veterinary Science 45:405-410.
Hartley, Alexander, Modelski, Grover (1967) Subnormal cardiac output at rest and during exercise in residents at 3100 m altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology 23:839-848.
Kelman, Nunn (1966) Nomograms for correction of blood Po2, Pco2 and base excess for time and temperature. Journal of Applied Physiology 21:1484-1490.
Kentera, Wallace, Hamilton, Allison (1964) Hemodynamic response to hypoxia in dogs with chronic pulmonary hypertension. American Journal of Physiology 207:650-652.
Klausen, Rasmussen, Gjellerod, Madsen, Petersen (1968) Circulation, metabolism and ventilation during prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide and to high altitude. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Suppl 103:26-38.
Kronenberg, Drage (1973) Attenuation of the ventilatory and heart rate response to hypoxia and hypercapnia with aging in normal men. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52:1812-1819.
Kuida, Brown, Thorne, Lange, Hecht (1962) Pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in normal unanesthetized calves. Am J Physiol 203:391-396.
Lekeux, Gustin, Desmecht, Linden (1991) Thérapeutique des pathologies respiratoires aigües des bovins. Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire 135:175-184.
Lekeux, Henroteaux, Bienfet (1982) Comparaison du type et de la fréquence relative des principales arythmies cardiaques observées chez les chevaux en function de leurs performances en course: une etude radiotelémétrique. Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire 126:205-208.
Manohar, Bisgard, Bullard, Will, Anderson, Ranlsin (1979) Regional myocardial blood flow and myocardial function during acute right ventricular pressure overload in calves. Circulation Research 44:531-539.
Mendenhall, Reinmuth (1978) The analysis of variance. Statistics for Management and Economics , 3rd edn., Wadsworth Publishing, Belmont; 465-502.
Monin, Boccard (1974) Caractéristiques physiologiques respiratoires des bovins culards. Annales de Génétique et de Sélection Animale 6:187-193.
Nuytten, Muylle, Oyaert (1985) Pulmonary haemodynamics in healthy calves and in calves suffering from respiratory disorders. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin A 32:81-85.
Olsson, Pool, Vandermooten, Varnauskas, Wassen (1970) Validity and reproducibility of determination of cardiac output by thermodilution in man. Cardiology 55:136-148.
Robinson (1982) Some functional consequences of species differences in lung anatomy. Advances in Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine 26:1-34.
Ruiz, Bisgard, Will (1973) Hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia in calves at sea level and altitude. Pfluegers Archives 344:275-286.
Sanmarco, Philips, Marquez, Hall, Davila (1971) Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution. American Journal of Cardiology 28:54-58.
Silove, Inoue, Grover (1968) Comparison of hypoxia, pH and sympathomimetic drugs on bovine pulmonary vasculature. Journal of Applied Physiology 24:355-365.
Thorne, Kuida, Hecht (1965) Altitude maladjustment in the bovine. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 127:646-652.
Tucker, McMurtry, Reeves, Alexander, Will, Grover (1975) Lung vascular smooth muscle as a determinant of pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. American Journal of Physiology 228:762-767.
Weir, Tucker, Reeves, Will, Grover (1974) The genetic factor influencing pulmonary hypertension in cattle at high altitude. Cardiovascular Research 8:745-749.
Weir, Will, Alexander, McMurtry, Looga, Reeves, Grover (1979) Vascular hypertrophy in cattle susceptible to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Journal of Applied Physiology 46:517-523.
West (1987) Gas exchange. Pulmonary Pathophysiology , 3rd edn., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore; 19-41.
Will, Hicks, Card, Alexander (1975) Inherited susceptibility of cattle to high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Journal of Applied Physiology 38:491-494.
Will, Hicks, Card, Reeves, Alexander (1975) Correlation of acute with chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in cattle. Journal of Applied Physiology 38:495-498.
Will, Horrell, Reeves, Alexander (1975) Influence of altitude and age on pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 150:564-567.
Yang, Bentiviglio, Maranhao, Goldberg (1988) Basic measurements and calculations. From Cardiac Catheterization Data to Hemodynamic Parameters , 3rd edn., F. A. Davis, Philadelphia; 4-41.