African Flowering Plants Database (version 3.1). Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Retrieved June 2008, from http://www.vilege.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/.
Agapow P.-M., Bininda-Emonds O.R.P., Crandall K.A., Gittleman J.L., Mace G.M., Marshall J.C., Purvis A. (2004) The impact of species concept on biodiversity studies. The Quarterly Review of Biology 79: 161-179.
Antonovics J., Bradshaw A.D., Turner R.G. (1971) Heavy metal tolerance in plants. Advances in Ecological Research 7: 1-85.
Ayobangira F.X. (1987) Contribution à l'étude des Ocimoideae Africaines: nouveaux taxa et nouvelles combinaisons du genre Becium Lindley. Etudes Rwandaises 1: 265-289.
Baker A.J.M., Brooks R.R., Pease A.J., Malaisse F. (1983) Studies on copper and cobalt tolerance in three closely related taxa within the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Zaïre. Plant and Soil 73: 377-385.
Baker A.J.M., Proctor J., Reeves R.D., eds (1992) The vegetation of ultramafic (serpentine) Soils. Andover, Intercept.
Baker A.J.M., McGrath S.P., Reeves R.D., Smith J.A.C. (2000) Metal hyperaccumulator plants: a review of the ecology and physiology of a biological resource for phytoremediation of metalpolluted soils. In: Tery N. & Bañuelos G. (ed) Phytore-mediation of contaminated soil and water: 85-108. Boca Raton, CRC Press.
Balkwill M.-J., Balkwill K. (1997) Delimitation and infrageneric classification of Barleria (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 52: 535-573.
Beentje H.J., Jeffrey C., Hind D.J.N. (2005) Compositae (part 3), Flora of tropical East Africa. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
Bizoux J.P., Brevers F., Meerts P., Graitson E., Mahy G. (2004) Ecology and conservation of Belgian populations of Viola calaminaria, a metallophyte with a restricted geographic distribution. Belgian Journal of Botany 137: 91-104.
Bizoux J.P., Daïnou K., Raspé O., Lutts S., Mahy G. (2008) Fitness and genetic variation of Viola calaminaria, an endemic metallophyte: implications of population structure and history. Plant Biology 10: 684-693.
Borhidi A. (1996) Phytogeography and vegetation ecology of Cuba. Budapest, Académiai Kiadó.
Boutique R. (1972) Gentianaceae, Flore d'Afrique centrale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi), Spermatophytes. Bruxelles, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Brady K.U., Kruckeberg A.R., Bradshaw H.D. Jr. (2005) Evolutionary ecology of adaptation to serpentine soils. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 36: 243-266.
Brooks R.R. (1987) Serpentine and its vegetation: a multidisciplinary approach. Portland, Dioscorides Press.
Brooks R.R., Baker A.J.M., Malaisse F. (1992) Copper flowers. National Geographic Research & Exploration 8: 338-351.
Brooks R.R., Malaisse F. (1985) The heavy metaltolerant flora of southcentral Africa - A multidisciplinary approach. Rotterdam, Balkema.
Brooks R.R., Malaisse F. (1990) Metalenriched sites in South Central Africa. In: Shaw J.A. (ed.) Heavy metal tolerance in plants: evolutionary aspects: 53-73. New York, CRC Press.
Callmander M.W., Schatz G.E., Lowry P.P. (2005) IUCN red list assessment and the global strategy for plant conservation: taxonomists must act now. Taxon 54: 1047-1050.
Campbell B., Frost P., Byron N. (1996) Miombo woodlands and their use: overview and key issues. In: Campbell B. (ed.) The miombo in transition woodlands and welfare in Africa. Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR.
Carter S., Leach L.C. (2001) Euphorbiaceae, Flora Zambesiaca 9 (5). Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
Clayton W., Renvoize S. (1982) Gramineae (part 3), Flora of tropical East Africa. Rotterdam, Balkema.
Coleman R.G., Kruckeberg A.R. (1999) Geology and plant life of the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountain region. Natural Areas Journal 19: 320-340
Cope T. (1999) Gramineae, Flora Zambesiaca 10 (2). Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
Duvigneaud P. (1958) La végétation du Katanga et de ses sols métallifères. Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 90: 127-286.
Duvigneaud P. (1959) Plantes cobaltophytes dans le Haut Katanga. Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 91: 111-134.
Duvigneaud P., Denaeyer-De Smet S. (1960) Action de certains métaux lourds du sol (cuivre, cobalt, manganèse, uranium) sur la végétation dans le Haut-Katanga. In: Viennot-Bourgin G. (ed.) Rapports du sol et de la végétation. Premier colloque de la Société botanique de France: 121-139. Paris, Masson.
Duvigneaud P., Denaeyer-De Smet S. (1963) Cuivre et végétation au Katanga. Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 96: 92-231.
Ernst W.H.O. (1974) Schwermetallvegetation der Erde. Stuttgart, Fischer Verlag.
Faucon M.-P., Colinet G., Mahy G., Ngongo Luhembwe M., Verbruggen N., Meerts P. (2009a) Soil influence on Cu and Co uptake and plant size in the cuprophytes Crepidorhopalon perennis and C. tenuis (Scrophulariaceae) in SC Africa. Plant and Soil 317: 201-212.
Faucon M.P., Parmentier I., Colinet G., Mahy G., Ngongo Luhembwe M., Meerts P. (2009b) May rare metallophytes benefit from disturbed soils following mining activity? The case of Crepi-dorhopalon tenuis in Katanga (DR Congo). Restoration Ecology: in press
Fischer E. (1999) Scrophulariaceae (première partie), Flore d'Afrique centrale (Congo-Kinshasa, Rwanda, Burundi), Spermatophytes. Meise, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
François A. (1973) L'extrémité occidentale de l'arc cuprifère shabien, Étude géologique. Likasi, Gécamines.
Geerinck D. (2005) Iridaceae. Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Congo-Kinshasa, Rwanda, Burundi), Spermatophytes. Meise, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Goldblatt P. (1990) Systematics of Lapeirousia (Iridaceae-Ixioideae) in tropical Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77: 430-484.
Goldblatt P. (1993) Iridaceae, Flora Zambesiaca 12. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
Harrison S., Safford H., Wakabayashi J. (2004) Does the age of ex-posure of serpentine explain variation in endemic plant diversity in California? International Geology Review 46: 235-242.
Hope G., Pask J. (1998) Tropical vegetational change in the late Pleistocene of New Caledonia. Palaeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 47: 1-21.
Hope G., Tulip J. (1994) A long vegetation history from lowland Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Palaeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109: 385-398.
Isaac N.J.B., Mallet J., Mace G.M. (2004) Taxonomic inflation: its influence on macroecology and conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 464-469.
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Switzerland and Cam-bridge, UK, IUCN, Gland.
Jacobi C.M., do Carmo F.F., Vincent R.C., Stehmann J.R. (2007) Plant communities on ironstone outcrops: a diverse and endan-gered Brazilian ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 2185-2200.
Jaffré T. (1992) Floristic and ecological diversity of the vegetation on ultramafic rocks in New Caledonia In: Baker A.J.M., Proctor J., Reeves R.D. (eds) Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology: 101-108. Hampshire, Intercept.
Kruckeberg A.R. (1984) California serpentines: Flora, vegetation, geology, soils, and management problems. Berkeley, CA, Uni-versity of California Press.
Kruckeberg A.R. (1986) An essay: The stimulus of unusual geologies for plant speciation. Systematic Botany 11: 455-463.
Kruckeberg A.R., Kruckeberg A.L. (1990) Endemic metallophytes: their taxonomic, genetic and evolutionary attributes. In: Shaw J.A. (ed.) Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Evolutionary Aspects. New York, CRC Press.
Lamoreaux J., Akçakaya H.R., Bennun L., Collar N.J., Boitani L., Brackett D., Bräutigam A., Brooks T.M., da Fonseca G.A.B., Mittermeier R.A., Rylands A.B., Gärdenfors U., Hilton-Taylor C., Mace G., Stein B.A., Stuart S. (2003) Value of the IUCN Red List. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 214-215.
Lebrun J.-P., Stork A. (1991) Enumération des plantes à fleurs d'Afrique tropicale. Vol. I. Généralités et Annonaceae à Pan-danaceae. Genève, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques.
Lebrun J.-P., Stork A. (1995) Enumération des plantes à fleurs d'Afrique tropicale. Vol. III. Monocotylédones. Genève, Con-servatoire et Jardin botaniques.
Lebrun J.-P., Stork A. (1997) Enumération des plantes à fleurs d'Afrique tropicale. Vol. IV. Gamopétales: Clethraceae à La-miaceae. Genève, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques.
Lejoly J., Lisowski S. (1992) Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la flore d'Afrique centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica and Geobotanica 37: 21-125.
Leteinturier B., Malaisse F. (1999) The copper flora of Katanga: a phytogeographical analysis. Geo-Eco-Trop 23: 31-48.
Leteinturier B., Malaisse F. (1999) Sur les traces des botanistes récolteurs sur les gisements cuprifères d'Afrique centro-australe. Systematics and Geography of Plants 71: 133-163.
Leteinturier B., Baker A., Malaisse F. (1999) Early stages of natural revegetation of metalliferous mine workings in South Central Africa: a preliminary survey. Biotechnologie Agronomie Société Environnement 3: 28-41.
Leteinturier B. (2002) Evaluation du potential phytocénotique des gisements cuprifères d'Afrique centro-australe en vue de la phytoremédiation de sites pollués par l'activité minière. PhD. thesis, Faculté des Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux, Gem-bloux, Belgium.
Levin G.A., Morton J.K., Robbrecht E. (2007) Two new species of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) from Tropical Africa, and a review of some Robyns names for cupricolous plants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Systematic Botany 32: 576-582.
Lucas G.L. (1968) Olacaceae. Flora Tropical East Africa 9: 1-16. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Macnair M.A. (1988) A new species of Mimulus endemic to copper mines in California. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 100: 1-14.
Macnair M.R., Gardner M. (1998) The evolution of edaphic ende-mics. In: Howard D.J., Berlocher S.H. (ed) Endless forms, species and speciation: 157-171. New York, Oxford University Press.
Malaisse F. (1983) Phytogeography of the copper and cobalt flora of Upper Shaba (Zaïre), with emphasis on its endemism, origin and evolution mechanisms. Bothalia 14: 497-504.
Malaisse F., Colonval-Elenkov E., Brooks R.R. (1983) The impact of copper and cobalt orebodies upon the evolution of some plant species from upper Katanga, Zaïre. Plant Systematics and Evolution 142: 207-221.
Malaisse F., Lecron J.M. (1990) Monadenium cupricola, Euphor-biaceae nouvelle des gisements cupro-cobaltifères du Shaba (Zaïre). Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique 60: 301-306.
Malaisse F., Baker A.J.M., Leteinturier B. (1997) Les espèces de Buchnera L. (Scrophulariaceae) des gisements cupro-cobaltifères du Haut-Katanga (Rép. Dém. du Congo). Geo-Eco-Trop 21: 51-64.
Maxted, N., Mabuza, P., Moss, H., Padulosi, S., Jarvis, A. & Gua-rino, L. (2004) An ecogeographic study: African Vigna. Rome, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Mbenza M., Aloni K., Muteb M. (1989) Some considerations about air pollution in Lubumbashi (Shaba, Zaire). Geo-Eco-Trop 13: 113-125.
Mielcarek R. (1996) The Scrophulariaceae in the flora of Central Africa (excl. Lindernieae). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41: 1-209.
Multiple authors (1948-1963) Flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Bruxelles, Institut national pour l'Etude agronomique du Congo Belge.
Multiple authors (1967-1971) Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Bruxelles, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Multiple authors (1972-1996) Flore d'Afrique centrale (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi). Meise, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Multiple authors (1996-) Flore d'Afrique centrale (Congo-Kinsha-sa, Rwanda & Burundi). Meise, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Multiple authors (1952-) Flora of tropical East Africa. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Multiple authors (1960-) Flora Zambesiaca. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Ortiz S., Paiva J.A.R., Rodriguez-Oubina J. (1996) An outline of the genus Anisopappus Hook. & Am. (Compositae). Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 54: 378-391.
Paton A. (1992) A synopsis of Ocimum L. (Labiatae) in Africa. Kew Bulletin 47: 403-435.
Paton A. (1995) The genus Becium (Labiatae) in East Africa. Kew Bulletin 50: 199-242.
Paton A., Brooks R.R. (1996) A re-evaluation of Haumaniastrum species as geobotanical indicators of copper and cobalt. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 56: 37-45.
Paton A., Harley R.M., Harley M.M. (1999) Ocimum: an overview of classification and relationships. In: Hiltunen, R., Holm Y. (ed) Basil: the genus Ocimum: 1-38. Amsterdam, Harwood Academic.
Philcox D. (1990) Scrophulariaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8 (2). Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
Pimm S.L. (2007) Africa: Still the "Dark Continent". Conservation Biology 21: 567-569.
Polhill R.M. (1982) Crotalaria in Africa and Madagascar. Rotterdam, CRC Press, Rotterdam.
Possingham H.P., Andelman S.J., Burgman M.A., Medellin R.A., Master L.L., Keith D.A. (2002) Limits to the use of threatened species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17: 503-507.
Radcliffe-Smith A. (1996) Euphorbiaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 9 (4). Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Rajakaruna N., Bohm B.A. (2002) Serpentine and its vegetation: a preliminary study from Sri Lanka. Journal of Applied Botany 76: 20-28.
Rajakaruna N. (2004) The edaphic factor in the origin of plant Species. International Geology Review 46: 471-478.
Rajakaruna N., Whitton J. (2004) Trends in the evolution of edaphic specialists with an example of parallel evolution in the Lasthenia californica complex. In: Cron Q.C.B., Whitton J., Ree R.H., Taylor I.E.P. (ed), Plant Adaptation: Molecular Biology and Ecology: 103-110. Ottawa, NRC Res.
Reeves R.D., Baker A.J.M., Becquer T., Echevarria G., Miranda Z.J.G. (2007) The flora and biogeochemistry of the ultramafic soils of Goia ́s State, Brazil. Plant and Soil 293: 107-119.
Robyns A. (1989) Passifloraceae centraliafricanae novae. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique 59: 227-240.
Robyns W. (1932) Over plantengroei en flora der kopervelden van Opper-Katanga. Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift 14: 101-106.
Russell G.E., Welman W.G., Reitief E., Immelman K.L., Germishu-izen G., Pienaar B.J., van Wyk M., Nicholas A. (1987) List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1-2): 1-152 (pt. 1), 1-270 (pt. 2).
Ryding O. (1986) The genus Aeollanthus s. lat. (Labiatae). Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis 26: 1-152.
Safford H.D., Viers J.H., Harrison S.P. (2005) Serpentine endemism in the California flora: a database of serpentine affinity. Madroño 52: 222-257.
Scott L. (1984) Palynological evidence for Quaternary palaeoen-vironments in southern Africa. In: Klein, R.G. (ed.) Southern African prehistory and paleoenvironments: 65-80. Rotterdam, Balkema.
Sebald O. 1989. Die Gattung Becium Lindley (Lamiaceae) in Afrika und auf der Arabische Halbinsel: Teil 1. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 419: 1-74.
Selvi F. (2007) Diversity, geographic variation and conservation of the serpentine flora of Tuscany (Italy). Biodiversity and Conser-vation 16: 1423-1439.
Shewry P.R., Woolhouse H.W., Thompson K. (1979) Relationships of vegetation to copper and cobalt in the copper clearings of Haut Shaba, Zaire. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 79: 1-35.
Smith L.B., Ayensu E.S. (1974) Classification of Old World Vello-ziaceae. Kew Bulletin 29: 181-205.
Stebbins, G.L. (1942) The genetic approach to problems of rare and endemic species. Madrono 6: 241-272.
Stebbins G.L., Major J. (1965) Endemism and speciation in the Ca-lifornia flora. Ecological Monographs 35: 1-35.
Thulin M. (1985) Lobeliaceae. Flore d'Afrique centrale. (Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi). Spermatophytes. Meise, Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Van Zinderen Bakker E.M., Coetzee J.A. (1988) A review of late quaternary pollen studies in East, Central and Southern Africa. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 55: 155-174.
Vincens A. (1991) Late quaternary vegetation history of the South-Tanganyika basin. Climatic implications in South Central Africa.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 86: 207-226.
Vincens A., Buchet G., Williamson D., Taieb M. (2005) A 23,000 yr pollen record from Lake Rukwa (8°S, SW Tanzania): New data on vegetation dynamics and climate in Central Eastern A frica. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 137: 147-162.
Whiting S.N., Reeves R.D., Richards D., Johnson M.S., Cooke J.A., Malaisse F., Paton A., Smith J.A.C., Angle J.S., Chaney R.L., Ginocchio R., Jaffré T., Johns R., McIntyre T., Purvis O.W., Salt D.E., Schat H., Zhao F.J., Baker A.J.M. (2004) Re-search priorities for conservation of metallophyte biodiversity and their potential for restoration and site remediation. Restora-tion Ecology 12: 106-116.
Whitehouse C.B.A. (1996) Eriospermaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wilczek R. (1963) Triumfetta L. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi 10: 46-72.
Wild H. (1965) The flora of the Great Dyke of Southern Rhodesia with special reference to the serpentine soils. Kirkia 5: 49-86.
Wild H. (1974) Variation in the serpentine floras of Rhodesia. Kirkia 9: 209-232.
Wild H., Bradshaw A.D. (1977) The evolutionary effects of metal-liferous and other anomalous soils in S. Central Africa. Evolution 31: 282-293.