[en] Microarray technology is a miniaturized biotechnological tool with potential applications for study and analysis of multiple molecular compounds as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. The nucleic acids microarray technology focuses interest of scientists for fifteen years because of its huge potential as regard to the scientific research, clinical diagnosis, and development of new drugs. Only DNA microarrays are investigated in this paper. Born from the conjunction of micro-electronics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and image processing, microarrays allow to analyse several thousands of genetic information simultaneously. Thanks to this new tool, it is possible in parallel to identify, to even proportion, a considerable number of nucleic acid sequences contained in a biological sample (blood, biopsy, water, food, etc). This article proposes, after having considered the operating mode of the microarrays, to understand their quality standards as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The two following parts are devoted to the place the microarrays occupy in scientific research and in the establishment of a clinical diagnosis. Finally the last part evaluates prospects the microarrays offer in veterinary sciences. [fr] Le microdamier est un outil technologique miniaturisé potentiellement applicable à l'étude et l'analyse de multiples composés moléculaires, tels que des protéines, lipides, hydrates de carbone ou acides nucléiques. C'est avec les acides nucléiques que les microdamiers attirent, depuis une quinzaine d'années, l'attention de la communauté scientifique du fait de son immense potentiel en matière de recherche scientifique, de diagnostic clinique, et de développement de nouveaux médicaments. Seuls les microdamiers à ADN sont investigués dans cet article. Nés du mariage de la microélectronique, de la biochimie, de la biologie moléculaire, de l'informatique et de l'analyse d'image, les microdamiers permettent d'analyser simultanément plusieurs milliers d'informations génétiques différentes. Grâce à ce nouvel outil, il est possible en parallèle d'identifier, voire de doser, un nombre considérable de séquences d'acides nucléiques contenues dans un échantillon biologique (sang, biopsie, mais aussi eau, aliments...). Cet article propose, après s'être penché sur le mode de fonctionnement des microdamiers, d'en comprendre les critères de qualité ainsi que les avantages et inconvénients. Les deux parties suivantes sont consacrées à la place qu'occupent les microdamiers dans le recherche scientifique et dans l'établissement d'un diagnostic clinique. Enfin la dernière partie évalue les perspectives qu'offrent les microdamiers dans les sciences vétérinaires.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Thomas, A.; Université de Liège - ULiège > Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire > Physiologie
Closset, Jean ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Probiox sa - CHU
Bureau, Fabrice ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie
Lekeux, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Physiologie
Language :
English
Title :
Principes des microdamiers à ADN et applications potentielles en sciences vétérinaires
Alternative titles :
[fr] Principles of DNA microarrays and potential applications in veterinary sciences
ADIAGENE Le multiplexage en haut débit grâce aux puces à ADN. [en ligne] (21/11/2003) Adresse URL : http://www.adiagene.fr/html/ pucesadn.htm#systeme Consulté le 30/11/2004.
AFFYMETRIX Gene chip arrays for gene expression analysis. [en ligne] (sans date a) Adresse URL : http://www.affymetrix.com/technology/ge_analysis/ index.affx Consulté le 19/11/2004.
AFFYMETRIX Array manufacturing. [en ligne] (sans date b) Adresse URL : http://www.affymetrix.com/technology/manufacturing/index.affx Consulté le 19/11/2004.
ALEXANDRE I., HAMELS S., DUFOUR S., COLLET J., ZAMMATTEO N., DE LONGUEVILLE F., GALA J.L., REMACLE J. Colorimetric silver detection of DNA microarrays. Anal. Biochem., 2001, 295, 1-8.
ANONYME Puces à ADN : un nouvel outil technologique au service de la santé publique. [en ligne] (03/1999) Adresse URL : http://www.gazettelabo.fr/2002archives/pratic/1999/36puces.htm Consulté le 25/11/2004.
ARBER W., LINN S. DNA modification and restriction. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1969, 38, 467-500.
ARRAY PROSPECTOR A web resource of functional associations inferred from microarray expression data. [en ligne] (01/03/2004) Adresse URL : http://www.bork.embl.de/ArrayProspector Consulté le 10/12/2004.
BIRD C.R, DEINNOCENTES P.A., LYNN K.A. Focused expression profiling of cyclin and cyclin-dependant kinase integration complex components and regulators in a spontaneous model of canine mammary cancer. [en ligne] (18/09/2002) Adresse URL : http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/keystone/2002/bird/chapterfrm.asp? LA=1 Consulté le 02/07/2005.
BOTSTEIN D., WHITE R.L., SKOLNICK M., DAVIS R.W. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 1980, 32, 314-331.
BOUMAN A., BOTERMANS E., CORBIJN M., DONKERS J., PRICKEARTS R., DE ROOIJ R. Clinical lab on a chip. [en ligne] (20/06/2002) Adresse URL : http://students.chem.tue.nl/mdp12/ Consulté le 10/12/2004.
BOWTELL D.D. Options available - from start to finish - for obtaining expression data by microarray. Nat. Genet., 1999, 21 : Suppl 1, 25-32.
BROWN O.P. The full yeast genome on a chip. [en ligne] (29/04/1997) Adresse URL : http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/yeastchip.html Consulté le 03/12/2004.
CALL D.R., BORUCKI M.K., LOGE F.J. Detection of bacterial pathogens in environmental samples using DNA microarrays. J. Microbiol. Methods, 2003, 53, 35-43.
CHUAQUI R.F., GILLESPIE J.W., FLAIG M.J., HEWITT S.M., PHILLIPS J.L., KRIZMAN D.B., TANGREA M.A., AHRAM M., LINEHAN W.M., KNEZEVIC V., EMMERT-BUCK M.R. Post analysis follow up and validation of microarray experiments. Nat. Genet., 2002, 32 : Suppl, 509-514.
COUSSENS P.M., NOBIS W. Bioinformatics and high throughput approach to create genomic resources for the study of bovine immunobiology. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2002, 86, 229-244.
DUGGAN D.J., BITTNER M., CHEN Y., MELTZER P., TRENT J.M. Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. Nat. Genet., 1999, 21,10-14.
GARDINER-GARDEN M., LITTLEJOHN T.G. A comparison of microarray databases. Brief Bioinform., 2001, 2, 143-158.
GLADNEY C.D., BERTANI G.R., JOHNSON R.K., POMP D. Evaluation of gene expression in pigs selected for enhanced reproduction using differential display PCR and human microarrays: I. Ovarian follicles. J. Anim. Sci., 2004, 82, 17-31.
GREER B.T., KHAN J. Diagnostic classification of cancer using DNA microarrays and artificial intelligence. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2004, 1020, 49-66.
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE (France) Une puce à ADN pour suivre la réponse immunitaire du porc. [en ligne] (25/09/2002) Adresse URL : http://www.inra.fr/PRESSE/COMMUNIQUES/agenae/annexe3.htm Consulté le 19/11/2004.
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE (France) BZScan : results on various type of arrays. [en ligne] (22/03/2004) Adresse URL : http://tagc.univ-mrs.fr/bioinformatics/bzscan/bzscan_files/nylon_macro_vct_grd. png Consulté le 03/12/2004.
JACKSON D.A., SYMONS R.H., BERG P. Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of simian virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1972, 69, 2904-2909.
JACOB F., MONOD J. Biochemical and genetic mechanisms of regulation in the bacterian cell. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol., 1964, 46, 1499-1532.
KHANNA C., HEWITT S., CASSADAY R., BOSE S., KHAN J., NGUYEN P., TREPEL J., MELTZER P., HELMAN L. Identification of genetic determinants of metastasis in osteosarcoma : a comparative approach. In : Modiano J.F. (Ed.), Genes, dogs, and cancer : Emerging concepts in molecular diagnosis and therapy. International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org), Ithaca, New York, 2001.
LEMING S. DNA microarray (Genome chip) : monitoring the genome on a chip. [en ligne] (07/01/2002) Adresse URL : http://www.gene-chips. com Consulté le 03/12/2004.
LIU H.C., CHENG H.H., TIRUNAGARU V., SOFER L., BURNSIDE J. A strategy to identify positional candidate genes conferring marek's disease resistance by integrating DNA microarrays and genetic mapping. Anim. Genet., 2001, 32, 351-359.
MAXAM A.M., GILBERT W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1977, 74, 560-564.
MULLIS K.B., FALOONA F.A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalysed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol., 1987, 155, 335-350.
NAMBIAR, MIRMOHAMMADSADEGH A., BAR A., BARDENHEUER W., ROEDER G., HENGGE U.R. Applications of array technology: melanoma research and diagnosis. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., 2004, 4, 549-557.
NATHANS D., SMITH H.O. Restriction endonucleases in the analysis and restructuring of DNA molecules. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1975, 44, 273-293.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION UniGene. Organised view of the transcriptome. [en ligne] (sans date) Adresse URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=unigene Consulté le 10/12/2004.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION Expressed sequence tags database. [en ligne] (11/07/2000) Adresse URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ dbEST/ Consulté le 10/12/2004.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION Genbank overwiew. [en ligne] (20/09/2004) Adresse URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/ GenbankOverview.html Consulté le 10/12/2004.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION WGS Sequences projects. [en ligne] (09/02/2005) Adresse URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/WGS/ WGSprojectlist.cgi Consulté le 11/02/2005.
NISHIZAWA M., MATSUE T., UCHIDA I. Penicillin sensor based on a microarray electrode coated with pH-responsive polypyrrole. Anal. Biochem., 1992, 64, 2642-2644.
RAJEEVAN M.S., VERNON S.D., TAYSAVANG N., UNGER R.D. Validation of array-based gene expression profiles by real time (kinetic) RT-PCR. J. Mol. Diagnosis, 2001, 3, 26-31.
SANGER F., NICKLEN S., COULSON A.R. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1977, 74, 5463-5467.
SANOTS S.E.C., SIQUEIRA F., LUVIZZOTO M.C.R., ANDRADE A.L., EUGENIO F.R, GARCIA J.F. Hybridization of canine breast cancer RNA to human DNA arrays. [en ligne] (05/09/2003) Adresse URL : http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/Keystone/2003/ crusco/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1 Consulté le 02/07/2005.
SCHENA M., SHALON D., DAVIS R.W., BROWN P.O. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science, 1995, 270, 467-470
SCHENA M., SHALON D., HELLER R., CHAI A., BROWN P.O., DAVIS R.W. Parallel human genome analysis : microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1996, 93, 10614-10619.
SHALON D., SMITH S.J., BROWN P.O. A DNA microarray system for analyzing complex DNA samples using two-color fluorescent probe hybridization. Genome Res., 1996, 6, 639-645.
SOUGAKOFF W., RODRIGUE M., TRUFFOT-PERNOT C., RENARD M., DURIN N., SZPYTMA M., VACHON R., TROESH A., JARLIER V. Use of a high-density DNA probe array for detecting mutations involved in rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2004, 10, 289-294.
TAO W., MALLARD B., KARROW N., BRIDLE B. Construction and application of a bovine immune-endocrine cDNA microarray. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2004, 101, 1-17.
THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN GENOME MAPPING CONSORTIUM A physical map of the human genome. Nature, 2001, 409, 934-941.
THOMAS R., FIELGER H., OSTRANDER E.A., GALLIBERT F., CARTER N.P., BREEN M. Developpement and application of a canine cancer-gene microarray for CGH analysis of canine tumours. [en ligne] (05/09/2003) Adresse URL : http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/Keystone/2003/thomas/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1 Consulté le 02/07/2005.
TROESCH A., NGUYEN H., MIYADA C.G., DESVARENNE S., GINGERAS T.R., KAPLAN P.M., CROS P., MABILAT C. Mycobacterium species identification and rifampicin resistance testing with high-density DNA probe arrays. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1999, 37, 49-55.
TSOI S.C., CALE J.M., BIRD I.M., EWART V., BROWN L.L., DOUGLAS S. Use of human cDNA microarrays for identification of differentially expressed genes in Atlantic salmon liver during Aeromonas salmonicida infection. Mar. Biotechnol., 2003, 5, 545-554.
UNITÉ DE RECHERCHE EN BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE. Faculté Universitaire Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur Cellular and molecular biology. DNA microarray. [en ligne] (05/08/2003) Adresse URL : http://www.fundp.ac.be/urbc/ dnarray/dnarray.html Consulté le 02/12/2004.
VENKATASUBBARAO S. Microarrays : status and prospects. Trends Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 630-637.
VERNET G., JAY C., RODRIGUES M., TROESCH A. Species differentiation and antibiotic susceptibility testing with DNA microarrays. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 96, 59-68.
WATSON J.D., CRICK F.H. The structure of DNA. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 1953, 18, 123-131.
ZHU J., TIAN C., WU W., WU J., KHANG H., LU D., ZHANG G. Fabrication and characterization of glucose sensors based on a microarray H2O2 electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron., 1994, 9, 295-300.