[en] Polyethylene-based composites have been prepared by ethylene polymerization with a Al/Ti/Mg catalyst previously deposited on the surface of kaolin (Satintone W/W and Satintone 5) or barite.(1) Molecular weight (M(w)) of the polyethylene matrix has been estimated from melt viscosity under steady shear flow and compared to the value measured by size exclusion chromatography. Tensile stress and strain, Young modulus, and impact energy have been measured in relation to the matrix molecular weight and the filler content. The effect of the main polymerization parameters, such as the Al/Ti/Mg composition, the addition of a transfer agent, e.g., an alpha-olefin or hydrogen, have also been investigated. These tensile and impact properties have been compared to composites of the same composition but prepared by melt blending of the filler and the preformed polyolefin. As a rule, the polymerization-filled composites have an improved mechanical strength compared to the analogues prepared by melt blending.
Research Center/Unit :
Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Hindryckx, François; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemistry > Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Dubois, Philippe; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemistry > Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Jérôme, Robert ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemistry > Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Teyssié, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Department of Chemistry > Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
Garcia Marti, M.; Dow Benelux, Terneuzen, The Netherlands
Language :
English
Title :
Polymerization-filled composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of homogeneous polyethylene-based
F. Hindryckx, Ph. Dubois, R. Jérôme, Ph. Teyssié, and M. Garcia Marti, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., to appear.
E. G. Howard, R. D. Lipscomb, R. N. MacDonald, B. L. Glazard, C. W. Tullock, and J. W. Collette, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 20, 421 (1981).
E. G. Howard, R. D. Lipscomb, R. N. MacDonald, B. L. Glazard, C. W. Tullock, J. W. Collette, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 20, 429 (1981).
N. S. Enikolopian, A. A. Fridman, W. L. Popov, I. O. Stalnova, A. A. Briekenstein, W. M. Rudakov, N. P. Gherasina, and A. E. Tchalykh, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 32, 6107 (1986).
F. S. D'yachovskii and L. A. Novokshonova, Russian Chem. Rev., 53, 117 (1984).
M. Gorelik, E. A. Fushman, A. Topolkaraev, F. S. Dyachkovsky, L. A. Shestenia, L. F. Borisova, and I. Sergeev, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 40, 1095 (1990).
L. Minkova and P. L. Maganini, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 42, 107 (1993).
N. N. Vlasova, I. Sergeyev, P. Y. Matkovskii, N. S. Yenikolopyan, A. T. Papoyan, B. Y. Vostorgov, L. N. Grigorov, S. A. Bukanova, L. O. Bunina, N. S. Kogarko, L. A. Trachenko, and X. Smirnov, Polym. Sci. URSS, 27, 2552 (1985).
D. Damyanov, I. Ivanov, and M. Velikova, Eur. Polym. J., 24, 657 (1987).
I. N. Meshkova, T. M. Ushakova, I. L. Dubnikova, Y. M. Kazakov, Y. A. Shashkova, N. M. Rudneva, N. K. Portnaya, G. N. Kornienko, A. I. Petrosyan, A. I. IMakhin'ko, and F. S. D'yachkovskii, Polym. Sci. URSS, 28, 724 (1986).
I. L. Dubnikova, I. N. Meshkova, G. Grinev, Y. M. Tovmasyan, and F. S. D'yachkovskii, Doklady Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl. of Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 281, 629 (1986).
Q. Fu and G. Wang, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, 1985 (1983).
W. Schöppel and K. H. Reichert, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 3, 483 (1982).
F. Hindryckx, Ph. Dubois, R. Jérôme, Ph. Teyssié, and M. Garcia Marti, Ethylene Polymerization by a High Activity MgCl2 Supported Ti Catalyst in the Presence of Hydrogen and / or 1-Octene., to appear.
L. A. Vratsanos and R. J. Farris. Polym. Eng. Sci., 33, 1458 (1993).
S. N. Maiti and B. H. Lopez, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 44, 353 (1992).
J. Jancar and J. Kucera, Polym. Eng. Sci., 30, 714 (1990).
Q. Fu, G. Wang, and J. Shen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, 673 (1993).
P. Chacko, F. E. Karasz, and R. J. Farris, Polym. Eng. Sci., 22, 968 (1982).
N. Morozova and A. Topolkrayev, Polym. Sci. URSS, 33, 79 (1991).
C. G. Ek, J. Kubât, and M. Rigdahl, Rheol. Acta, 26, 55 (1987).
Y. C. Gao and J. Lelievre, Polym. Eng. Sci., 34, 1369 (1994).
F. Hindryckx, Ph. Dubois, M. Patin, R. Jérôme, Ph. Teyssié, and M. Garcia Marti, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, 1093 (1995).
L. E. Nielsen, Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, Vol. 2, Dekker, New York, 1974.
G. Akin-Öktem and T. Tinçer, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54, 1103 (1994).
E. Guth, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 22, 3513 (1984).
R. D. Deanin and N. R. Schott, Filler and Reinforcements for Plastics, R. F. Gould, Ed., ACS Series 134, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1974.
E. H. Kerner, Proc. Phys. Soc., 69B, 808 (1969).
L. Cohen and O. Ishai, J. Comp. Mater., 1, 390 (1967).
V. Dolàkovà-Svehlovà, J. Macromol. Sci. Phys., B21, 231 (1982).
H. Kothandaraman and M. S. Devi, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 32, 1283 (1994).
B. Turcsanyi, B. Pukànszky, and F. Tüdos, J. Mater. Sci., 7, 160 (1988).
L. Nicolais and M. Narkis, Polym. Eng. Sci., 11, 194 (1971).
J. Jancar, A. Dienselmo, and A. T. Dibenedetto, Polym. Eng. Sci., 32, 1394 (1992).
G. J. Ray, P. E. Johnson, and J. R. Knox, Macromolecules, 10, 773 (1977).
L. E. Nielsen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 10, 97 (1961).
V. Doláková-Svehlová, J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B21, 231 (1982).
J. G. Williams, Fracture Mechanics of Polymers, Ellis Howood Limited, Wiley, New York, 1984.
J. F. Roos, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 2255 (1984).
H. Verhoogt, PhD Thesis, Technische Universiteit, Delft (1992).
T. G. Fox, S. Gratch, and S. Loshaek, Viscosity Relationships for Polymers in Bulk and in Concentrated Solution, Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
A. Einstein. Ann. Physik, 34, 591 (1911).
T. M. Malik, Polym. Bull., 26, 709 (1991).
V. Svehlovà, E. Polouček, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 174, 205 (1990).