[en] [1] We present excess Ba (Baxs) data (i.e., total Ba corrected for lithogenic Ba) for surface sediments from a north-south transect between the Polar Front Zone and the northern Weddell Gyre in the Atlantic sector and between the Polar Front Zone and the Antarctic continent in the Indian sector. Focus is on two different processes that affect excess Ba accumulation in the sediments: sediment redistribution and excess Ba dissolution. The effect of these processes needs to be corrected for in order to convert accumulation rate into vertical rain rate, the flux component that can be linked to export production. In the Southern Ocean a major process affecting Ba accumulation rate is sediment focusing, which is corrected for using excess Th-230. This correction, however, may not always be straightforward because of boundary scavenging effects. A further major process affecting excess Ba accumulation is barite dissolution during exposure at the sediment-water column interface. Export production estimates derived from excess Th-230 and barite dissolution corrected Baxs accumulation rates (i.e., excess Ba vertical rain rates) are of the same magnitude but generally larger than export production estimates based on water column proxies (Th-234-deficit in the upper water column; particulate excess Ba enrichment in the mesopelagic water column). We believe export production values based on excess Ba vertical rain rate might be overestimated due to inaccurate assessment of the Baxs preservation rate. Barite dissolution has, in general, been taken into account by relating it to exposure time before burial depending on the rate of sediment accumulation. However, the observed decrease of excess Ba content with increasing water column depth (or increasing hydrostatic pressure) illustrates the dependence of barite preservation on degree of saturation in the deep water column in accordance with available thermodynamic data. Therefore correction for barite dissolution would not be appropriate by considering only exposure time of the barite to some uniformly undersaturated deep water but requires also that regional differences in degree of undersatuation be taken into account.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Fagel, Nathalie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Géochim. sédiment. - Sédiment. mar. & continent. du quatern.
Dehairs, Frank
André, Luc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Géochim. sédiment. - Sédiment. mar. & continent. du quatern.
Bareille, Gilles
Monnin, Cnristophe
Language :
English
Title :
Ba distribution in surface Southern Ocean sediments and export production estimates
Publication date :
2002
Journal title :
Paleoceanography
ISSN :
0883-8305
eISSN :
1944-9186
Publisher :
Amer Geophysical Union, Washington, United States
Volume :
17
Issue :
2, MAR-JUN
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Name of the research project :
OMEX
Funders :
CE - Commission Européenne
Commentary :
An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2002) American Geophysical Union.
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Anderson, R. F., and A, Fleer, Determination of natural actinides and plutonium in marine particulate materiel, Anal. Chem., 54, 1142-1147, 1982.
Anderson, R. F., N. Kumar, R. A. Mortlock, P. N. Froelich, P. Kublik, B.D. Dittrich-Hannen and M. Suter, Late Quaternary changes in productivity in the Southern Ocean, J. Mar. Syst., 17, 497-514, 1998.
Abelmann, A. and R. Gersonde, Biosiliceous particle flux in the Southern Ocean, Mar. Chem., 35, 503-536, 1991.
Bareille, G., Flux sédimentaires: Paléoproductivité et Paléocirculation de l'Océan Austral au cours des 150.000 dernières années, doctoral dissertation, 259 pp., Univ. de Bordeaux 1, Talence, France, 1991.
Bareille, G., M. Labrachie, L. Labeyrie, J. J. Pichon, and J. L. Turon. Biogenic silica accumulation rate during the Holocene in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Mar. Chem., 35, 537-551, 1991.
Bareille, G., M. Labrachie, P. Bertrand, L. Labeyrie, G. Lavaux, and M. Dignan, Glacial-interglacial changes in the accumulation rates of major biogenic components in southern Indian Ocean sediments, J. Mar. Syst., 17, 527-539, 1998.
Bathmann, U. V., R. Scharek, C. Klaas, C. D. Dubischar, and V. Smetacek, Spring development of phytoplankton biomass and composition in major water masses of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44. 51-67, 1997.
Bishop, J. K. B., The barite-opal-organic carbon association in oceanic particulate matter. Nature, 332, 341-343, 1988.
Bishop, J. K. B., Regional extremes in particulate matter composition and flux: Effects on the chemistry of the ocean interior, in Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past, edited by W. H. Berger, V. S. Smetacek, and G. Wefer, pp. 117-137, John Wiley, New York, 1989.
Broecker, W. S., and T. H. Peng, The cause of glacial to interglacial atmospheric CO2 change: A polar alkalinity hypothesis, Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 3, 215-239, 1989.
Brumsack, H. J., Geochemistry of recent TOC- rich sediments from the Gulf of California and the Black Sea, Geol. Rundsch., 78, 851-882, 1989.
Cardinal, D., N. Fagel, L. André, and F. Dehairs, Ba repartition in surface sediment and trap material: A sequential leaching approach, J. Conf. Abstr. EUG X, 4, 425, 1999.
Charles, C. D., P. N. Froelich, M. A. Zibello, R. A. Mortlock, and J. J. Morely, Biogenic opal in Southern Ocean sediments, over the last 450,000 years: Implications for surface water chemistry and circulation, Paleoceanography, 6, 697-728, 1991.
Church, T. M., Marine barite, in Marine Minerals, edited by R. G. Burns, Rev. Mineral., 6, 175-209, 1979.
Dehairs, F., R. Chesselet, and J. Jedwab, Discrete suspended particules of barite and the barium cycle in the open ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 49, 529-550, 1980.
Dehairs, F., N. Stroobants, and L. Goeyens, Suspended barite as a tracer of biological activity in the Southern Ocean, Mar. Chem., 35, 399-410, 1991.
Dehairs, F., D. Shopova, S. Ober, C. Veth, and L. Goeyens, Particulate barium stocks and oxygen consumption in the Southern Ocean mesopelagic water column during spring and early summer: Relationship with export production, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 497-516, 1997.
Dezileau, L., G. Barcille, J. L. Reyss, F. Lemoine, and L. Labeyrie, Evidence for strong sediment redistribution by bottom currents along the Southeastern Indian Ridge, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 47, 1899-1936, 2000.
Dymond, J., E. Suess, and M. Lyle, Barium in deep-sea sediment: A geochemical proxy for paleoproductivity. Paleoceanography, 7, 163-181, 1992.
Dymond, J., R. Collier, J. McManus, S. Honjo, and S. Manganini, Can the aluminum and titanium contents of ocean sediments be used to determine the paleoproductivity of the oceans?, Paleoceanography, 12, 586-593, 1997.
Fagel, N., L. André, and F. Dehairs, Advective excess Ba transport as shown from sediment and trap geochemical signatures, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 16, 2353-2367, 1999.
François, R., M. A. Altabet, and L. H. Burckle, Glacial to interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean as recorded by sediment δ15N, Paleoceanography, 7, 589-606, 1992.
François, R., M. P. Bacon, M. A. Altabet, and L. Labeyrie, Glacial/interglacial changes in sediment rain rate in the SW Indian sector of subantartic waters as recorded by 230Th,231Pa, U, and δ15N, Paleoceanography, 8, 611-629, 1993.
François, R., S. Honjo, S. Manganini, and G.E. Ravizza, Biogenic barium fluxes to the deep sea: Implications for paleoproductivity reconstruction. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9, 289-303, 1995.
François, R., M. A. Altabet, F. E. Yu, D. M. Sigman, M. P. Bacon, M. Frank, G. Bohrmann, G. Bareille, and L. Labeyrie, Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the last glacial period, Nature, 389, 929-935, 1997.
Frank, M., Reconstruction of late Quaternary environmental conditions applying the natural radionuclides 230Th, 10Be, 231Pa and 238U: A study of deep-sea sediments from the eastern sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system, Ber. Polarforsch., 186, 136 pp., 1996.
Frank, M., R. Gersonde, M. Rutgers van der Loeff, G. Kuhn, and A. Mangini, Late Quaternary sediment dating and quantification of lateral sediment redistribution applying 230Thex: A study from the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geol. Rundsch., 85, 554-566, 1996.
Frank, M., R. Gersonde, M. Rutgers van der Loeff, G. Bohrmann, C. Nümberg, P. W. Kubik, M. Suter, and A. Mangini, Similar glacial and interglacial export productivity in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: Multiproxy evidence and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2, Paleoceanography, 15, 642-658, 2000.
Gingele, F., and A. Dahmke, Discrete barite particles and barium as tracers of paleoproductivity in South Atlantic sediments, Paleoceanography, 9, 151-168, 1994.
Gingele, F., M. Zabel, S. Kasten, W. J. Bonn, and C. C. Nümberg, Biogenic barium as a proxy for paleoproductivity: Methods and limitations of application, in Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography: Examples From the South Atlantic, edited by G. Fischer and G. Wefer, pp. 345-364, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.
Goldberg, E. D., and G. O. S. Arrhenius, Chemistry of Pacific pelagic sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 13, 153-212, 1958.
Keir, R. S., Reconstructing the ocean carbon system variation during the last 150,000 years according to the Antartic nutrient hypothesis, Paleoceanography, 5, 253-276, 1990.
Knox, F., and M. B. McElroy, Changes in atmospheric CO2: Influence of marine biota at high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4629-4637, 1984.
Kumar, N., Trace metals and natural radionuclides as tracers of ocean productivity, Ph.D. thesis, 317 pp., Columbia Univ., New York, 1994.
Kumar, N., R. Gwiazda, R. F. Anderson, and P.N. Froelich, 231Pa/230Th ratios in sediments as a proxy for past changes in Southern Ocean productivity, Nature, 362, 45-48, 1993.
Lancelot, C., E. Hannon, S. Becquevort, C. Veth, and H. J. De Baar, Modeling phytoplankton blooms and carbon export production in the Southern Ocean: Dominant controls by light and iron in the Atlantic sector in Austral spring 1992. Deep Sea Res., Part I, 47, 1621-1662, 2000.
Martin, J. H., Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis, Paleoceanography, 5, 1-13, 1990.
Martin, J. H., S. E. Fitzwater, and R. M. Gordon, Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in Antartic waters. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 4, 5-12, 1990.
McManus, J., W. H. Berelson, G. P. Klinkhammer, T. E. Kilgore, and D. E. Hammond, Remobilization of barium in continental margin sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 4899-4907, 1994.
McManus, J., et al., Geochemistry of barium in marine sediments: Implications for its use as a paleoproxy, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62, 3453-3473, 1998.
McManus, J., W. M. Berelson, D. E. Hammond,and G. P. Klinkhammer, Barium cycling in the North Pacific: Implications for the utility of Ba as a paleoproductivity and paleoalkalinity proxy, Paleoceanography, 14, 53-61, 1999.
Monnin, C., C. Jeandel, T. Cattaldo, and F. Dehairs, The marine barite saturation state of the world's oceans, Mar. Chem., 65, 253-261, 1999.
Moore, J. K., M. R. Abbott, J. R. Richman, and D. Nelson, The Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum: A strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 455-475, 2000.
Murray, R. W., and M. Leinen, Scavenged excess aluminum and its relationship to bulk titanium in biogenic sediment from the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3869-3878, 1996.
Navez, J., Méthodes d'analyse des éléments majeurs dans les roches silicatées basée sur la spectrométrie d'émission dans un plasma à couplage inductif, Dep. Geol. Min. Rapp. Ann. 1983-1984, pp. 87-90, Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Tervuren, Belgium, 1985.
Nürnberg, C. C., Bariumfluss und sedimentation in the südlichen Südatlantik-Hinweise auf produktivitätsänderungen im Quartär, doctoral dissertation, 105 pp., Christian-Albrechts- Univ. zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1995.
Nürnberg, C. C., G. Bohrmann, and M. Schluter, Barium accumulation in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: Results from 190,000- year records. Paleoceanography, 12, 594-603, 1997.
Orsi, A. H., T. Whitworth, and W. D. Nowlin, On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antartic Circumpolar Current, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42, 641-673, 1995.
Paytan, A., M. Kastner, E. E. Martin, J. D. Macdougall, and T. Herbert, Marine barite as a monitor of seawater strontium isotope composition, Nature, 366, 445-449, 1993.
Paytan, A., M. Kastner, and F. P. Chavez, Glacial to interglacial fluctuations in productivity in the equatorial Pacific as indicated by marine barite, Science, 274, 1355-1357, 1996.
Peterson, R. G., and L. Stramma, Upper-level circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 26, 1-73, 1991.
Quéguiner, B., P. Tréguer, I. Pecke, and R. Scharek, Biogeochemical dynamics and the silicon cycle in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during austral spring 1992. Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 69-89, 1997.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M., and G. W. Berger, Scavenging of 230Th and 231Pa near the Antarctic Polar Front in the South Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 339-357. 1983.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M., J. Friedrich, and U. V. Bathmann, Carbon export during the spring bloom at the Antartic Polar Front, determined with the natural tracer 234Th, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 457-478, 1997.
Sarmiento, J. L., and J. R. Toggweiler, A new model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric pCO2, Nature. 308, 621-626, 1984.
Sarnthein, M., K. Winn, J. C. Duplessy, and M. R. Fontugne, Global variations of surface ocean productivity in low and mid latitudes: Influence on CO2 reservoirs of the deep ocean and atmosphere during the last 21,000 years, Paleoceanography, 3, 361-399, 1988.
Schmitz, B., Barium, equatorial high productivity, and the northward wandering of the Indian continent, Paleoceanography, 2, 63-77, 1987.
Schroeder, J. O., R. W. Murray, M. Leinen, R. C. Pflaum, and T. R. Janecek, Barium in equatorial Pacific carbonate sediment: Terrigenous, oxide and biogenic associations, Paleoceanography, 12, 125-146, 1997.
Shemesh, A., S. A. Macko, C. D. Charles, and G. H. Rau, Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the glacial southern Ocean, Science, 262, 407-410, 1993.
Shimmield, G.B., Can sediment geochemistry record changes in coastal upwelling palaeoproductivity? Evidence from northwest Africa and the Arabian Sea, in Upwelling Systems Since the Early Miocene, edited by C. W. Prell and K. Emeis, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 64, 29-46, 1992.
Shimmield, G., S. Derrick, A. Mackensen, H. Grobe, and C. Pudsey, The history of barium, biogenic silica and organic carbon accumulation in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic Ocean over the last 150,000 years, in Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean's Role in Global Change, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. I, vol. X, edited by R. Zahn et al., pp. 555-574. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994.
Siegenthaler, U., and T. Wenk, Rapid atmospheric CO2 variations and ocean circulation, Nature, 308, 624-626, 1984.
Smetacek, V., H. J. W. DeBaar, U. V. Bathmann, K. Lochte, and M. M. Rutgers van der Loeff, Ecology and biogeochemistry of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current during austral spring: A summary of Southern Ocean JGOFS cruise ANT X/6 of R/V Polarstern, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 1-21, 1997.
Stephens, B. B., and R. F. Keeling, The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacial-interglacial CO2 variations, Nature, 404, 171-174, 2000.
Stroobants, N., F. Dehairs, L. Goeyens, N. Vanderheijden, and R. Van Grieken, Barite formation in the Southern Ocean water column. Mar. Chem., 35, 411-422, 1991.
Taylor, S. R., and S. M. McLennan, The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution, Blackwell, Malden, Mass., 1985.
Van Bennekom, A. J., G. W. Berger, S. J. Van der Gaast, and R. T. P. De Vries, Primary productivity and the silica cycle in the southern ocean (Atlantic sector). Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol., 67, 19-30, 1988.
Veth, C., I. Peeken, and R. Scharek, Physical anatomy of fronts and surface waters in the ACC near the 6°W meridian during austral spring 1992. Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 23-49, 1997.
Von Breymann, M. T., K. C. Emeis, and E. Suess, Water depth and diagenetic constraints on the use of barium as a paleoproductivity indicator, in Upwelling Systems: Evolution Since the Early Miocene, edited by C. P. Summerhayes, W. L. Prell, and K. C. Emeis, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 64, 273-284, 1992.
Walter, H.-J., Scavenging of 231Pa and 230Th in the South Atlantic: Implications for the use of the 231Pa/230Th ratio as a paleoproductivity proxy, Rep. 282. Alfred Wegener Inst., Bremerhaven, Germany, 1998.
Walter, H.-J., M. M. Rutgers van der Loeff, and H. Holtzen, Enhanced scavenging of 231Pa relative to 230Th in the South Atlantic south of the Polar Front: Implications for the use of 231Pa/230Th ratio as a paleoproductivity proxy, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 149, 85-100, 1997.
Yarincik, K. M., R. W. Murray, and L. C. Peterson, Climatically controlled colian and hemipelagic deposition in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, over the past 578,000 years: Results from Al/Ti and K/Al, Paleoceanography. 15, 210-228, 2000.
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
