The need for a consensus in the use of assessment tools for Alzheimer's disease: The Feasibility Study (assessment tools for dementia in Alzheimer Centres across Europe), a European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium's (EADC) survey
Diaz, S. P. R.; Gregorio, P. G.; Casado, J. M. R.et al.
2005 • In International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20 (8), p. 744-748
[en] Aims To ensure that all Alzheimer centres across Europe are capable of using a similar method of data collection. Information about the patient assessment tools used by each participating centre was obtained and normal clinical practice in each EADC centre was documented by collecting data from routine new patient consultation. Methods Twenty new consecutive patients with objective memory impairment were recruited in each Alzheimer centre over 6 months. Each patient consultation was carried out according to routine clinical practice. Patient data were recorded using the anonymous patient protocol (demographic, diagnosis, MMSE score, patient assessment scales, and most prominent behavioural problem). Information about neuropsychological assessment tools used in each centre was take to account to harmonise research practice for future multicentre collaboration. Results Seven hundred and four patients from 36 memory clinics in 13 countries across Europe participated in the study. [M:F ratio 0.67. Mean age 75.4 SD 9.3 (51-102) Mean MMSE 21 SD 6 (0-30)] Five hundred and fifty-five patients had a clinical diagnosis of dementia [Alzheimer's disease (68.5%), vascular dementia (10.3%), frontal lobe dementia (5.6%), Lewy body dementia (4.1%), mixed dementia (5.6%)]. Duration of symptoms: 0-6 months 6.5%; 6-12 months 16.1%; 1-2 years 30.5%; 2-5 years 46.9%. Assessment scales used: Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 48.9%, Reisberg's Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) 38.6%, ADL/IADL (Lawton and Brody, 1969) 37.5%, Neuropsychological Inventory (NPI) 28.6%, Geriatric Depression Scale 22%, ADL (Katz et al., 1963) 19.2%, ADAS-Cog 14.9%, Cornell Scale for Depression 12.9%, Grober and Bushke Selective Reminding Test 11.5%, ADCS/ADL 7.7%. 64.8% of the patients experienced behavioural symptoms: apathy 13.6%; anxiety 12.8%; dysphoria 9.9%; irritability 7.8%; agitation 5.5%; hallucinations 3.6%; delusions 3.6%, sleep disorder 2.4%; desinhibition 2%. Conclusions The most common type of cognitive decline was Alzheimer's disease followed by mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia. CDR, GDS Reisberg, and ADL/IADL were used widely (40-50%). The NPI, geriatric depression scale and ADL (Katz, 1963) were only used in 20% of the centres. We verified large differences in the tools use in the EADC centres to evaluate patients with dementia across Europe. There is a need for a consensus in the use of assessment tools for dementia in Alzheimer's centres in Europe. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley
Disciplines :
Psychiatry Sociology & social sciences Geriatrics
Author, co-author :
Diaz, S. P. R.
Gregorio, P. G.
Casado, J. M. R.
Reynish, E.
Ousset, P. J.
Vellas, B.
Salmon, Eric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Neuroimagerie des troubles de la mémoire et révalid. cogn.
Language :
English
Title :
The need for a consensus in the use of assessment tools for Alzheimer's disease: The Feasibility Study (assessment tools for dementia in Alzheimer Centres across Europe), a European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium's (EADC) survey
Alexopoulous, G.S., Abrams, R.C., Young, R.C., Shamoian, C.A., Cornell scale for depression in dementia (1988) Biol. Psychiatry, 23, pp. 271-284
Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B.E., Roth, M., The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects (1968) Br. J. Psychiatry, 114, pp. 797-811
Brodaty, H., Moore, C.M., The Clock Drawing Test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A comparison of three scoring methods in a memory disorders clinic (1997) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 12, pp. 619-627
Buschke, H., Cued recall in amnesia (1984) J. Clin. Neuropsychol., 6, pp. 433-440
Buschke, H., Kuslansky, G., Katz, M., Screening for dementia with the Memory Impairment Screen (1999) Neurology, 52, p. 231
Cummings, J.L., Mega, M., Gray, K., The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia (1994) Neurology, 44, pp. 2308-2314
Folstein, W., Folstein, S.E., McHugh, P.R., 'Mini-mental state': A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician (1975) J. Psychiatr. Res., 12, pp. 189-198
Galasko, D., Bennett, D., Sano, M., An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (1997) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord., 11 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S33-S39. , The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
Gelinas, I., Gauthier, L., McIntyre, M., Gauthier, S., Development of a functional measure for persons with Alzheimer's disease: The disability assessment for dementia (1999) Am. J. Occup. Ther., 53, pp. 471-481
Grober, E., Bushke, H., Genuine memory deficit in dementia (1997) Neuropsychol., 3, pp. 13-36
Grober, E., Buschke, H., Crystal, H., Bang, S., Dresner, R., Screening of dementia by memory testing (1988) Neurology, 38, pp. 900-903
Hachinski, V.C., Iliff, L.D., Zilhka, E., Cerebral blood flow in dementia (1975) Arch. Neurol., 32, pp. 632-637
Hamilton, M., A rating scale for depression (1960) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 23, pp. 56-62
Hughes, C.P., Berg, L., Danziger, W.L., Coben, L.A., Martin, R.L., A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia (1982) Br. J. Psychiatry, 140, pp. 566-572
Johnson, N., Davis, T., Bosanquet, N., The epidemic of Alzheimer's disease. How can we manage the costs? (2000) Pharmacoeconomics, 18, pp. 215-223
Katz, S., Ford, A.B., Moskowitz, R.W., Jackson, B.A., Jaffe, M.W., Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychological function (1963) JAMA, 185, pp. 914-919
Lawton, M.P., Brody, E.M., Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living (1969) Gerontologist, 9, pp. 179-186
Lobo, A., Launer, L.J., Fratiglioni, L., Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts (2000) Neurology, 54 (SUPPL. 5), pp. S4-S9. , Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group
Mendez, M.F., Cummings, J.L., Prevalence of different dementing diseases (2003) Dementia: A Clinical Approach, pp. 7-12. , 3rd Edn, Mendez MF, Cummings JL (eds). Butterworth-Heinemann, Elseiver Science: Philadelphia, PA
Morris, J.C., The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 2412-2414
Reisberg, B., Ferris, S.H., de Leon, M.J., Crook, T., Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) for assessment of primary degenerative dementia (1982) Am. J. Psychiatry, 139, pp. 1136-1139
Riedel-Heller, S.G., Busse, A., Angermeyer, M.C., Are cognitively impaired individuals adequately represented in community surveys? Recruitment challenges and strategies to facilitate participation in community surveys of older adults: A review (2000) Eur. J. Epidemiol., 16, pp. 827-835
Rosen, W.G., Mohs, R.C., Davis, K.L., A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease (1984) Am. J. Psychiatry, 141, pp. 1356-1364
Roth, M., Tym, E., Mountjoy, C.Q., CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia (1986) Br. J. Psychiatry, 149, pp. 698-709
Shulman, K., Shedletsky, R., Silver, I., The challenge of time: Clock drawing and cognitive function in the elderly (1986) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 1, pp. 135-140
Sternberg, S.A., Wolfson, C., Baumgarten, M., Undetected dementia in community-dwelling older people: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging (2000) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 48, pp. 1430-1434
Sunderland, T., Hill, J.L., Mellow, A.M., Clock drawing in Alzheimer's disease. A novel measure of dementia severity (1989) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 37, pp. 725-729
Tariot, P.N., Mack, J.L., Patterson, M.B., The Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (1995) Am. J. Psychiatry, 152, pp. 1349-1357. , and the Behavioral Pathology Committee of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease
Vellas, B., Reynish, E., Johansson, G., Winblad, B., The European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) (2003) Research and Practice in Alzheimer's Disease, 7, pp. 14-20
Wolf-Klein, G.P., Silverstone, F.A., Levy, A.P., Brod, M.S., Screening for Alzheimer's disease by clock drawing (1989) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 37, pp. 730-734
Yesavage, J.A., Brink, T.L., Rose, T.L., Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report (1983) J. Psych. Research, 17, pp. 37-49
Zarit, S.H., Reever, K.E., Bach-Peterson, J., Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feeling of burden (1980) Gerontologist, 20, pp. 649-655