trace metals; major elements; sediments; estuary; Scheldt
Abstract :
[en] Superficial sediments of the Scheldt estuary were collected with a Van Veen grab at 57 stations between Temse and Vlissingen. They were analysed for major elements (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cinorg and Corg) and trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn and Li). Factor analysis indicates that 44% of the variance can be explained by one factor which exhibits a high saturation for trace metals, organic matter, Al and Fe, all variables typical of fine mud. The high scores of this first factor are almost exclusively present in the upper estuary except for one area in front of Terneuzen. The second factor, which explains 23% of the variance, is typical of the carbonates and the third one (19% of the variance) is representative of the clay minerals. These two factors are more evenly distributed over the estuary. As usual, a strong influence of granulometry on the distribution of trace elements in the sediments was observed. Intercomparison of their composition within the Scheldt or with those of other aquatic systems requires thus a normalization procedure. This problem has been studied in detail by analysing various size fractions (63–16, 16–8, 8–4, <4 m) obtained by elutriation of the sample or by using a parameter characteristic of the fine fraction such as the concentration of a typical element (Al, Fe, Li, Corg). The normalization of trace metals allowed us to evaluate an enrichment factor of the trace elements in the estuarine deposits due to mans activities. In addition, it demonstrates the decrease of the anthropogenic impact on the composition of sediments by comparing the composition of sediments collected in 1976 and in 1994.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Bouezmarni, Mohamed ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement
Wollast, Roland
Language :
English
Title :
Geochemical composition of sediments in the Scheldt
Publication date :
2005
Journal title :
Hydrobiologia
ISSN :
0018-8158
eISSN :
1573-5117
Publisher :
Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
Special issue title :
Ecological structures and functions in the Scheldt Estuary: from past to future
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
W. Baeyens F. Monteny R. Van Ryssen M. Leermakers 1998 A box-model of metal flows through the Scheldt estuary (1981-1983 and 1992-1995) Hydobiologia 366 109 128
W. G. Beeftink J. Nieuwenhuize M. Stoeppler C. Mohl 1982 Heavy-metal accumulation in salt marshes from western and eastern Scheldt Science of the Total Environment 25 199 223
Blangeaud 1938. Etudes quantitatives et expérimentales sur l'érosion et le transfert par les eaux courantes. Revue De Geographie Physique Et De Geologie Dynamique, LL: 357-370.
K. W. Bruland K. Bertine M. Koide E. Goldberg 1974 History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone Environmental Science & Technology 8 425 432
I. Cato 1977 Recent sedimentological and geochemical conditions and pollution problems in two marine areas in south-western Sweden Striae. Uppsalien-sis pro Geologia Quaternaria 6 158
Y. G. Cho C. B. Lee M. S. Choi 1999 Geochemistry of surface sediments off the southern and western coasts of Korea Marine Geology 159 111 129
K. Daskalakis T. O'Conner 1995 Normalisation and elemental sediment contamination in the coastal United States Environmental Science & Technology 29 470 477
J. C. Duinker R. F. Nolting D. Michel 1982 Effects of salinity, pH and redox conditions on the behaviour of Cd, Zn, Ni and Mn in the Scheldt estuary Thalassia Jugosl. 18 191 201
P. Hanson D. Evans D. Colby V. Zdanowics 1993 Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments Marine Environmental Research 36 237 266
D. M. Hirst 1962 The geochemistry of modern sediments from the Gulf of Paria: 1 The relationship between the mineralogy and distribution of major elements. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 26 309 334
D. M. Hirst 1962 The geochemistry of modern sediments from the Gulf of Paria: 2 The location and distribution of trace elements. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 26 1147 1187
A. L. W. Kemp R. L. Thomas A. Mudrochova 1974 Sedimentation rates and recent sediment history of Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44 207 218
Loring D. H. 1988. Normalisation of heavy metal data. In Report of the 75th Statutory Meeting of the Working Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Pollution. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen: 19-42.
D. H. Loring R. T. T. Rantala 1992 Manual for the geochemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended matter Earth-Science Reviews 32 235 283
Martin & Withfield, 1983. The significance of river input of chemical elements to the ocean. In Wong, C. S., J. D. Burton, E. Boyle, K. Bruland & E. D. Goldberg (eds), Trace Metals in Sea Water, Copenhagen: 19-42.
J. Morse B. Presley R. Taylor G. Benoit P. Santschi 1993 Trace metal chemistry of Galveston Bay: water, sediments and biota Marine Environmental Research 36 1 37
Paucot H. 1997. Distribution et comportement biogéochimique des métaux traces dans la matière particulaire des systèmes marins. Ph.D thesis, Brussels 1996-1997.
H. Paucot R. Wollast 1997 Transport and transformation of trace metals in the Scheldt estuary Marine Chemistry 58 229 244
P. Regnier R. Wollast 1993 Distribution of trace metals in suspended matter of the Scheldt estuary Marine Chemistry 43 3 19
J. H. Rule 1986 Assessment of trace element geochemistry of Hampton Roads harbor and lower Chesapeake Bay area sediments Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 8 209 219
I. Saulnier A. Mucci 1999 Trace metal remobilization following the resuspension of estuarine sediments: Saguenay Fjord, Canada Applied Geochemistry 15 203 222
K. C. Schiff S. B. Weisberg 1999 Iron as a reference element for determining trace metal enrichment in Southern California coastal shelf sediments Marine Environmental Research 48 161 176
Schropp S., Lewis G., Windom H., Ryan J., Caldner F., Burney L. (1990). Interpretation of metal concentrations in estuarine sediments of Florida using aluminum as a reference element Estuaries 13: 227-235
V. Van Alsenoy A. van Put P. Bernard R. van Grieken 1989 Chemical characterization of suspensions and sediments in the North Sea and Scheldt estuary G. Pichot Progress in Belgian Oceanographic Research. Royal Academy of Sciences Brussels 351 368
V. Van Alsenoy P. Bernard R. van Grieken 1993 Elemental concentrations and heavy metal pollution in sediments and suspended matter from the Belgian North Sea and the Scheldt estuary Science of the Total Environment 133 153 181
S. Van Damme P. Meire H. Maeckelberghe M. Verdievel L. Bourgoing E. Taverniers T. Ysebaert G. Warttel 1995 De waterkwaliteit van de Zeeschelde: evolutie in de voorbije dertig jaar Water 85 244 256
H. L. Windom S. J. Schropp F. D. Calder J. D. Ryan R. G. Smith Jr. L. C. Burney F. G. Lewis C. H. Rawlinson 1989 Natural trace metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments of the southeastern U.S. Environmental Science & Technology 23 314 320
Wollast, R., 1976. Transport et accumulation de polluants dans l'estuaire de l'Escaut. In J. C. Nihoul & R. Wollast (eds), l'Estuaire de l'Escaut. Projet Mer, Rapport final, Bruxelles, Service du Premier Ministre 10: 191-201.
R. Wollast G. Billen J. C. Duinker 1979 Behaviour of manganese in the Rhine and Scheldt estuaries.I. Physico-chemical aspects Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 9 161 169
Wollast R., Devos G., Hoenig M. 1985. Distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Scheldt estuary. In Progress in Belgian Oceanographic Research - Brussels: 147-159
Wollast, R., G. Devos & M. Hoenig, 1985b. Distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Scheldt estuary. In Progress in Belgian Oceanographic Research - Brussels: 147-159.
Wollast, R., 1988. The Scheldt estuary. In Salomons, W., B. L. Bayne, E. K. Duursma, U. Förstner (eds), Pollution of the North Sea. An Assessment. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 183-194.
J. J. G. Zwolsman G. W. Berger G. T. M. van Eck 1993 Sediment accumulation rates, historical input, postdepositional mobility and retention of major elements and trace metals in salt marsh sediments of the Scheldt estuary, SW Netherlands Marine Chemistry 44 73 94
J. J. G. Zwolsman 1996 Spatial and temporal distribution of trace metals in sediments from the Scheldt estuary, South-west Netherlands Coastal and Shelf Science 43 55 79
Zwolsman J. J. G. 1999. Geochemistry of trace metals in the Scheldt estuary. Ph.D. thesis. Utrecht: 151-163.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.