numerical analysis; mathematical models; deep water masses; hydrodynamics; nutrient cycles; Mediterranean
Abstract :
[en] Statistical modelling was applied to a large number of historical nutrient data to assess the significance of human perturbations in the Mediterranean Sea. All available phosphate data were grouped into subsets representative of averaged values of the measured vertical profiles in the surface and deep water layers. In contrast to earlier predictions, the statistical analysis of the phosphate concentrations in a deep water layer does not indicate any particular trend in time for the last 30 years. These data sets were then used as an input to an inverse model and a 3D primitive equation model (PEM). The former redistributes the measured concentrations by means of a variational principle and reconstructs average horizontal space distributions of the phosphate data fields as gridded solutions over the whole area. The spatial and temporal distributions thus obtained are visualised graphically and compared with other existing data, providing the first overall view of phosphate in the whole Mediterranean Sea and revealing an increasing oligotrophy towards the eastern basin. The primitive equation model is then used to assess the variability and upwelling fluxes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Research Center/Unit :
Centre Interfacultaire de Recherches en Océanologie - MARE - GHER
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Beckers J.-M. (1991) Application of a 3D model to the Western Mediterranean. Journal of Marine Systems 1:315-332.
Beckers J.-M. (1995) MEDediterranean Models Evaluation eXperiment (MEDMEX). Second Mast Days and Euromar Market, Project reports , Weydert, M., Lipiatou, E., Goni, R., Fragakis, C., Bohle-Carbonell, M., Barthel, K.-G. (Eds.). Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; 1:42-52.
Béthoux J.P., Copin-Montégut G. (1988) Phosphorus and nitrogen in the Mediterranean Sea: Specificities and forecasting. Ocea. Acta, Numéro Spécial , Minas, H.J., Nival, P. (Eds.); 9:75-78.
Béthoux J.P., Morin P., Madec C., Gentili B. (1992) Phosphorus and nitrogen behaviour in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research 39:1641-1654.
Birnhaum Z.W. (1952) Numerical tabulation of the distribution of Kolmogorov's statistic for finite sample size. Journal of the American Statistical Association 47(259):425-441.
Brasseur P., Beckers J.-M., Brankart J.-M., Schoenauen R. (1996) Seasonal temperature and salinity fields in the Mediterranean Sea: Climatological analyses of an historical data set. Deep-Sea Research I 43(2):159-192.
Codispoti L.A. (1989) Phosphorus versus nitrogen limitation of new and export production. Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past , Berger, W.H., et al. (Ed.). Wiley, New York; 377-408.
Copin-Montégut C., Copin-Montégut G. (1983) Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in marine particulate matter. Deep-Sea Research 30:31-46.
Davis J.C. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, Wiley, New York; 1973.
Deleersnijder E. (1989) Upwelling and upsloping in three-dimensional marine models. Applied Mathematical Modelling 13:462-467.
Deleersnijder E., Beckers J.-M. (1992) On the use of the σ-coordinate system in regions of large bathymetric variations. Journal of Marine Systems 3:381-390.
Denis-Karafistan A., Martin J.-M., Minas H., Brasseur P., Nihoul J., Denis C. (1998) Space and seasonal distributions of nitrates in the Mediterranean Sea derived from a variational inverse model. Deep-Sea Research I 45(2-3):387-408.
Fanning K.A. (1989) Influence of atmospheric pollution on nutrient limitation in the ocean. Nature 339:460-463.
Fanning K.A. (1992) Nutrient provinces in the Sea: Concentration ratios, reaction rate ratios, and ideal covariation. Journal of Geophysical Research 97(C4):5693-5712.
Gregoire M., Beckers J., Nihoul J., Stanev E. Coupled hydrodynamic ecosystem model of the Black Sea at basin scale. Model description and first results, NATO Asi Series; 1996.
Gregoire M., Beckers J.-M., Nihoul J., Stanev E. (1998) Reconnaissance of the main Black Sea's ecohydrodynamics by means of a 3D interdisciplinary model. Journal of Marine Systems 16:85-105.
(1974) Résultats de la Campagne Mediprod III, 13 juin-2 juillet 1972. CNEXO, Campagne Mediprod III 8:1-21.
(1981) Propriétés hydrologiques et chimiques des eaux du bassin occidental de la Méditerranée. Résultats des campagnes à la mer , Campagne Mediprod IV, 15 octobre-17 novembre 1981; 26:1-106.
(1986) Variabilité à moyenne échelle du Bassin Algérien: Observations hydrologiques, biologiques et chimiques. Campagne Mediprod V, 27 mai-27 juin 1986. CNRS; .
James I. (1996) Advection schemes for shelf sea models. Journal of Marine Systems 8:237-254.
Kasahara A. (1974) Various vertical coordinate systems used for numerical weather predictions. Monthly Weather Review 102:509-522.
Krom M.D., Kress N., Brenner S. (1991) Phosphorus limitation of primary productivity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 3:424-432.
Krom M.D., Brenner S., Kress N., Neori A., Gordon L.I. (1993) Nutrient distributions during an annual cycle across a warm-core eddy from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 40(4):805-825.
Lefevre D., Minas H.J., Minas M., Robinson C., Le B., Williams P.J., Woodward E.M.S. (1997) Review of gross community production, primary production, net community production and dark community respiration in the Gulf of Lions. Deep-Sea Research II 44(3-4):801-832.
McGill D.A. (1965) The relative supplies of phosphate, nitrate and silicate in the Mediterranean Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Explor. Sci. Medit. 18:737-744.
Mellor G.L., Yamada T. (1982) Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Reviews of Geophysics 20:851-875.
Minas H.J. (1971) Résultats préliminaires de la Campagne Médiprod I du Jean Charcot (1-15 Mars et 4-17 Avril 1969). Investigacion Pesquera 35(1):137-146.
Minas H.J., Bonin C. (1988) Oxygénation physique et biologique de la Méditerranée nord-occidentale en hiver et au printemps. Pelagic Mediterranean Oceanography, Oceanol. Acta , Minas, H.J., Nival, P. (Eds.); SP9:123-132.
Minas H.J., Minas M. (1993) Consideration on the Mediterranean Redfield ratio anomalies with special attention to oxygen versus nutrient changes. Water Pollution Research Report , Martin, J.M., Barth, H. (Eds.), Den Burg/Texel, Netherlands; 28:127-138.
Nihoul J.C.J., Deleersnijder E., Djenidi S. (1989) Modelling the general circulation of shelf seas by 3D k-ε models. Earth-Science Reviews 26:163-189.
Owens N.J.P., Rees A.P., Woodward E.M.S., Mantoura R.F.C. (1989) Size-fractioned primary production and nitrogen assimilation in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during July 1987. EROS 2000 First Workshop on the North-West Mediterranean Sea , Martin, J.M., Barth, H. (Eds.). CEC Water Pollution Research Report; 13:126-135.
General circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean, Earth-Science Reviews 1992, 32:285-309.
Press W.H., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., Brian P.F. Numerical Recipes in Fortran: The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; 1992.
Raimbault P., Coste B. (1991) Very high values of the nitrate: Phosphate ratio (> 30) in the subsurface layers of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Rapp. D.V. Réun. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 32:C18.
Raimbault P., Coste B., Boulhadid M., Boudjellal B. (1993) Origin of high phytoplankton concentration in deep chlorophyll maximum in a frontal region of the Southwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 40(4):791-804.
Redfield A.C., Ketchum B.H., Richards F.A. (1963) The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. The Sea , Hill, M.N. (Ed.). Wiley, New York; 2:26-77.
Schlesinger W.H. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of Global Change , Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1991, 443.
Schlitzer R., Roether W.M., Oster H., Junghans H.-G., Hausmann M., Johannsen H., Michelato A. (1991) Chlorofluoromethane and oxygen in the Eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Research 38(12):1531-1551.
Thungstadt T.F., Rassoulzadegan F. (1995) Nutrient limitations, microbial food webs, and 'biological C-pumps': Suggested interactions in P-limited Mediterranean. Ecology Progress Series 117(1-3):299-306.
Tréguer P., Le Corre P. Manuel d'analyse des sels nutritifs dans l'eau de mer, 2nd Edition, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Chimique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest; 1975.
Le plan bleu, résumé et orientations pour l'action, Rac/Plan 1988, 1-94.
Weichart G. (1990) The quality of old oceanographic data. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 2(43):285-287.
Wollast R. (1981) Interactions between major biogeochemical cycles in marine ecosystems. Some Perspectives of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles , Likens, G.E. (Ed.); 125-142.
1994.
Yilmaz A., Bastürk Ö., Saydam C., Ediger D., Yilmaz K., Hatipoǧlu E. (1992) Eutrophication in Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean. Science of the Total Environment, Supplement 1992 , Vollenweider, R.A., Marchetti, R., Viviani, R. (Eds.). Elsevier Science Publishers B.V, Amsterdam; 705-717.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
