[en] As personality may predispose, precipitate or perpetuate substance abuse and/or dependence, and as it is considered to remain stable across the years in a given subject, potential links with the drug of choice may help screen future patients before drug consumption. The present study compared three groups: 42 patients with heroin dependence (mean age: 31.2; standard deviation (SD): 5.5; 10 females), 37 patients with alcohol dependence (mean age 44.2; SD: 9.1; 9 females) and 83 subjects from a random population sample (mean age: 38.8; SD: 6.9; 20 females). Personality was measured by Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Pillai's MANCOVA with age as a covariate and gender as a cofactor was highly significant. Univariate ANOVA analyses using TCI dimensions as dependent variable showed most variables to vary in parallel for the two patient groups in comparison with controls. Post-hoc tests showed heroin patients to score higher in Novelty-Seeking and Self-Directedness than alcohol patients. Sub-dimensions Exploratory Excitability, Fear of the Uncertain, Responsibility, Congruent Second Nature and Transpersonal Identification were also significantly different in the two patient samples. Logistic regression showed Exploratory Excitability to segregate up to 76% of heroin patients from alcohol patients. In conclusion, personality profiles were linked to some preferential choice of drug and personality screening might be tested in preventive strategies.
Disciplines :
Psychiatry
Author, co-author :
Le Bon, O.
Basiaux, P.
Streel, E.
Tecco, J.
Hanak, C.
Hansenne, Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psycho. de la personnalité et des différences individuelles
Ansseau, Marc ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Psychiatrie et psychologie médicale
Pelc, I.
Verbanck, P.
Dupont, Sylviane ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Administration des patients - Encodage
Language :
English
Title :
Personality profile and drug of choice; a multivariate analysis using Cloninger's TCI on heroin addicts, alcoholics, and a random population group.
Ball S.A., Carroll K.M., Babor T.F., Rounsaville B.J. Subtypes of cocaine abusers: support for a type A/type B distinction. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 63:1995;115-124.
Ball S.A., Carroll K.M., Rounsaville B.J. Sensation seeking, substance abuse, and psychopathology in treatment seeking and community cocaine abusers. J. Consult Clin Psychol. 62:1994;1053-1057.
Barratt, E.S., 1990. Impulsiveness and aggression. In: Proceedings of the Paper Presentation at the McArthur Foundation Program of Research and Mental Behavior, Pittsburgh, PA.
Basiaux P., Le Bon O., Dramaix M., Massat I., Souery D., Mendlewicz J., Pelc I., Verbanck P. Temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile and sub-typing in alcoholic patients: a controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol. 36:2001;584-587.
Benjamin J.Li.L., Patterson C., Greenberg B.D., Murphy D.L. Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of novelty seeking. Nat. Genet. 12:1996;81-84.
Caspi A., Begg D., Dickson N., Harrington H., Langley J., Moffitt T.E., Silva P.A. Personality differences predict health-risk behaviors in young adulthood: evidence from a longitudinal study. J. Pers. Soc. Psycho. 73:1997;1052-1063.
Cloninger C.R. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 44:1987;573-588.
Cloninger C.R., Sigvardsson S., Gilligan S.B., von Knorring A.L., Reich T., Boh man M. Genetic heterogeneity and the classification of alcoholism. Adv. Alcohol Subst. Abuse. 7:1988;3-16.
Cloninger C.R., Svrakic D.M., Przybeck T.R. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 50:1993;975-990.
Compton V.M., Cottler L.B., Ben Abdallah A., Spitznagel E.L. Psychiatric disorders among drug dependent sujects: are they primary or secondary? Am. J. Addict. 9:2000;126-134.
Conway K.P., Swendsen J.D., Rounsaville B.J., Merikangas K.R. Personality, drug of choice, and comorbid psychopathology among substance users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 65:2002;225-234.
Cooper M.L., Agocha V.B., Sheldon M.S. A motivational perspective on risky behaviors: the role of personality and affect regulatory processes. J. Pers. 68:2000;1059-1088.
Craig R.J., Olson R.E. MCMI comparisons of cocaine abusers and heroin addicts. J. Clin. Psychol. 46:1990;2: 230-237.
Hathaway S.R., McKinley J.C., 1940. The MMPI manual. Psychological Corporation. New York, NY.
de Wit H., Bodker B. Personality and drug preferences in normal volunteers. Int. J. Addict. 29:1994;1617-1630.
Ebstein R.P., Novick O., Umansky R., Priel B., Osher Y., Blaine D., Bennett E.R., Nemanov L., Katz M., Belmaker R.H. Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of Novelty Seeking. Nat. Genet. 12:1996;78-80.
Eysenck H.J., 1967. In: Carles C. (Ed.), The Biological Basis of Personality. Thomas, Springfield.
Eysenck S.B., Eysenck H.J. The measurement of psychoticism: a study of factor stability and reliability. Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. Dec. 7:1968;286-294.
Eysenck H.J., 1990. Biological basis of personality. In: L.A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of Personality. Theory and Research, Guildford Press, New-York, pp. 244-276.
Gabel S., Stallings M.C., Schmitz S., Young S.E., Cowley T.J., Fulker D.W. Personality dimensions in mothers and sons: relationship to adolescent misuse. Pers. Indiv. Diff. 23:1997;79-86.
Galen L.W., Henderson M.J., Whitman R.D. The utility of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and expectancy in the prediction of drinking. Addict Behav. 22(1):1997;93-106.
Gawin F.H., Kieber H.D. Abstinence symptomatology and psychiatric diagnosis in cocaine abusers: clinical observations. Arch. Gen. Psychatry. 43:1986;107-113.
Gerdner A., Nordlander T., Pedersen T. Personality factors and drug of choice in female addicts with psychiatric comorbidity. Subst. Use Misuse. 37(1):2002;1-18.
Greene R.L., Adyanthaya A.E., Morse R.M., Davis L.J. Personality variables in cocaine-and marijuana-dependent patients. J. Pers. Assess. 61(2):1993;224-230.
Hansenne M., Le Bon O., Gauthier A., Ansseau M. Belgian normative data of the temperament and character inventory. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. 17:2001;56-62.
Heath A.C., Madden P.A., Slutske W.S., Martin N.G. Personality and the inheritance of smoking behavior: a genetic perspective. Behav. Genet. 25:1995;103-117.
Heath A.C., Bucholz K.K., Madden P.A., Dinwiddie S.H., Slutske W.S., Bierut L.J., Statham D.J., Dunne M.P., Whitfield J.B., Martin N.G. Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol dependence risk in a national sample: consistency of findings in women and men. Psychol. Med. 27:1997;1381-1396.
Huba G.J., Segal B., Singer J.L. Prediction of college drug use from personality and inner experience. Int. J. Addict. 45(6):1980;849-867.
Jones M.C. Personality correlates and antecedents of drinking patterns in adult males. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 32:1968;2-12.
Kammeier M.L., Hoffman H., Loper R.G. Personality characteristics of alcoholics as college freshmen and at a time of treatment. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol. 34:1973;390-399.
Khantzian E.J. The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. Am. J. Psychiatry. 142(11):1985;1259- 1264.
Kusyszyn I., Rutter R. Personality characteristics of male heavy gamblers, light gamblers, nongamblers, and lottery players. J. Gambl. Behav. 1:1985;59-64.
Le Bon O., Verbanck P., Hoffmann G., Murphy J.R., Staner L., De Groote D., Mampunza S., Den Dulk A., Vacher C., Kornreich C., Pelc I. Sleep in detoxified alcoholics: impairment of most standard sleep parameters and increased risk for sleep apnea, but not for myoclonias - a controlled study. J. Stud. Alcohol. 58(1):1997;30-36.
Loper R.G., Kammeier M.L., Hoffmann H. MMPI characteristics of college freshmen who later became alcoholics. J. Abnormal Psychol. 82:1973;159-162.
Malatesta V., Sutker P.B., Treiber F.A. Sensation seeking and chronic public drunkenness. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 49:1981;292-294.
Masse L.C., Tremblay R.E. Behavior of boys in kindergarten and the onset of substance use during adolescence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 54(1):1997;62-68.
McGue M., Slutske W., Iacono W.G. Personality and substance use disorders. Part II. Alcoholism versus drug use disorders. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 69:1999;694-704.
Miller N.S., Klamen D., Hoffmann N.G., Flaherty J.A. Prevalence of depression and alcohol and other drug dependence in addictions treatment populations. J. Psychoactive Drugs. 28:1996;111-124.
Mitchell S.H. Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Psychopharmacology. 146:1999;455-464.
Moorman, P.P., de Cocq van Delwijnen, H., van Wessel, K., Bauer, H., 1989. Personality characteristics of drug addicts in the Netherlands. Leiden Psychological Reports. LPR-PP 02-89.
O'Connor L., Berry J.W. The drug-of-choice phenomenon: why addicts start using their preferred drug. J. Psychoactive Drugs. 22:1990;305-311.
O'Connor L.E., Berry J.W., Morrison A., Brown S. The drug-of-choice phenomenon psychological differences among drug users who preferred different drugs. Int. J. Addict. 30:1995;541-555.
Pandina, R.J., Johnson, V., LaBouvie, E.W., 1992. Affectivity: a central mechanism in the development of drug dependence. In: Pickens, R., Glantz, M. (Eds.), Vulnerability to drug abuse. American Psychological Association, DC, pp. 179-209.
Platt J.J. "Addiction proneness" and personality in heroin addicts. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 84:1975;303-306.
Pomerleau C.S., Pomerleau O.F., Flessland K.A., Basson S.M. Relationship of tridimensional personality questionnaire scores and smoking variables in female and male smokers. J. Subst. Abuse. 4:1992;143-154.
Patton D., Barnes G.E., Murray R.P. A personality typology of smokers. Addict. Behav. 22:1993;269-273.
Post R.M. Cocaine psychosis: a continuum model. Am. J. Psychiatry. 132:1975;225-231.
Revelle W., Humphreys M.S., Simon L., Gilliland K. The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: a test of the arousal model. J. Exp. Psychol. (Gen.). 109:1980;1-31.
Ravaja N., Keltikangas-Jarvinen K. Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions in young adulthood and their relation to characteristics of parental alcohol use and smoking. J. Stud. Alcohol. 62:2001;98-104.
Sher K.J., Levenson R.W. Risk for alcoholism and individual differences in the stress response dampening effect of alcohol. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 91:1982;350-367.
Tellegen, A., 1985. Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In Tuma, A.H., Maser, J. (Eds.), Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 681-706.
Van Ammers E.C., Seilman J.D., Mulder R.T. Temperament and substance abuse in schizophrenia: is there a relationship? J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 185:1997;283-288.
Vukov M., Baba-Milkic N., Lecic D., Mijalkovic S., Marinkovic J. Personality dimensions of opiate addicts. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91:1995;103-107.
Wills T.A., Vaccaro D., McNamara G. Novelty seeking, risk taking, and related constructs as predictors of adolescent substance use: an application of Cloninger's theory. J. Subst. Abuse. 6:1994;1-20.
Wise R.A., Bozarth M.A. A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction. Psychol. Rev. 9:1987;469-492.
Zuckerman, M., 1974. The sensation seeking motive. In: Maher, B.A. (Ed.), Progress in Experimental Personality Research, vol. 7, Academic Press, New York.
Zuckerman M., Sola S., Masterson J., Angelone J.V. MMPI Patterns in drug abusers before and after treatment in therapeutic communities. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 43:1975;286-296.
Zuckerman, M., 1983. Sensation seeking: the initial motive for drug abuse. In: Gottheil, E., Druley, K.A., Skoloda, T.E., Waxman, H.M. (Eds.), Etiological Aspects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Thomas, Springfield, IL, pp. 202-220.
Zuckerman, M., 1987. Biological connections between sensation seeking and drug abuse. In: Engel, J., Oreland, L. (Eds.), Brain Reward Systems and Abuse, Raven, New York, pp. 165-176.
Zuckerman, M., 1994. Behavioral Expressions and Biosocial Bases of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge University Press.
