Mantle Melting Conditions of Mare Lavas on South Pole–Aitken Basin of Lunar Farside

lunar farside; mantle melting; mare basalt; South Pole-Aitken; Lunar farside; Mantle melting; Mare basalt; Melting conditions; Remote sensing data; Rock sample; South Pole-Aitken basins; Space administration; Thermal evolution; Geophysics; Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)

Abstract :

[en] The understanding of thermal evolution and magmatic history of the Moon has so far been informed by studies of rock samples from the nearside. However, the recently completed Chang'E-6 mission by China National Space Administration has returned the first samples from the lunar farside, providing a unique opportunity to refine our understanding of the Moon's history. To provide context for future research on these returned samples, we use remote sensing data and geochemical modeling to infer temperature and pressure conditions of the lunar mantle that could generate the surface lavas in Apollo basin on the lunar farside. The estimated melt-mantle equilibration conditions cover a temperature range from 1,170°C to 1,430°C and a pressure range from 0.3 to 1.7 GPa, requiring mantle potential temperatures of 1,220°C–1430°C. The mantle melting conditions on farside are cooler and shallower than those on the nearside mantle, if the mantle compositions are similar.

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Zhang, Yishen ; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, United States

Dasgupta, Rajdeep ; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, United States

Ji, Dian ; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, United States

Lee, Cin-Ty ; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, United States

Peng, Ye ; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, United States

Charlier, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Pétrologie, géochimie endogènes et pétrophysique

Jin, Ziliang ; State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao

Chen, Jian ; Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai, China

Namur, Olivier ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Language :

English

Title :

Mantle Melting Conditions of Mare Lavas on South Pole–Aitken Basin of Lunar Farside

Publication date :

28 March 2025

Journal title :

Geophysical Research Letters

ISSN :

0094-8276

eISSN :

1944-8007

Publisher :

John Wiley and Sons Inc

Volume :

Issue :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2024GL112418

Funding text :

Constructive review comments by Sarah Lambart and J. Brian Balta significantly improved the quality of the paper. We also thank Kevin Lewis for editoral handling. The research received funding from the NASA Grant 80NSSC18K0828 to RD.

Available on ORBi :

since 28 January 2026

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