behavioral response; exposure to low oxygen; habitat usage; hypoxia; hypoxia avoidance; reef-dependent species
Abstract :
[en] Reef habitat in coastal ecosystems is increasingly being augmented with artificial reefs (ARs) and is simultaneously experiencing increasing hypoxia due to eutrophication and climate change. Relatively little is known about the effects of hypoxia on organisms that use complex habitat arrangements and how the presence of highly preferred AR habitat can affect the exposure of organisms to low dissolved oxygen (DO). We performed two laboratory experiments that used video recording of behavioral movement to explore 1) habitat usage and staying duration of individuals continuously exposed to 3, 5, and 7 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO) in a complex of multiple preferred and avoided habitat types, and 2) the impact of ARs on exposure to different DO concentrations under a series of two-way replicated choice experiments with or without AR placement on the low-oxygen side. Six common reef-dependent species found in the northeastern sea areas of China were used (i.e., rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and Hexagrammos otakii, filefish Thamnaconus modestus, flatfish Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, and crab Charybdis japonica). Results showed that lower DO levels decreased the usage of preferred habitats of the sea cucumber and the habitat-generalist filefish but increased the habitat affinity to preferred habitat types for the two habitat-specific rockfishes. Low DO had no effect on the crab’s habitat usage. In the choice experiment, all three fish species avoided 1 mg/L, and the rockfish S. schlegelii continued to avoid the lower DO when given choices involving pairs of 3, 5, and 7 mg/L, while H. otakii and the flatfish showed less avoidance. The availability of ARs affected exposure to low DO for the habitat-preferring rockfishes but was not significant for the flatfish. This study provides information for assessing the ecological effects and potential for adaptation through behavioral movement for key reef-dependent species under the increasing overlap of ARs and hypoxia anticipated in the future.
Disciplines :
Aquatic sciences & oceanology
Author, co-author :
Yu, Haolin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China ; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China ; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China ; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
Fang, Guangjie; Fishery Resources and Ecology Research Department, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
Rose, Kenneth A.; Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, United States
Lin, Jiazheng; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
Feng, Jie; North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
Wang, Haiyan; Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
Cao, Qingxian; Guangxi Institute of Oceanography, Nanning, China
Tang, Yanli; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
Zhang, Tao; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China ; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China ; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China ; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
Language :
English
Title :
Effects of habitat usage on hypoxia avoidance behavior and exposure in reef-dependent marine coastal species
NSCF - National Natural Science Foundation of China
Funding text :
This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42106102), the Primary Research and Development Plan of Guangxi Province (Grant No. 2021AB34014), and the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project (Grant No. QDBSH20220201045).
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