Methods: observational; Planetary systems; Planets and satellites: detection; Techniques: radial velocities; Techniques: spectroscopic; Blind searches; Exo-planets; Methods:observational; Neptune; Planetary system; Planets and satellites: detections; Principal-component analysis; Radial velocity; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science; astro-ph.EP; astro-ph.SR
Abstract :
[en] Context. The search for exoplanets around nearby M dwarfs represents a crucial milestone in the census of planetary systems in the vicinity of our Solar System. Aims. Since 2018 our team has been conducting a blind search program for planets around nearby M dwarfs with the near-IR spectro-polarimeter and velocimeter SPIRou at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and with the optical velocimeter SOPHIE at the Haute-Provence Observatory in France. The aim of this paper is to present our results on Gl 410, a 0.55 M 480 ± 150 Myr old active M dwarf distant 12 pc. Methods. We searched for planetary companions using radial velocities (RVs). We used the line-by-line (LBL) technique to measure the RVs with SPIRou and the template matching method with SOPHIE. Three different methods were employed, two based on principal component analysis (PCA), to clean the SPIRou RVs for systematics. We applied Gaussian processes (GP) modeling to correct the SOPHIE RVs for stellar activity. The 1 and apodized sine periodogram analysis was used to search for planetary signals in the SPIRou data taking into account activity indicators. We analyzed TESS data and searched for planetary transits. Results. We report the detection of a M sin(i) = 8.4 ± 1.3 M sub-Neptune planet at a period of 6.020 ± 0.004 days in circular orbit with SPIRou. The same signal, although with lower significance, was also retrieved in the SOPHIE RV data after correction for activity using a GP trained on SPIRou s longitudinal magnetic field (B) measurements. The TESS data indicate that the planet is not transiting. Within the SPIRou wPCA RVs, we find tentative evidence for two additional planetary signals at 2.99 and 18.7 days. Conclusions. Infrared RVs are a powerful method to detect extrasolar planets around active M dwarfs. Care should be taken, however, to correct or filter systematics generated by residuals of the telluric correction or small structures in the detector plane. The LBL technique combined with PCA offers a promising way to reach this objective. Further monitoring of Gl 410 is necessary.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège Astrobiology - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Carmona, A. ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Delfosse, X.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Ould-Elhkim, M.; Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France
Cortés-Zuleta, P. ; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Artigau, E.; Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Physique, Montreal, Canada ; Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Physique, Montreal, Canada
Moutou, C. ; Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France
Petit, A.C. ; Universite Cote D Azur, Observatoire de la C te D Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
Mignon, L. ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Donati, J.F.; Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France
Cook, N.J. ; Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Physique, Montreal, Canada
Gagné, J.; Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Physique, Montreal, Canada ; Planétarium de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
Forveille, T. ; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Diaz, R.F. ; Instituto Tecnologico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina ; International Center for Advanced Studies and ICIFI (CONICET), ECyT-UNSAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Martioli, E. ; Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica, Itajuba, Brazil ; Institut D astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
Arnold, L.; Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corporation (CFHT), UAR2208, CNRS-INSU, Kamuela, United States
Cadieux, C.; Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Physique, Montreal, Canada
Morin, J. ; Universite de Montpellier, CNRS, LUPM, Montpellier, France
Petit, P. ; Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France
Fouqué, P.; Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France
Bonfils, X.; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Hébrard, G.; Institut D astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
Acuña, L. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, CNES, Institut Origines, LAM, Marseille, France ; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany
Do Nascimento, J.-D. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States ; Dep. de Fisica, Univ. Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
Cloutier, R.; Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Astudillo-Defru, N. ; Depto. de Matemat. y Fis. Aplicadas, Univ. Catol. de la Santisima Concepci n, Concepcion, Chile
Bouchy, F.; Observatoire Astronomique de L Universite de Geneve, Versoix, Switzerland
Bourrier, V.; Observatoire Astronomique de L Universite de Geneve, Versoix, Switzerland
Dalal, S. ; Institut D astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
Deleuil, M.; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, CNES, Institut Origines, LAM, Marseille, France
Doyon, R.; Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Universite de Montreal, Departement de Physique, Montreal, Canada
Dumusque, X. ; Observatoire Astronomique de L Universite de Geneve, Versoix, Switzerland
Grouffal, S. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, CNES, Institut Origines, LAM, Marseille, France
Heidari, N. ; Institut D astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
Based on observations obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated from the summit of Maunakea by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l\u2019Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. Based on observations obtained with SPIRou, an international project led by Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan\u00E9tologie, Toulouse, France. Based on observations obtained with the spectrograph SOPHIE at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) in France, operated by Institut National des Sciences de l\u2019Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France. We acknowledge funding from the French ANR under contract number ANR18CE310019 (SPlaSH). This work is supported by the French National Research Agency in the framework of the Investissements d\u2019Avenir program (ANR-15-IDEX-02), through the funding of the \u201COrigin of Life\u201D project of the Grenoble-Alpes University. JFD acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the H2020 research & innovation program (grant agreement #740651 NewWorlds). This publication makes use of the Data & Analysis Center for Exo-planets (DACE), which is a facility based at the University of Geneva (CH) dedicated to extrasolar planets data visualization, exchange and analysis. DACE is a platform of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) PlanetS, federating the Swiss expertise in Exo-planet research. The DACE platform is available at https://dace.unige.ch . The project leading to this publication has received funding from the french government under the \u201CFrance 2030\u201D investment plan managed by the French National Research Agency (reference: ANR-16-CONV-000X / ANR-17-EURE-00XX) and from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University \u2013 A*MIDEX (reference AMX-21-IET-018). This work was supported by the \u201CProgramme National de Plan\u00E9tologie\u201D (PNP) of CNRS/INSU. E.M. acknowledges funding from FAPEMIG under project number APQ-02493-22 and research productivity grant number 309829/2022-4 awarded by the CNPq, Brazil. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. The observations at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope were performed with care and respect from the summit of Maunakea which is a significant cultural and historic site.
Commentary :
Accepted by A&A, 4 April 2025; 35 pages. [v2] updated version implementing A&A language editor suggestions. Tables 2, 3, and 5 will be available at the CDS in electronic form
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