[en] The Arctic is undergoing unprecedented change. Observations and models demonstrate significant perturbations to the physical and biological systems. Arctic species and ecosystems, particularly in the marine environment, are subject to a wide range of pressures from human activities, including exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants, climate change and fishing activity. These pressures affect the ecosystem services that the Arctic provides. Current international policies are attempting to support sustainable exploitation of Arctic resources with a view to balancing human wellbeing and environmental protection. However, assessments of the potential combined impacts of human activities are limited by data, particularly related to pollutants, a limited understanding of physical and biological processes, and single policies that are limited to ecosystem-level actions. This manuscript considers how, when combined, a suite of existing tools can be used to assess the impacts of pollutants in combination with other anthropogenic pressures on Arctic ecosystems, and on the services that these ecosystems provide. Recommendations are made for the advancement of targeted Arctic research to inform environmental practices and regulatory decisions.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Townhill, Bryony L ; The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK. bryony.townhill@cefas.co.uk
Reppas-Chrysovitsinos, Efstathios; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
Sühring, Roxana; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
Halsall, Crispin J; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
Mengo, Elena; The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
Sanders, Tina; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute for Carbon Cycles, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
Dähnke, Kirsten; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute for Carbon Cycles, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
Crabeck, Odile ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS) ; Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
Kaiser, Jan; Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
Birchenough, Silvana N R; The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
Language :
English
Title :
Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services.
This work was supported by Project EISPAC (NERC Grant No. NE/R012857/1), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean Programme, jointly funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
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