The alternative refractory magnesia sources in the context of decarbonization

Magnesia (MgO), a key refractory material, is traditionally produced by calcining magnesite (MgCO₃), a process that releases substantial CO₂ and contributes to global warming. As environmental concerns grow, alternative sources of magnesia are gaining attention. Beyond magnesite, it can be derived from seawater, brines, or magnesium silicates via brucite (Mg(OH)₂) precipitation and subsequent calcination, with silicates requiring an additional leaching step. While synthetic magnesia avoids direct CO₂ emissions from magnesite, it remains energy-intensive and, depending on the alkali agent and energy source, can have a higher overall carbon footprint. Recent studies on carbonation methods in synthetic magnesia production show promising results for emission reduction. This study, developed within the CESAREF consortium, explores alternative magnesia sources and process optimizations aimed at decarbonizing magnesia production. The findings offer insights into more sustainable practices for the refractory industry.