Emission rate; Indoor pollutant; PM2.5; Source; TVOC; VOC; ACCESS database; Emissions rates; Indoor air quality; Indoor pollutants; Indoor sources; OpenAccess; PM 2.5; Pollutant emission rates; Architecture; Civil and Structural Engineering; Building and Construction; Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality; Mechanics of Materials
Abstract :
[en] Modeling indoor air quality requires reliable data on pollutant emission rates (ERs) from indoor sources. While many studies focus on measuring indoor pollutant concentrations, far fewer provide the source-specific ERs needed for predictive modeling, and those that do often report fragmented and non-standardized formats that limit their use. This paper addresses this gap by introducing PANDORA (a comPilAtioN of inDOor aiR pollutAnt emissions), an internet-based open-access database designed to improve consistency and transparency in indoor air quality assessments. PANDORA systematically compiles ERs data for gaseous and particulate pollutants from a wide range of indoor sources. It classifies 747 sources into comprehensive categories such as construction and decoration materials (354), furniture (38), cleaning products and air fresheners (123), occupants and occupant activities (134), heating and cooking appliances (48), electrical equipment (40), whole room or building (6) and others (4). In this paper, we summarize key experimental methods used to assess the pollutants. To aid in informed decision-making, statistical analyses are provided for selected indoor pollutants of interest, including PM2.5, formaldehyde, benzene, and TVOC. Additionally, we compare the impact of using three different modeling approaches and assumptions through a case study that uses the PANDORA data to evaluate indoor pollutant ERs in a room. This application shows how PANDORA supports more transparent and consistent use of emission rate data. Our findings highlight that, despite compiling 9968 emission rate entries, expanding PANDORA with new measurements will further strengthen the accuracy and reliability of indoor air quality modeling and exposure assessments.
Abadie, Marc ; LaSIE (UMR CNRS 7356) - La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France ; RUPEE Lab, a LaSIE-TIPEE Common Laboratory, La Rochelle/Lagord, France
Geffre, Eol; LaSIE (UMR CNRS 7356) - La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
Picard, Charles-Florian; TIPEE Plateforme Technologique du Bâtiment Durable, Lagord, France ; RUPEE Lab, a LaSIE-TIPEE Common Laboratory, La Rochelle/Lagord, France
Loomans, Marcel; Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Babich, Francesco; Institute for Renewable Energy, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
Monge-Barrio, Aurora; School of Architecture, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Licina, Dusan; Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
McGill, Gráinne; Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Toledo, Linda; Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Coggins, Ann Marie; School of Natural Sciences & Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland
Pourkiaei, Seyed Mohsen ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Sphères ; Department of Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Casquero-Modrego, Núria; Residential Building Systems Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
Molina, Constanza; Escuela de Construcción Civil, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Sadrizadeh, Sasan; Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
McGrath, James; Department of Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Rojas-Kopeinig, Gabriel; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
PANDORA: An open-access database of indoor pollutant emission rates for IAQ modeling
Publication date :
2025
Journal title :
Journal of Building Engineering
eISSN :
2352-7102
Publisher :
Elsevier
Volume :
114
Pages :
114216
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funding text :
The authors would like to thank ADEME, the French ecological transition agency, for its financial support via the Smart\u2019Air project (convention #2004C0014), Walloon Region of Belgium and the University of Li\u00E8ge \u201CActions de Recherche Concert\u00E9es 2019 (ARC 19/23-05)\u201D, Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (EGOI123012). Authors would also like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Scottish Building Standards Division, Directorate for Local Government and Housing (UK) - research to identify if changes to guidance in standard 3.14 (Ventilation) in 2015 have been effective in improving ventilation and indoor air quality.
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