Bringing reversible ORC-heat pump systems into the market: A perspective on the current obstacles and future application potential

Reversible Organic Rankine Cycle systems, capable of alternating between power generation and (hightemperature) heat pump operation, have demonstrated strong technical feasibility across several labscale prototypes. This work assesses why, despite rising scientific interest, commercial deployment remains limited. Expert interviews and a targeted survey among relevant stakeholders reveal a generally positive perception of the technology and technical potential for market entry within the next 2–5 years. Industrial waste heat recovery, geothermal energy, and Carnot batteries show the highest market potential, while building and mobile applications are regarded with more scepticism. A SWOT analysis summarizes the key strengths (e.g. flexibility, cost reduction potential) and main barriers, including component efficiency and system complexity. Particular attention is given to reversible rotating machines, where further R&D is needed. The findings aim to guide future research and commercialization strategies and stimulate an informed discussion within the ORC and heat pump community.