Adaptive Thermal Comfort Assessment in Residential Buildings Under Current and Future Mediterranean Climate Scenarios

This article presents a comparative evaluation of three established thermal comfort models (ISSO 74, ASHRAE 55, and EN 16798-1) in the context of residential buildings in Algiers, under current and projected Mediterranean climate conditions. By combining field measurements, occupant interviews, and dynamic simulations in DesignBuilder, this research analyzes thermal comfort responses using the RCP 8.5 climate scenario. The analysis demonstrates that ISSO 74 is more suitable for temperature adaptation, while EN 16798-1 offers better humidity tolerance in high-moisture environments. Results reveal that indoor thermal discomfort currently affects more than one-third of the annual hours, with summer discomfort projected to dominate by 2100. Bedrooms are identified as the most thermally vulnerable spaces during peak summer weeks. The article identifies a critical mismatch between existing comfort standards and local climatic realities, calling for the development of an adaptive thermal comfort model tailored to the socio-economic and hygrothermal characteristics of North African cities. Passive strategies and mixed-mode ventilation are recommended as essential for enhancing climate resilience and reducing energy demand.