Les interférons de type 1 et leur fonction antivirale

Leroy, Michael; Desmecht, Daniel

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Les interférons de type 1 et leur fonction antivirale

Leroy, Michael; Desmecht, Daniel

2006 • In Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire, 150 (2), p. 73-107

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Keywords :

interferon; virus; innate immunity

Abstract :

[en] Type I interferons are part of the innate immune system involved in the first line defense against invasion, replication and spreading of pathogens such as viruses. Through specific membrane or intracellular receptors, virus entry induces the expression of type I interferons which stimulates the cells through an autocrine and paracrine manner. Interferons are polypeptides that stimulate cells through membrane receptors. They induce a cascade of events leading to the synthesis of many proteins some of which having specific antiviral properties. The most characterized are the MX proteins, the 2’5’ oligoadenylate synthetase/ ribonuclease L pathway and the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R system. Recently, the protein ISG20 has been involved in the specific antiviral function of type I interferons. The interferons act on multiple steps of the viral cycle including penetration, decapsidation, mRNA transcription, protein synthesis, genome replication, assembling and excretion of viral particles. Nowadays, due to their major efficiency, type I interferons are used in therapeutics against some viral infections and cancers.
[fr] Les interférons de type I sont des cytokines appartenant au système immunitaire inné. Ils constituent la première ligne de défense contre l’invasion, la multiplication et la dissémination des organismes pathogènes, notamment des virus. L’entrée du virus dans l’organisme induit, par l’intermédiaire de récepteurs membranaires ou intracellulaire, l’induction de la synthèse des interférons de type I qui sont dès lors à même de stimuler les cellules de manière autocrine et paracrine. Les interférons sont des polypeptides qui agissent par l’intermédiaire d’un récepteur de surface. Il induisent une cascade d’événements aboutissant à la synthèse de protéines dont certaines possèdent des propriétés antivirales spécifiques. Parmi celles-ci, on distingue la protéine MX, la voie 2’5’ oligoadénylate synthétase/ribonucléase L et le système de la protéine kinase R. Récemment, une protéine appelée ISG20 a été incriminée dans l’effet antiviral des interférons de type I. Face à l’infection virale, les interférons de type I sont capables d’agir à différentes étapes du cycle de multiplication virale. Ils influencent la pénétration, la décapsidation, la transcription des ARNm, la synthèse des protéines virales, la réplication du génome, l’assemblage ou le relarguage des virions. Ils constituent de ce fait une protection efficace qui de nos jours est mise à profit dans le traitement de certaines maladies d’origine virale et tumorales.

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health
Immunology & infectious disease

Author, co-author :

Leroy, Michael; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Morphologie et Pathologie > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies

Desmecht, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de morphologie et pathologie > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies

Language :

French

Title :

Les interférons de type 1 et leur fonction antivirale

Publication date :

2006

Journal title :

Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire

ISSN :

0003-4118

eISSN :

1781-3875

Publisher :

ULg - Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

Volume :

150

Issue :

Pages :

73-107

Available on ORBi :

since 22 December 2009

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