swimming; perceived competence; cultural validity; children; aquatic skills
Abstract :
[en] The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence is a tool used to measure self-perception of water competence in children aged from 5 to 8. The aim of this study was to translate the tool into Portuguese and to evaluate the face validity in 120 children ages from 5 to 8 years from Portugal. Individual interviews were conducted with children to assess familiarity with the 17 Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence aquatic skills and their ability to sequence the scale correctly and logically. Familiarity with aquatic skills (88.2%) and ability to sequence (95.0%) and to logically explain the sequence (97.0%) were high. Nevertheless, these scores were lower (p < .05) in the children aged 5. In addition, a dependency relationship between children’s familiarity, sequencing, and comprehension of skills with previous aquatic experience was observed when controlled by age—in favor of more experienced children (p < .05). The Portuguese version of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence is well adapted tool for children aged 5–8 years with aquatic experiences and shows very-high level of skill familiarity and good ability to sequence and justify skill progression. However, younger children and those with no previous aquatic experience may have less familiarity and understanding of aquatic skills.
Research Center/Unit :
RUCHE - Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health & Education - ULiège
Disciplines :
Social & behavioral sciences, psychology: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Reis, Leonel M.; Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Costa, Aldo M. ; Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Morgado, Liliane S.; Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
De Martelaer, Kristine ; Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
D’Hondt, Eva ; Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Sääkslahti, Arja ; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Howells, Kristy ; School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom
Barnett, Lisa M. ; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
Silva, António J. ; Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
Garrido, Nuno D. ; Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
Jidovtseff, Boris ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des Sciences de l'activité physique et de la réadaptation > Déterminants de la performance et aspects généraux de l'entraînement - Aspects spécifiques de l'entraînement y compris de haut niveau
Language :
English
Title :
Translation and Face Validity of the Portuguese Version of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence
Alternative titles :
[fr] Traduction et validation apparente de la version portuguese de l'échelle imagée de la perception de compétence aquatique
Publication date :
August 2025
Journal title :
Journal of Motor Learning and Development
ISSN :
2325-3193
eISSN :
2325-3215
Publisher :
Human Kinetics
Pages :
1-15
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Development Goals :
3. Good health and well-being 4. Quality education
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