techniques: photometric; exoplanets; infrared: planetary systems
Abstract :
[en] We present the validation of TOI-2407 b, a warm Neptune-sized planet with a radius of 4.26 +- 0.26 R⊕, orbiting an early M-type star with a period of 2.7 d and an equilibrium temperature of 705 +- 12 K. The planet was identified by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and validated in this work through multiwavelength ground-based follow-up observations. We include an observation with the novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based infrared instrument SPeculoos InfraRed Imager for Transits (SPIRIT) at the Search for habitable Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars (SPECULOOS) Southern Observatory. The high-precision transit data enabled by CMOS detectors underscore their potential for improving the detection and characterization of exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs, particularly in the infrared, where these stars emit most of their radiation. TOI-2407 b lies within the boundaries of the period–radius Neptune desert, an apparent scarcity of Neptune-sized planets at short orbits. Further characterization of TOI-2407 b, such as radial-velocity measurements, will refine its position within planetary demographic trends. This system also provides a comparison case for the well-studied Neptune-sized planet Gliese 436 b, of similar radius, period and stellar type. Comparison studies could aid the understanding of the formation and evolution of Neptune-like planets around M-dwarfs.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Janó Muñoz, C.; University of Cambridge, Department of Physics
Hooton, M. J.; University of Cambridge, Department of Physics
Pedersen, P. P.; ETH Zurich, Department of Physics
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > COMets METeors and Asteroids (COMETA)
Rackham, B. V.; MIT, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, MIT, Center for Space Research/Kavli Institute
Burgasser, A. J.; Department of Astronomy &,, Astrophysics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,
Pozuelos, F. J.; Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
Stassun, K. G.; Vanderbilt University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Queloz, D.; University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Department of Physics
Triaud, A. H. M. J.; University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy
Ziegler, C.; Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, 1936 North Street, Nacogdoches, -line>,TX 75962, USA
Almenara, J. M.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Timmermans, Mathilde ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > COMets METeors and Asteroids (COMETA)
Bonfils, X.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Collins, K. A.; Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Demory, B. O.; University of Bern, Switzerland
Dransfield, G.; University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oxford, Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford Magdalen College
Ghachoui, Mourad ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > COMets METeors and Asteroids (COMETA)
Gillon, Michaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Jehin, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Mann, A. W.; University of North Carolina, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Sebastian, D.; University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy
Thompson, S.; University of Cambridge, Department of Physics
Twicken, J. D.; SETI Institute, California, NASA Ames Research Center
de Wit, J.; MIT, Department of Earth and Planetary Science
