Non-isocyanate polyurethanes at room temperature – a dream becoming reality

[en] Polyurethanes (PUs) are one of the most widely utilized classes of polymers worldwide. However, their conventional production relies on toxic and hazardous isocyanate compounds whose usage is being limited by recent regulations. This has driven the development of new chemical strategies to access non-isocyanate PUs, or NIPUs. While the traditional PU synthesis typically occurs at room temperature (r.T) due to the high reactivity of isocyanates, NIPU synthesis generally requires elevated temperatures to surpass the low reactivity of the precursors. Considering societal needs and regulatory changes, achieving NIPU synthesis at r.T could reduce the energy footprint of the process, facilitate transition to NIPUs within existing PU manufacturing facilities and in consumer-grade applications – a more seamless switch from PUs to NIPUs. Additionally, r.T reactions are desirable for minimizing side reactions and enabling a wider functional group tolerance. This review critically gathers unbridged data and recent strategies aimed at achieving NIPU synthesis at r.T. This includes advances in monomer design, catalysis, and the use of r.T-efficient hybrid chemistries. Various polymerization techniques from a wide diversity of precursors are discussed, along with the advantages and limitations of each approach.

Research Center/Unit :

CESAM - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials - ULiège [BE]
CERM - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules - ULiège [BE]

Disciplines :

Materials science & engineering
Chemistry

Author, co-author :

Habets, Thomas ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium

Grignard, Bruno ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium ; University of Liège [ULiège] - FRITCO2T Platform - Belgium

Detrembleur, Christophe ; University of Liège [ULiège] - Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials [CESAM] Research Unit - Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules [CERM] - Belgium ; Walloon Excellence [ WEL] Research Institute - Wavre - Belgium

Language :

English

Title :

Non-isocyanate polyurethanes at room temperature – a dream becoming reality

Publication date :

June 2025

Journal title :

Progress in Polymer Science

ISSN :

0079-6700

eISSN :

1873-1619

Publisher :

Elsevier, Netherlands

Volume :

165

Pages :

101968

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

F.R.S.-FNRS - Fund for Scientific Research
Walloon region

Funding text :

The authors thank FNRS for financial support in the frame of the CO 2 Switch project under grant T.0075.20 . C.D. thanks the Region Wallonne for funding the Win2Wal project \u201CECOFOAM\u201D (convention 2010130) and the FRFS-WEL-T Advanced Grant \u201CChemistry\u201D (convention WEL-T-CR-2023 A).

Available on ORBi :

since 04 August 2025

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